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Tan LY, Cunliffe G, Hogan MP, Yeo XY, Oh C, Jin B, Kang J, Park J, Kwon MS, Kim M, Jung S. Emergence of the brain-border immune niches and their contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380063. [PMID: 38863704 PMCID: PMC11165048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, the central nervous system (CNS) was regarded as 'immune-privileged', possessing its own distinct immune cell population. This immune privilege was thought to be established by a tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal-fluid barrier (BCSFB), which prevented the crossing of peripheral immune cells and their secreted factors into the CNS parenchyma. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of peripheral immune cells in proximity to various brain-border niches such as the choroid plexus, cranial bone marrow (CBM), meninges, and perivascular spaces. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that peripheral immune cells may be able to infiltrate the brain through these sites and play significant roles in driving neuronal cell death and pathology progression in neurodegenerative disease. Thus, in this review, we explore how the brain-border immune niches may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). We then discuss several emerging options for harnessing the neuroimmune potential of these niches to improve the prognosis and treatment of these debilitative disorders using novel insights from recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Grace Cunliffe
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Patrick Hogan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Yi Yeo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chansik Oh
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohwan Jin
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Kang
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYoung Kim
- Rehabilitation and Regeneration Research Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Shadkam R, Saadat P, Azadmehr A, Chehrazi M, Daraei A. Key Non-coding Variants in Three Neuroapoptosis and Neuroinflammation-Related LncRNAs Are Protectively Associated with Susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease and Some of Its Clinical Features. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2854-2865. [PMID: 37946005 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Research findings show that genetic susceptibility to sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disorder, is determined through gene variation of loci involved in its development and pathogenesis. A growing body of strong evidence has revealed that dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of PD through impairing neuronal signaling pathways, but little is known about the relationship between their variants and PD susceptibility. In this research, we intended to study the relationship between functional SNPs rs12826786C>T, rs3200401C>T, and rs6931097G>A in the key lncRNAs stimulating neuroapoptosis and neuroinflammation in PD, including HOTAIR, MALAT1, and lincRNA-P21, respectively, with susceptibility to PD as well as its clinical symptoms.The population of this study consisted of 240 individuals, including 120 controls and 120 cases, and the sample taken from them was peripheral blood. Genotyping of the target SNPs was done using PCR-RFLP. We found that the healthy individuals carry more T allele of MALAT1-rs3200401C>T compared to the patients (P= 0.019). Furthermore, it was observed that in the dominant genetic model, subjects with genotypes carrying the T allele have a lower risk of PD (OR= 0.530; CI= 0.296-0.950; P= 0.033). Regarding the lincRNA-P21-rs6931097G>A, we observed a significant protective relationship between its GA (OR= 0.144; CI= 0.030-0.680; P= 0.014) and AA (OR= 0.195; CI= 00.047-0.799; P= 0.023) genotypes with the manifestation of tremor and bradykinesia symptoms, respectively. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the minor TT genotype of HOTAIR-rs12826786C>T was significantly associated with a reduced risk of bradykinesia symptoms (OR= 0.147; CI= 0.039-0.555; P= 0.005). Collectively, these findings suggest that MALAT1-rs3200401C>T may be an important lncRNA SNP against the development of PD, while the other two SNPs show protective effects on the clinical manifestations of PD in a way that lincRNA-P21-rs6931097G>A has a protective effect against the occurrence of tremor and bradykinesia symptoms in PD patients, and HOTAIR -rs12826786C>T indicates a protective effect against the display of bradykinesia feature. Therefore, they can have valuable potential as biomarkers for clinical evaluations of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Shadkam
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Adam H, Gopinath SCB, Md Arshad MK, Adam T, Parmin NA, Husein I, Hashim U. An update on pathogenesis and clinical scenario for Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and treatment. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37124989 PMCID: PMC10134733 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe cases, Parkinson's disease causes uncontrolled movements known as motor symptoms such as dystonia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremors. Parkinson's disease also causes non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, constipation, depression and hysteria. Disruption of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neural networks in the substantia nigra pars compacta is a major cause of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, due to the difficulty of clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, it is often misdiagnosed, highlighting the need for better methods of detection. Treatment of Parkinson's disease is also complicated due to the difficulties of medications passing across the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, the conventional methods fail to solve the aforementioned issues. As a result, new methods are needed to detect and treat Parkinson's disease. Improved diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease can help avoid some of its devastating symptoms. This review explores how nanotechnology platforms, such as nanobiosensors and nanomedicine, have improved Parkinson's disease detection and treatment. Nanobiosensors integrate science and engineering principles to detect Parkinson's disease. The main advantages are their low cost, portability, and quick and precise analysis. Moreover, nanotechnology can transport medications in the form of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier. However, because nanobiosensors are a novel technology, their use in biological systems is limited. Nanobiosensors have the potential to disrupt cell metabolism and homeostasis, changing cellular molecular profiles and making it difficult to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nanoparticles, on the other hand, produce neurotoxicity, which is a challenge in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Techniques must be developed to distinguish sensor-induced artifacts from fundamental biological phenomena and to reduce the neurotoxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - M. K. Md Arshad
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Pauh Campus, Arau, 02600 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - N. A. Parmin
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Irzaman Husein
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor-Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Uda Hashim
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
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Li X, Fan X, Yang H, Liu Y. Review of Metabolomics-Based Biomarker Research for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1041-1057. [PMID: 34826053 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as the second most common neurodegenerative disease, is seriously affecting the life quality of the elderly. However, there is still a lack of efficient medical methods to diagnosis PD before apparent symptoms occur. In recent years, clinical biomarkers including genetic, imaging, and tissue markers have exhibited remarkable benefits in assisting PD diagnoses. Due to the advantages of high-throughput detection of metabolites and almost non-invasive sample collection, metabolomics research of PD is widely used for diagnostic biomarker discovery. However, there are also a few shortages for those identified biomarkers, such as the scarcity of verifications regarding the sensitivity and specificity. Thus, reviewing the research progress of PD biomarkers based on metabolomics techniques is of great significance for developing PD diagnosis. To comprehensively clarify the progress of current metabolic biomarker studies in PD, we reviewed 20 research articles regarding the discovery and validation of biomarkers for PD diagnosis from three mainstream academic databases (NIH PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Elsevier ScienceDirect). By analyzing those materials, we summarized the metabolic biomarkers identified by those metabolomics studies and discussed the potential approaches used for biomarker verifications. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive and updated overview of PD metabolomics research in the past two decades and particularly discusses the validation of disease biomarkers. We hope those discussions might provide inspiration for PD biomarker discovery and verification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Liaoning Province, 110036, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Liaoning Province, 110036, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtian Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Liaoning Province, 110036, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, No. 66 Chongshan Middle Road, Huanggu District, Liaoning Province, 110036, Shenyang, People's Republic of China. .,Natural Products Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China.
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