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Saha R, Saha DK, Rahaman MA, Fu Z, Liu J, Calhoun VD. A Method to Estimate Longitudinal Change Patterns in Functional Network Connectivity of the Developing Brain Relevant to Psychiatric Problems, Cognition, and Age. Brain Connect 2024; 14:130-140. [PMID: 38308475 PMCID: PMC10954605 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2023.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop an approach to evaluate multiple overlapping brain functional change patterns (FCPs) in functional network connectivity (FNC) and apply to study developmental changes in brain function. Introduction: FNC, the network analog of functional connectivity (FC), is commonly used to capture the intrinsic functional relationships among brain networks. Ongoing research on longitudinal changes of intrinsic FC across whole-brain functional networks has proven useful for characterizing age-related changes, but to date, there has been little focus on capturing multivariate patterns of FNC change with brain development. Methods: In this article, we introduce a novel approach to evaluate multiple overlapping FCPs by utilizing FNC matrices. We computed FNC matrices from the large-scale Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data using fully automated spatially constrained independent component analysis (ICA). We next evaluated changes in these patterns for a 2-year period using a second-level ICA on the FNC change maps. Results: Our proposed approach reveals several highly structured (modular) FCPs and significant results including strong brain FC between visual and sensorimotor domains that increase with age. We also find several FCPs that are associated with longitudinal changes of psychiatric problems, cognition, and age in the developing brain. Interestingly, FCP cross-covariation, reflecting coupling between maximally independent FCPs, also shows significant differences between upper and lower quartile loadings for longitudinal changes in age, psychiatric problems, and cognition scores, as well as baseline age in the developing brain. FCP patterns and results were also found to be highly reliable based on analysis of data collected in a separate scan session. Conclusion: In sum, our results show evidence of consistent multivariate patterns of functional change in emerging adolescents and the proposed approach provides a useful and general tool to evaluate covarying patterns of whole-brain functional changes in longitudinal data. Impact statement In this article, we introduce a novel approach utilizing functional network connectivity (FNC) matrices to estimate multiple overlapping brain functional change patterns (FCPs). The findings demonstrate several well-structured FCPs that exhibit significant changes for a 2-year period, particularly in the functional connectivity between the visual and sensorimotor domains. In addition, we discover several FCPs that are associated with psychopathology, cognition, and age. Finally, our proposed approach for studying age-related FCPs represents a pioneering method that provides a valuable tool for assessing interconnected patterns of whole-brain functional changes in longitudinal data and may be useful to study change over time with applicability to many other areas, including the study of longitudinal changes within diagnostic groups, treatment effects, aging effects, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Saha
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Debbrata K. Saha
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Md Abdur Rahaman
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Richard’s MM, Zamora EV, Aydmune Y, Comesaña A, Krzemien D, Introzzi IM, Lopez-Ramón MF, Navarro-Pardo E. Age-related switching costs in adulthood: “All or None Hypothesis” corollaries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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3
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Deery HA, Di Paolo R, Moran C, Egan GF, Jamadar SD. The older adult brain is less modular, more integrated, and less efficient at rest: A systematic review of large-scale resting-state functional brain networks in aging. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14159. [PMID: 36106762 PMCID: PMC10909558 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The literature on large-scale resting-state functional brain networks across the adult lifespan was systematically reviewed. Studies published between 1986 and July 2021 were retrieved from PubMed. After reviewing 2938 records, 144 studies were included. Results on 11 network measures were summarized and assessed for certainty of the evidence using a modified GRADE method. The evidence provides high certainty that older adults display reduced within-network and increased between-network functional connectivity. Older adults also show lower segregation, modularity, efficiency and hub function, and decreased lateralization and a posterior to anterior shift at rest. Higher-order functional networks reliably showed age differences, whereas primary sensory and motor networks showed more variable results. The inflection point for network changes is often the third or fourth decade of life. Age effects were found with moderate certainty for within- and between-network altered patterns and speed of dynamic connectivity. Research on within-subject bold variability and connectivity using glucose uptake provides low certainty of age differences but warrants further study. Taken together, these age-related changes may contribute to the cognitive decline often seen in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A. Deery
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robert Di Paolo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chris Moran
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Geriatric MedicinePeninsula HealthFrankstonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gary F. Egan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sharna D. Jamadar
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Monash Biomedical ImagingMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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4
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Cognitive decline is associated with frequency-specific resting state functional changes in normal aging. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2120-2132. [PMID: 35864341 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resting state low-frequency brain activity may aid in our understanding of the mechanisms of aging-related cognitive decline. Our purpose was to explore the characteristics of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in different frequency bands of fMRI to better understand cognitive aging. Thirty-seven cognitively normal older individuals underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests and MRI scans at baseline and four years later. ALFF from five different frequency bands (typical band, slow-5, slow-4, slow-3, and slow-2) were calculated and analyzed. A two-way ANOVA was used to explore the interaction effects in voxel-wise whole brain ALFF of the time and frequency bands. Paired-sample t-test was used to explore within-group changes over four years. Partial correlation analysis was performed to assess associations between the altered ALFF and cognitive function. Significant interaction effects of time × frequency were distributed over inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, right rolandic operculum, left thalamus, and right putamen. Significant ALFF reductions in all five frequency bands were mainly found in the right hemisphere and the posterior cerebellum; whereas localization of the significantly increased ALFF were mainly found in the cerebellum at typical band, slow-5 and slow-4 bands, and left hemisphere and the cerebellum at slow-3, slow-2 bands. In addition, ALFF changes showed frequency-specific correlations with changes in cognition. These results suggest that changes of local brain activity in cognitively normal aging should be investigated in multiple frequency bands. The association between ALFF changes and cognitive function can potentially aid better understanding of the mechanisms underlying normal cognitive aging.
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5
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Chen J, Xue K, Yang M, Wang K, Xu Y, Wen B, Cheng J, Han S, Wei Y. Altered Coupling of Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Connectivity Strength in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:821078. [PMID: 35546878 PMCID: PMC9083321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.821078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are a major symptom of schizophrenia and are connected with impairments in auditory and speech-related networks. In schizophrenia with AVHs, alterations in resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) and functional connectivity have been described. However, the neurovascular coupling alterations specific to first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients with AVHs remain unknown. Methods Resting-state functional MRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL) was performed on 46 first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients with AVHs (AVH), 39 FES drug-naïve schizophrenia patients without AVHs (NAVH), and 48 healthy controls (HC). Then we compared the correlation between the CBF and functional connection strength (FCS) of the entire gray matter between the three groups, as well as the CBF/FCS ratio of each voxel. Correlation analyses were performed on significant results between schizophrenia patients and clinical measures scale. Results The CBF/FCS ratio was reduced in the cognitive and emotional brain regions in both the AVH and NAVH groups, primarily in the crus I/II, vermis VI/VII, and cerebellum VI. In the AVH group compared with the HC group, the CBF/FCS ratio was higher in auditory perception and language-processing areas, primarily the left superior and middle temporal gyrus (STG/MTG). The CBF/FCS ratio in the left STG and left MTG positively correlates with the score of the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale in AVH patients. Conclusion These findings point to the difference in neurovascular coupling failure between AVH and NAVH patients. The dysfunction of the forward model based on the predictive and computing role of the cerebellum may increase the excitability in the auditory cortex, which may help to understand the neuropathological mechanism of AVHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Chen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangkang Xue
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kefan Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinhuan Xu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Merenstein JL, Bennett IJ. Bridging patterns of neurocognitive aging across the older adult lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104594. [PMID: 35227712 PMCID: PMC9888009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain and neurocognitive aging rarely include oldest-old adults (ages 80 +). But predictions of neurocognitive aging theories derived from MRI findings in younger-old adults (ages ~55-80) may not generalize into advanced age, particularly given the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the oldest-old. Here, we reviewed the MRI literature in oldest-old adults and interpreted findings within the context of regional variation, compensation, brain maintenance, and reserve theories. Structural MRI studies revealed regional variation in brain aging as larger age effects on medial temporal and posterior regions for oldest-old than younger-old adults. They also revealed that brain maintenance explained preserved cognitive functioning into the tenth decade of life. Very few functional MRI studies examined compensatory activity in oldest-old adults who perform as well as younger groups, although there was evidence that higher brain reserve in oldest-old adults may mediate effects of brain aging on cognition. Despite some continuity, different cognitive and neural profiles across the older adult lifespan should be addressed in modern neurocognitive aging theories.
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7
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Cao X, Liu T, Jiang J, Liu H, Zhang J, Kochan NA, Niu H, Brodaty H, Sachdev PS, Wen W. Alternation in Effective Connectivity With Cognitive Aging: A Longitudinal Study of Elderly Populations. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755931. [PMID: 34867282 PMCID: PMC8636113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we investigated the alterations in the directionality and strength of regional interactions within functionally changed brain networks and their relationship to cognitive decline during the aging process in normal elderly individuals. Thirty-seven cognitively normal elderly people received resting-state fMRI scans and cognitive assessments at baseline (age = 78.65 ± 3.56 years) and at 4-year follow-up. Functional connectivity analyses were used to identify networks containing brain regions whose functions changed with age as regions of interest. The spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) method was used to estimate the causal interactions within networks in subjects at different time points and in subjects with different cognitive levels to explore the alterations with cognitive aging. The results showed that, at both time points, all the networks, except the frontal-parietal network (FPN) at baseline, had mutual interactions between each pair of nodes. Furthermore, when the subjects were divided with global cognition level, lost connections were only found in the subgroup with better performance. These indicated that elderly people appeared to need more interaction pathways between brain areas with cognitive decline. We also observed that the strength of the flow of information from the left angular gyrus to the precuneus, which is associated with activation of memory retrieval and the functional hub involved in various cognitive domains, was predictive of declines in executive function with the aging process, making it a potential predictor of such situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haijun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Li X, Fischer H, Manzouri A, Månsson KNT, Li TQ. A Quantitative Data-Driven Analysis Framework for Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Study of the Impact of Adult Age. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:768418. [PMID: 34744623 PMCID: PMC8565286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.768418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to introduce a new quantitative data-driven analysis (QDA) framework for the analysis of resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) and use it to investigate the effect of adult age on resting-state functional connectivity (RFC). Whole-brain R-fMRI measurements were conducted on a 3T clinical MRI scanner in 227 healthy adult volunteers (N = 227, aged 18-76 years old, male/female = 99/128). With the proposed QDA framework we derived two types of voxel-wise RFC metrics: the connectivity strength index and connectivity density index utilizing the convolutions of the cross-correlation histogram with different kernels. Furthermore, we assessed the negative and positive portions of these metrics separately. With the QDA framework we found age-related declines of RFC metrics in the superior and middle frontal gyri, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right insula and inferior parietal lobule of the default mode network (DMN), which resembles previously reported results using other types of RFC data processing methods. Importantly, our new findings complement previously undocumented results in the following aspects: (1) the PCC and right insula are anti-correlated and tend to manifest simultaneously declines of both the negative and positive connectivity strength with subjects' age; (2) separate assessment of the negative and positive RFC metrics provides enhanced sensitivity to the aging effect; and (3) the sensorimotor network depicts enhanced negative connectivity strength with the adult age. The proposed QDA framework can produce threshold-free and voxel-wise RFC metrics from R-fMRI data. The detected adult age effect is largely consistent with previously reported studies using different R-fMRI analysis approaches. Moreover, the separate assessment of the negative and positive contributions to the RFC metrics can enhance the RFC sensitivity and clarify some of the mixed results in the literature regarding to the DMN and sensorimotor network involvement in adult aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Institute of Informatics Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm University Brain Imaging Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristoffer N T Månsson
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tie-Qiang Li
- Institute of Informatics Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Medical Radiation and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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9
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Chen K, Wang L, Zeng J, Chen A, Gao Z, Wang J. Voxel-Wise Quantitative Mapping of the Brain Association Ability. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:746894. [PMID: 34720865 PMCID: PMC8555663 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.746894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association cortices of the brain are essential for integrating multimodal information that subserves complex and high-order cognitive functions. To delineate the changing pattern of associative cortices can provide critical insight into brain development, aging, plasticity, and disease-triggered functional abnormalities. However, how to quantitatively characterize the association capability of the brain is elusive. Here, we developed a new method of association index (Asso) at the voxel level to quantitatively characterize the brain association ability. Using the Asso method, we found high Asso values in association cortical networks, and low values in visual and limbic networks, suggesting a pattern of significant gradient distribution in neural functions. The spatial distribution patterns of Asso show high similarities across different thresholds suggesting that Asso mapping is a threshold-free method. In addition, compared with functional connectivity strength, i.e., degree centrality method, Asso mapping showed different patterns for association cortices and primary cortices. Finally, the Asso method was applied to investigate aging effects and identified similar findings with previous studies. All these results indicated that Asso can characterize the brain association patterns effectively and open a new avenue to reveal a neural basis for development, aging, and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology-Gastroenterology and Newborn Screening Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of the Ministry of Education, School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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10
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Hess TM, Freund AM, Tobler PN. Effort Mobilization and Healthy Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S135-S144. [PMID: 34515772 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is in part dependent upon people's willingness and ability to mobilize the effort necessary to support behaviors that promote health and well-being. People may have the best information relating to health along with the best intentions to stay healthy (e.g., health-related goals), but positive outcomes will ultimately be dependent upon them actually investing the necessary effort toward using this information to achieve their goals. In addition, the influences on effort mobilization may vary as a function of physical, psychological, and social changes experienced by the individual across the life span. Building on the overall theme of this special issue, we explore the relationships between motivation, effort mobilization, and healthy aging. We begin by characterizing the relationship between motivation and effort, and identify the factors that influence effort mobilization. We then consider the factors associated specifically with aging that may influence effort mobilization (e.g., changes in cardiovascular and neural mechanisms) and, ultimately, the health and well-being of older adults. Finally, distinguishing between those influential factors that are modifiable versus intractable, we identify ways to structure situations and beliefs to optimize mobilization in support of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hess
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Alexandra M Freund
- Department of Psychology and University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging," University of Zurich, Switzerland.,National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) LIVES, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Sevinc G, Rusche J, Wong B, Datta T, Kaufman R, Gutz SE, Schneider M, Todorova N, Gaser C, Thomalla G, Rentz D, Dickerson BD, Lazar SW. Mindfulness Training Improves Cognition and Strengthens Intrinsic Connectivity Between the Hippocampus and Posteromedial Cortex in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:702796. [PMID: 34512305 PMCID: PMC8430251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.702796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining optimal cognitive functioning throughout the lifespan is a public health priority. Evaluation of cognitive outcomes following interventions to promote and preserve brain structure and function in older adults, and associated neural mechanisms, are therefore of critical importance. In this randomized controlled trial, we examined the behavioral and neural outcomes following mindfulness training (n = 72), compared to a cognitive fitness program (n = 74) in healthy, cognitively normal, older adults (65-80 years old). To assess cognitive functioning, we used the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC), which combines measures of episodic memory, executive function, and global cognition. We hypothesized that mindfulness training would enhance cognition, increase intrinsic functional connectivity measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between the hippocampus and posteromedial cortex, as well as promote increased gray matter volume within those regions. Following the 8-week intervention, the mindfulness training group showed improved performance on the PACC, while the control group did not. Furthermore, following mindfulness training, greater improvement on the PACC was associated with a larger increase in intrinsic connectivity within the default mode network, particularly between the right hippocampus and posteromedial cortex and between the left hippocampus and lateral parietal cortex. The cognitive fitness training group did not show such effects. These findings demonstrate that mindfulness training improves cognitive performance in cognitively intact older individuals and strengthens connectivity within the default mode network, which is particularly vulnerable to aging affects. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02628548], identifier [NCT02628548].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunes Sevinc
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johann Rusche
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Kopf- und Neurozentrum, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tanya Datta
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Gutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marissa Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nevyana Todorova
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Kopf- und Neurozentrum, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorene Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradford D. Dickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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West A, Hamlin N, Frangou S, Wilson TW, Doucet GE. Person-Based Similarity Index for Cognition and Its Neural Correlates in Late Adulthood: Implications for Cognitive Reserve. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:397-407. [PMID: 34255824 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is typically associated with some level of cognitive decline, but there is substantial variation in such decline among older adults. The mechanisms behind such heterogeneity remain unclear but some have suggested a role for cognitive reserve. In this work, we propose the "person-based similarity index" for cognition (PBSI-Cog) as a proxy for cognitive reserve in older adults, and use the metric to quantify similarity between the cognitive profiles of healthy older and younger participants. In the current study, we computed this metric in 237 healthy older adults (55-88 years) using a reference group of 156 younger adults (18-39 years) taken from the Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience dataset. Our key findings revealed that PBSI-Cog scores in older adults were: 1) negatively associated with age (rho = -0.25, P = 10-4) and positively associated with higher education (t = 2.4, P = 0.02), 2) largely explained by fluid intelligence and executive function, and 3) predicted more by functional connectivity between lower- and higher-order resting-state networks than brain structural morphometry or education. Particularly, we found that higher segregation between the sensorimotor and executive networks predicted higher PBSI-Cog scores. Our results support the notion that brain network functional organization may underly variability in cognitive reserve in late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna West
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
| | - Noah Hamlin
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
| | - Gaelle E Doucet
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE 68010, USA
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