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Jiang X, Tan H, Ren H, Zhou H, Chen J, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhou J. Clinical and physiological risk factors contributing to the restricted mobility in older adults: a longitudinal analysis. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:630. [PMID: 39048949 PMCID: PMC11267748 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobility limitations (e.g., using wheelchair) have been closely linked to diminished functional independence and quality of life in older adults. The regulation of mobility is pertaining to multiple neurophysiologic and sociodemographic factors. We here aimed to characterize the relationships of these factors to the risk of restricted mobility in older adults. METHODS In this longitudinal study, 668 older adults with intact mobility at baseline completed the baseline assessments of clinical characteristics, cognitive function, sleep quality, activities of daily living (ADL), walking performance, beat-to-beat blood pressure, and structural MRI of the brain. Then 506 of them (mean age = 70.7 ± 7.5 years) responded to the follow-up interview on the mobility limitation (as defined by if using wheelchair, cane, or walkers, or being disabled and lying on the bed) after 18 ± 3.5 months. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the baseline characteristics and the follow-up mobility restriction. RESULTS At baseline, compared to intact-mobility group (n = 475), restricted-mobility group (n = 31) were older, with lower score of ADL and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), greater score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), poorer cardio- and cerebral vascular function, and slower walking speeds (ps < 0.05). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that participants who were with history of falls, uncontrolled-hypertension, and/or greater Fazekas scale (odds ratios (ORs):1.3 ~ 13.9, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.1 ~ 328.2), walked slower, and/or with lower ADL score (ORs: 0.0026 ~ 0.9; 95%CI: 0.0001 ~ 0.99) at baseline, would have significantly greater risk of restricted mobility (p < 0.05; VIFs = 1.2 ~ 1.9). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel profile of potential risk factors, including vascular characteristics, psycho-cognitive and motor performance, for the development of restricted mobility in near future in older adults, ultimately helping the design of appropriate clinical and rehabilitative programs for mobility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huiying Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixia Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingmei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Roslindale, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jiang X, Mang X, Zhou H, Chen J, Tan H, Ren H, Huang B, Zhong L, Lipsitz LA, Manor B, Guo Y, Zhou J. The physiologic complexity of beat-to-beat blood pressure is associated with age-related alterations in blood pressure regulation. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13943. [PMID: 37615223 PMCID: PMC10776119 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fluctuations in resting-state beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) are physiologically complex, and the degree of such BP complexity is believed to reflect the multiscale regulation of this critical physiologic process. Hypertension (HTN), one common age-related condition, is associated with altered BP regulation and diminished system responsiveness to perturbations such as orthostatic change. We thus aimed to characterize the impact of HTN on resting-state BP complexity, as well as the relationship between BP complexity and both adaptive capacity and underlying vascular characteristics. We recruited 392 participants (age: 60-91 years), including 144 that were normotensive and 248 with HTN (140 controlled- and 108 uncontrolled-HTN). Participants completed a 10-min continuous finger BP recording during supine rest, then underwent measures of lying-to-standing BP change, arterial stiffness (i.e., brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity), and endothelial function (i.e., flow-mediated vasodilation). The complexity of supine beat-to-beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP was quantified using multiscale entropy. Thirty participants with HTN (16 controlled-HTN and 14 uncontrolled-HTN) exhibited orthostatic hypotension. SBP and DBP complexity was greatest in normotensive participants, lower in those with controlled-HTN, and lowest in those in uncontrolled-HTN (p < 0.0005). Lower SBP and DBP complexity correlated with greater lying-to-standing decrease in SBP and DBP level (β = -0.33 to -0.19, p < 0.01), greater arterial stiffness (β = -0.35 to -0.18, p < 0.01), and worse endothelial function (β = 0.17-0.22, p < 0.01), both across all participants and within the control- and uncontrolled-HTN groups. These results suggest that in older adults, BP complexity may capture the integrity of multiple interacting physiologic mechanisms that regulate BP and are important to cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoying Mang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Huiting Zhou
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jingmei Chen
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Huiying Tan
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Huixia Ren
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Baofeng Huang
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Lilian Zhong
- Department of GeriatricsShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Lewis A. Lipsitz
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan UniversityShenzhenChina
- The First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Department of NeurologyShenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of GerontologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Silveira H, Lima J, Plácido J, Ferreira JV, Ferreira R, Laks J, Deslandes A. Dual-Task Performance, Balance and Aerobic Capacity as Predictors of Falls in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Comparative Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:488. [PMID: 37366740 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent and strongly associated with the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls are associated with impairments in cognition and functional or gait performance; however, little is known about these associations in the elderly population with CVD. In this study, we aimed to clarify the possible associations of physical capacity and functional and cognitive outcomes with the incidence of falls in older adults with CVD. In this comparative study, 72 elderly patients were divided into fallers (n = 24 cases) and non-fallers (n = 48 controls) according to the occurrence of falls within one year. Machine learning techniques were adopted to formulate a classification model and identify the most important variables associated with the risk of falls. Participants with the worst cardiac health classification, older age, the worst cognitive and functional performance, balance and aerobic capacity were prevalent in the case group. The variables of most importance for the machine learning model were VO2max, dual-task in seconds and the Berg Scale. There was a significant association between cognitive-motor performance and the incidence of falls. Dual-task performance, balance, and aerobic capacity levels were associated with an increased risk of falls, in older adults with CVD, during a year of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Silveira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lima
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Jessica Plácido
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - José Vinícius Ferreira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
| | - Renan Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Jerson Laks
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
- Clínica da Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22451-262, Brazil
| | - Andrea Deslandes
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22290-140, Brazil
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Jiang X, Cai Y, Wu X, Huang B, Chen Y, Zhong L, Gao X, Guo Y, Zhou J. The Multiscale Dynamics of Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Fluctuation Links to Functions in Older Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:833125. [PMID: 35295251 PMCID: PMC8920549 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.833125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The blood pressure (BP) is regulated by multiple neurophysiologic elements over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of continuous beat-to-beat BP series, which can be characterized by “BP complexity”, may, thus, capture the subtle changes of those elements, and be associated with the level of functional status in older adults. We aimed to characterize the relationships between BP complexity and several important functions in older adults and to understand the underlying factors contributing to BP complexity. Method A total of 400 older adults completed a series of clinical and functional assessments, a finger BP assessment of at least 10 min, and blood sample and vessel function tests. Their hypertensive characteristics, cognitive function, mobility, functional independence, blood composition, arterial stiffness, and endothelial function were assessed. The complexity of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP series was measured using multiscale entropy. Results We observed that lower SBP and DBP complexity was significantly associated with poorer functional independence (β > 0.17, p < 0.005), cognitive function (β > 0.45, p = 0.01), and diminished mobility (β < −0.57, p < 0.003). Greater arterial stiffness (β < −0.48, p = 0.02), decreased endothelial function (β > 0.42, p < 0.03), and excessed level of blood lipids (p < 0.03) were the main contributors to BP complexity. Conclusion Blood pressure complexity is closely associated with the level of multiple functional statuses and cardiovascular health in older adults with and without hypertension, providing novel insights into the physiology underlying BP regulation. The findings suggest that this BP complexity metric would serve as a novel marker to help characterize and manage the functionalities in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Jiang
| | - Yurun Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baofeng Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lilian Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- Yi Guo
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, MA, United States
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Jiang X, Cai Y, Wu X, Huang B, Chen Y, Zhong L, Gao X, Guo Y, Zhou J. The Multiscale Dynamics of Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Fluctuation Mediated the Relationship Between Frailty and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2482-2488. [PMID: 35143675 PMCID: PMC9799215 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) is an important cardiovascular output and regulated by neurophysiological elements over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of beat-to-beat BP fluctuation can be characterized by "BP complexity" and has been linked to age-related adverse health outcomes. We here aimed to examine whether BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty. METHOD This cross-sectional study was completed between January and October 2021. A total of 350 older adults completed assessments for frailty, arterial stiffness (ie, average brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity), and beat-to-beat finger BP. The complexity of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) BP series was measured using multiscale entropy. The relationships between frailty, BP complexity, and arterial stiffness were examined using analysis of variance and linear regression models. The effects of BP complexity on the association between arterial stiffness and frailty were examined using mediation analyses. RESULTS Compared with non-frail, prefrail, and frail groups had significantly elevated lower SBP and DBP complexity (F > 11, p < .001) and greater arterial stiffness (F = 16, p < .001). Greater arterial stiffness was associated with lower BP complexity (β < -0.42, p < .001). Beat-to-beat SBP and DBP complexity mediated the association between arterial stiffness and frailty (indirect effects >0.28), accounting for at least 47% of its total effects on frailty (mediated proportion: SBP: 50%, DBP: 47%). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the association between BP complexity and frailty in older adults, and BP complexity mediates the association between arterial stiffness and frailty, suggesting that this metric would serve as a marker to help characterize important functions in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurun Cai
- Department of Health and Community Systems, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofeng Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilian Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Address correspondence to: Yi Guo, MD, Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, 1017 Dongmen Rd N, Luohu District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, People’s Republic of China. E-mail:
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Roslindale, Maryland, USA,Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Li Q, Guo Z, Liu F, Liu Y, Bao D, Zhou J. The Effects of Altitude-related Hypoxia Exposure on the Multiscale Dynamics of Blood Pressure Fluctuation During Sleep: The Observation from a Pilot Study. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:1147-1155. [PMID: 34290536 PMCID: PMC8289331 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s319031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose exposure to hypoxia in high altitudes severely impairs the sleep quality and the related cardiovascular regulation, including the blood pressure (BP) regulation. BP regulation depends upon the continuous interaction of components over multiple temporal scales. As such, the dynamics of BP fluctuation are complex, and BP complexity has been linked to several pathological events. However, the effects of the exposure to hypoxia on BP complexity during sleep remain unknown. METHODS Twenty-five younger men naïve to high-altitude sleep (apnea severity as assessed by hypoxia apnea index (AHI): normal=8; moderate=9; severe=8) completed one nocturnal sleep under each of the three altitudes: 0 (ie, baseline), 2000, and 4000 m. The sleep characteristics and oxygen saturation (ie, SpO2) were assessed using polysomnography (PSG). The beat-to-beat BP fluctuation was recorded using a finger-blood-pressure sensor. Multiscale entropy (MSE) was used to characterize the complexity of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP fluctuations, and lower MSE reflected lower complexity. RESULTS Compared to 0-m condition, SBP (p=0.0003) and DBP (F=12.1, p=0.0002) complexity, SpO2 (p<0.0001) and REM ratio (p<0.0090) were decreased, AHI was increased (p=0.0004) in 2000-m and even more in 4000-m conditions. In addition, lower BP complexity was associated with greater AHI (r=-0.66~0.52, p=0.0010), lower SpO2 (r=0.48~0.51, p=0.0100~0.0200) and lower REM ratio (r=0.48~0.52, p=0.0200). Participants with greater percent reduction in BP complexity between altitudes had greater percent reduction in REM ratio and SpO2 (r=0.38~0.45, p=0.0090~0.0200), after adjustment for age, BMI, baseline apnea and altitude. CONCLUSION These results suggested that the characterization of BP complexity may provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms through which the exposure to hypoxia affects cardiovascular health during sleep, as well as sleep quality. This BP complexity may serve as a novel marker to help the management of cardiovascular health and sleep quality in high-altitude living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Guo
- Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzheng Liu
- School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- National Team Performance Training Center, National Sports Training Center, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Zhou
- Hebrew SeniorLife Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02131, USA
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