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Fillenbaum GG, Mohs R. CERAD (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease) Neuropsychology Assessment Battery: 35 Years and Counting. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1-27. [PMID: 36938738 PMCID: PMC10175144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1986, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) was mandated to develop a brief neuropsychological assessment battery (CERAD-NAB) for AD, for uniform neuropsychological assessment, and information aggregation. Initially used across the National Institutes of Aging-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers, it has become widely adopted wherever information is desired on cognitive status and change therein, particularly in older populations. OBJECTIVE Our purpose is to provide information on the multiple uses of the CERAD-NAB since its inception, and possible further developments. METHODS Since searching on "CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery" or similar terms missed important information, "CERAD" alone was entered into PubMed and SCOPUS, and CERAD-NAB use identified from the resulting studies. Use was sorted into major categories, e.g., psychometric information, norms, dementia/differential dementia diagnosis, epidemiology, intervention evaluation, genetics, etc., also translations, country of use, and alternative data gathering approaches. RESULTS CERAD-NAB is available in ∼20 languages. In addition to its initial purpose assessing AD severity, CERAD-NAB can identify mild cognitive impairment, facilitate differential dementia diagnosis, determine cognitive effects of naturally occurring and experimental interventions (e.g., air pollution, selenium in soil, exercise), has helped to clarify cognition/brain physiology-neuroanatomy, and assess cognitive status in dementia-risk conditions. Surveys of primary and tertiary care patients, and of population-based samples in multiple countries have provided information on prevalent and incident dementia, and cross-sectional and longitudinal norms for ages 35-100 years. CONCLUSION CERAD-NAB has fulfilled its original mandate, while its uses have expanded, keeping up with advances in the area of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda G Fillenbaum
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Mohs
- Global Alzheimer's Platform Foundation, Washington, DC, USA
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Schmitt J, Palleis C, Sauerbeck J, Unterrainer M, Harris S, Prix C, Weidinger E, Katzdobler S, Wagemann O, Danek A, Beyer L, Rauchmann BS, Rominger A, Simons M, Bartenstein P, Perneczky R, Haass C, Levin J, Höglinger GU, Brendel M. Dual-Phase β-Amyloid PET Captures Neuronal Injury and Amyloidosis in Corticobasal Syndrome. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:661284. [PMID: 34054506 PMCID: PMC8155727 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.661284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In recent years several 18F-labeled amyloid PET (Aβ-PET) tracers have been developed and have obtained clinical approval. There is evidence that Aβ-PET perfusion can provide surrogate information about neuronal injury in neurodegenerative diseases when compared to conventional blood flow and glucose metabolism assessment. However, this paradigm has not yet been tested in neurodegenerative disorders with cortical and subcortical affection. Therefore, we investigated the performance of early acquisition 18F-flutemetamol Aβ-PET in comparison to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in corticobasal syndrome (CBS). Methods: Subjects with clinically possible or probable CBS were recruited within the prospective Activity of Cerebral Networks, Amyloid and Microglia in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease (ActiGliA) observational study and all CBS cases with an available FDG-PET prior to Aβ-PET were selected. Aβ-PET was acquired 0-10 min p.i. (early-phase) and 90-110 min p.i. (late-phase) whereas FDG-PET was recorded statically from 30 to 50 min p.i. Semiquantitative regional values and asymmetry indices (AI) were compared between early-phase Aβ-PET and FDG-PET. Visual assessments of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism were compared between both methods. Late-phase Aβ-PET was evaluated visually for assessment of Aβ-positivity. Results: Among 20 evaluated patients with CBS, 5 were Aβ-positive. Early-phase Aβ-PET and FDG-PET SUVr correlated highly in cortical (mean R = 0.86, range 0.77-0.92) and subcortical brain regions (mean R = 0.84, range 0.79-0.90). Strong asymmetry was observed in FDG-PET for the motor cortex (mean |AI| = 2.9%), the parietal cortex (mean |AI| = 2.9%), and the thalamus (mean |AI| = 5.5%), correlating well with AI of early-phase Aβ-PET (mean R = 0.87, range 0.62-0.98). Visual assessments of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism were highly congruent. Conclusion: Early-phase Aβ-PET facilitates assessment of neuronal injury in CBS for cortical and subcortical areas. Known asymmetries in CBS are captured by this method, enabling assessment of Aβ-status and neuronal injury with a single radiation exposure at a single visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schmitt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Palleis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Sauerbeck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Harris
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina Prix
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Endy Weidinger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Katzdobler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Wagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Haass
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universtität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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