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Suki B, Bates JHT, Bartolák-Suki E. Remodeling of the Aged and Emphysematous Lungs: Roles of Microenvironmental Cues. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3559-3574. [PMID: 35766835 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a slow process that affects all organs, and the lung is no exception. At the alveolar level, aging increases the airspace size with thicker and stiffer septal walls and straighter and thickened collagen and elastic fibers. This creates a microenvironment that interferes with the ability of cells in the parenchyma to maintain normal homeostasis and respond to injury. These changes also make the lung more susceptible to disease such as emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by slow but progressive remodeling of the deep alveolar regions that leads to airspace enlargement and increased but disorganized elastin and collagen deposition. This remodeling has been attributed to ongoing inflammation that involves inflammatory cells and the cytokines they produce. Cellular senescence, another consequence of aging, weakens the ability of cells to properly respond to injury, something that also occurs in emphysema. These factors conspire to make alveolar walls more prone to mechanical failure, which can set emphysema in motion by driving inflammation through immune stimulation by protein fragments. Both aging and emphysema are influenced by microenvironmental conditions such as local inflammation, chemical makeup, tissue stiffness, and mechanical stresses. Although aging and emphysema are not equivalent, they have the potential to influence each other in synergistic ways; aging sets up the conditions for emphysema to develop, while emphysema may accelerate cellular senescence and thus aging itself. This article focuses on the similarities and differences between the remodeled microenvironment of the aging and emphysematous lung, with special emphasis on the alveolar septal wall. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3559-3574, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Depatment of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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Finger CE, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Gutierrez A, Moruno-Manchon JF, McCullough LD. Age-related immune alterations and cerebrovascular inflammation. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:803-818. [PMID: 34711943 PMCID: PMC9046462 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to the development of many age-related diseases, including vascular disease. The world's population is aging, leading to an increasing prevalence of both stroke and vascular dementia. The inflammatory response to ischemic stroke is critical to both stroke pathophysiology and recovery. Age is a predictor of poor outcomes after stroke. The immune response to stroke is altered in aged individuals, which contributes to the disparate outcomes between young and aged patients. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the effects of aging on the immune system and the cerebral vasculature and how these changes alter the immune response to stroke and vascular dementia in animal and human studies. Potential implications of these age-related immune alterations on chronic inflammation in vascular disease outcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson E. Finger
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga-IBIMA, Faculty of Sciences, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain ,grid.418264.d0000 0004 1762 4012Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Felix Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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Batson C, Gomez A, Sainbhi AS, Froese L, Zeiler FA. Association of Age and Sex With Multi-Modal Cerebral Physiology in Adult Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Overview and Future Avenues for Personalized Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676154. [PMID: 34899283 PMCID: PMC8652202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of age and biological sex on outcome in moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been documented in large cohort studies, with advanced age and male sex linked to worse long-term outcomes. However, the association between age/biological sex and high-frequency continuous multi-modal monitoring (MMM) cerebral physiology is unclear, with only sparing reference made in guidelines and major literature in moderate/severe TBI. In this narrative review, we summarize some of the largest studies associating various high-frequency MMM parameters with age and biological sex in moderate/severe TBI. To start, we present this by highlighting the representative available literature on high-frequency data from Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP), Extracellular Brain Tissue Oxygenation (PbtO2), Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturations (rSO2), Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF), Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity (CBFV), Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR), Cerebral Compensatory Reserve, common Cerebral Microdialysis (CMD) Analytes and their correlation to age and sex in moderate/severe TBI cohorts. Then we present current knowledge gaps in the literature, discuss biological implications of age and sex on cerebrovascular monitoring in TBI and some future avenues for bedside research into the cerebrovascular physiome after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Batson
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A Gomez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - A S Sainbhi
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - L Froese
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - F A Zeiler
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wang X, Han C, Jia Y, Wang J, Ge W, Duan L. Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes From Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease and Dysfunction of Mitochondria in Endothelial Cells. Stroke 2021; 52:3351-3361. [PMID: 34334053 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare steno-occlusive and slowly progressing cerebrovascular disorder. The detailed mechanism of the underlying pathogenesis is still blurry. METHODS Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomics was performed on serum-derived exosomes (SDEs) extracted from adult patients diagnosed with pure ischemic MMD or hemorrhagic MMD and healthy controls. Then mouse brain vascular endothelial cell (EC), human umbilical vein EC, neuroblastoma cell, and human hepatocyte cell were treated with exosomes, and changes of the protein expression in mouse brain vascular EC cells were identified. RESULTS Proteomics analysis results showed that 859 shared proteins were detected in SDEs from ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD patients with 231 differently expressed compared with healthy controls. Bioinformatic analysis revealed dysregulated cell growth and maintenance and indicated disturbed actin dynamics in MMD, with CFL1 (Cofilin-1) and ACTR2/3 (actin-related protein 2/3; also known as ARP2/3) downregulated in ischemic and hemorrhagic patients' SDEs. We also found immunity dysfunction in hemorrhagic MMD. Following treatment with MMD SDEs, mouse brain vascular EC cells showed significantly higher levels of proliferation and more ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine-positive cells compared with the healthy control group, while there were no obvious changes in the human umbilical vein EC and human hepatocyte cell. Interestingly, we also found that SDEs from ischemic MMD promoted neuroblastoma cell proliferation. Proteomic analysis of mouse brain vascular EC cells suggested that SDEs from hemorrhagic MMD patients induced dysfunction of the mitochondria in cerebrovascular ECs. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted potential molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MMD patients, thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.W., Y.J., J.W., W.G.)
| | - Cong Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (C.H., L.D.)
| | - Yangjie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.W., Y.J., J.W., W.G.)
| | - Jiayu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.W., Y.J., J.W., W.G.).,Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang (J.W.)
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (X.W., Y.J., J.W., W.G.)
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China (C.H., L.D.)
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Yang T, Zhang F. Targeting Transcription Factor Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2) for the Intervention of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:97-116. [PMID: 33054394 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is an age-related, mild to severe mental disability due to a broad panel of cerebrovascular disorders. Its pathobiology involves neurovascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter damage, microRNAs, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota alterations, etc. Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is the master regulator of redox status and controls the transcription of a panel of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory genes. By interacting with NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), Nrf2 also fine-tunes the cellular oxidative and inflammatory balance. Aging is associated with Nrf2 dysfunction, and increasing evidence has proved the role of Nrf2 in mitigating the VCID process. Based on VCID pathobiologies and Nrf2 studies from VCID and other brain diseases, we point out several hypothetical Nrf2 targets for VCID management, including restoration of endothelial function and neurovascular coupling, preservation of blood-brain barrier integrity, reduction of amyloidopathy, promoting white matter integrity, and mitigating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Collectively, the Nrf2 pathway could be a promising direction for future VCID research. Targeting Nrf2 would shed light on VCID managing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, PA
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Liu Y, Liu H, Li C, Ma C, Ge W. Proteome Profiling of Lung Tissues in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Platelet and Macrophage Dysfunction Contribute to the Pathogenesis of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:973-980. [PMID: 32440109 PMCID: PMC7211305 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s246845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide public health challenge due to its high prevalence and related disability and mortality; however, the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify key proteins involved in the pathogenesis of COPD. Patients and Methods We collected lung tissue from three patients with COPD who required thoracic surgery for lung transplantation in the China–Japan Friendship Hospital. Lung tissue from three donors who had no history of lung disease was collected as healthy controls through a whole-body donation program of Peking Union Medical College (China). We conducted a proteomic analysis of the protein expression profiles in the two groups using a combination of high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and quantitative 6-plex tandem mass tag-labeling; these data were validated by Western blot analysis. Results A total of 4976 proteins were identified and analyzed, of which 173 were significantly changed (118 downregulated and 55 upregulated). Gene ontology analysis and protein–protein interaction networks demonstrated that the significantly changed proteins, especially downregulated proteins, were involved in platelet and macrophage activation. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the iProX partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD017158. Conclusion In our study, GP6, PF4, and THBS1, which are associated with platelet activation and wound healing, were significantly downregulated in COPD patients. These results indicate that patients with COPD are more likely to develop hemostasis disorders, which could impede the repair process of the lung tissues. Moreover, downregulation of CD163, MARCO and VSIG4, which are involved in dysfunction of alveolar macrophages in efferocytosis, may inhibit the resolution of inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, People's Republic of China
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