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Polak-Szabela A, Dziembowska I, Bracha M, Pedrycz-Wieczorska A, Kedziora-Kornatowska K, Kozakiewicz M. The Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers May Increase the Accuracy of the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease with and without Depression. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1105-1117. [PMID: 34163154 PMCID: PMC8215848 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s310750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of work is to assess the usefulness of oxidative stress parameters in the differential diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and dementia of the Alzheimer’s type with coexisting depression. Methods The study involved three groups of people: patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (AD; N=27), patients with Alzheimer’s disease and depression (D) (AD+D; N=30), and a control group that consisted of people without dementia and without depression (C; N=24). The assessment of cognitive functioning was carried out using among alia, Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Verbal Fluency Test. Furthermore, we determined the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and superoxide anion radical. Results Multiple models with different combinations of independent variables showed that SOD together with Rey delayed recall were the best significant predictors of AD with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.893 (p = 0.001) and superoxide anion radical (O2•−) together with verbal fluency – sharp objects were the best significant predictors of AD +D diagnosis with the AUC of 0.689 (p = 0.034). Conclusion This study confirmed the value of neuropsychological diagnosis and analysis of oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis of AD and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the course of AD. The combination of the use of biochemical markers and neuropsychological tests seems particularly important for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Polak-Szabela
- Department of Geriatrics, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Inga Dziembowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Marietta Bracha
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | | | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Benkirane O, Neu D, Schmitz R, Dehon H, Mairesse O, Peigneux P. Reversible Verbal Memory Integration Deficits in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Psychol Belg 2021; 61:131-144. [PMID: 33815813 PMCID: PMC7996436 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When presented with novel but semantically related elements after learning verbal material, healthy participants tend to endorse these items as previously learned. This reflects the normal integration and association of novel verbal information into long-term memory. How obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) negatively impacts verbal memory performance, and whether deficits are reversible following positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment, remain elusive. We investigated immediate and delayed OSA- and PAP treatment-related effects on verbal memory integration, using a false memory paradigm. Twenty-three patients with OSA learned lists of words semantically related to target non-presented words (1) at baseline after a polysomnography diagnosis night, (2) after a consecutive polysomnography night under PAP titration, and (3) after three months of compliant PAP treatment. At each session, participants learned 10 different lists of words, each list comprising 15 semantically related items. They had then to recognize 15 minutes later (after an intermediate vigilance task) previously learned words within a list including studied words (learned), unstudied but semantically related items (lures), and non-related unstudied items (controls). Sleep quality and fatigue questionnaires, and psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT) were administered at each session. PAP treatment led to OSA remission and improvement in objective and subjective sleep quality. Crucially, recognition of learned and lure words increased after the first night under treatment and remained stable three months later, suggesting successful memory integration and restoration of semantic processes. No treatment-related outcome was found on PVT performance. OSA exerts a detrimental but PAP-reversible effect on verbal learning and semantic memory integration mechanisms underlying the acquisition of novel memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaïma Benkirane
- UR2NF – Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Neu
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- UNI, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Research unit ULB312 (Faculty of Medicine) and ULB388 (Faculty of Motor Sciences), Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium
- Center for the Study of Sleep Disorders, DELTA Hospital, Neuroscience Pole, CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rémy Schmitz
- UR2NF – Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hedwige Dehon
- PsyNCog – Psychology & Neuroscience of Cognition, Université de Liège, BE
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Brugmann University Hospital, Sleep Laboratory & Unit for Chronobiology U78, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Royal Military Academy (R.M.A.), Department LIFE (Physiology and Performance), Brussels, Belgium
- Department EXTO, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (V.U.B.), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF – Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN – Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI – ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Yin L, Shi Z, Liao Z, Tang T, Xie Y, Peng S. The Effects of Working Memory and Probability Format on Bayesian Reasoning. Front Psychol 2020; 11:863. [PMID: 32477216 PMCID: PMC7235282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bayesian reasoning is common and critical in everyday life while the performance on Bayesian reasoning is rather poor. Previous studies showed that people could enhance their performance by applying cognitive resources under the natural frequency format condition. Working memory is one of the crucial cognitive resources in the reasoning process. However, the role of working memory on Bayesian reasoning remains unclear. In our study, we verified the effect of working memory on Bayesian reasoning by evaluating the performance of participants with high and low working memory span (WMS); we also investigated if working memory as a kind of cognitive resource can affect Bayesian reasoning performance by manipulating the cognitive load in a dual-task paradigm among participants with no-, low-, and high-loads. We found the following: (1) The Bayesian reasoning performance of high WMS participants was significantly higher than that of low WMS participants. (2) Performance under natural frequency condition was noticeably higher than that in standard probability condition. (3) Interaction between working memory and probability format was significant, and the performance of participants with high-load in natural frequency condition was higher when compared to those of participants with no- and low-load. Therefore, we can conclude that: (1) Working memory resource is a major factor in Bayesian reasoning. The performance of Bayesian reasoning is influenced by working memory span and working memory load. (2) A Bayesian facilitation effect exists, and replacing the standard probability format with a natural frequency format can significantly improve Bayesian performance. (3) Bayesian facilitation occurs only in participants with sufficient working memory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yin
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zixiang Liao
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuntian Xie
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Peng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Sejunaite K, Lanza C, Gaucher F, Klug R, Riepe MW. News and Commercials: Binding Deficits for Complex Information in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:611176. [PMID: 33551874 PMCID: PMC7854553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.611176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory for complex content is severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which might make processing of daily information such as news and commercials particularly challenging. The goal of the present study was to assess the impairment of everyday memory in patients with schizophrenia. Healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ) were asked to watch a selection of six news segments and six commercials and complete a recognition task on the content of these video clips. All participants completed a neuropsychological test battery comprising measures of attention, working and episodic memory, and executive function. The total number of correctly recognized items was significantly lower in the SZ group. In contrast, the number of false recognitions was alike in both news and commercials paradigm. We conclude that memory in patients with schizophrenia is more prone to omissions than distortions for complex everyday stimuli. The results offer further support for impaired binding in SZ patients. Memory in SZ suffices to reject false multi-feature items on grounds of identifying at least one feature as incorrect but does not suffice to recall all features of a complex item and affirm it as correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sejunaite
- Division of Geriatrics and Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatry II Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Lanza
- Division of Geriatrics and Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatry II Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederic Gaucher
- Division of Geriatrics and Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatry II Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Klug
- Division of Geriatrics and Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatry II Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias W Riepe
- Division of Geriatrics and Old Age Psychiatry, Psychiatry II Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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