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Frau L, Jonaitis E, Langhough RE, Zuelsdorff M, Okonkwo O, Bruno D. The role of cognitive reserve and depression on executive function in older adults: A 10-year study from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39180168 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2388904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The current study examined the longitudinal relationship between cognitive reserve (CR), depression, and executive function (EF) in a cohort of older adults. Methods: 416 participants were selected from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. They were native English speakers, aged ≥50+, and cognitively unimpaired at baseline, with no history of neurological or other psychiatric disorders aside from depression. Depression was assessed with the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). A composite score, based on the premorbid IQ (WRAT-3 Reading subtest) and years of education was used to estimate CR. Another composite score from four cognitive tests was used to estimate EF. A moderation analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of CR and Depression on EF at follow-up after controlling for age, gender, and APOE risk score. Moreover, a multinomial logistic regression was used to predict conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from the healthy baseline. Results: The negative relationship between depression and EF was stronger in individuals with higher CR levels, suggesting a possible floor effect at lower CR levels. In the multinomial regression, the interaction between CR and depression predicted conversion to MCI status, indicating that lower CR paired with more severe depression at baseline was associated with a higher risk of subsequent impairment. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between depression and EF over time, suggesting that the association may be influenced by varying levels of CR. Further studies may replicate these findings in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frau
- School of Psychology, Liverpool, John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - Erin Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca E Langhough
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Nursing (MZ), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool, John Moores University, United Kingdom
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Ronat L, Hanganu A, Chylinski D, Van Egroo M, Narbutas J, Besson G, Muto V, Schmidt C, Bahri MA, Phillips C, Salmon E, Maquet P, Vandewalle G, Collette F, Bastin C. Prediction of cognitive decline in healthy aging based on neuropsychiatric symptoms and PET-biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:2067-2077. [PMID: 38114820 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) have been associated with a risk of accelerated cognitive decline or conversion to dementia of the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) type. Moreover, the NPS were also associated with higher AD biomarkers (brain tau and amyloid burden) even in non-demented patients. But the effect of the relationship between NPS and biomarkers on cognitive decline has not yet been studied. This work aims to assess the relationship between longitudinal cognitive changes and NPS, specifically depression and anxiety, in association with AD biomarkers in healthy middle-aged to older participants. The cohort consisted of 101 healthy participants aged 50-70 years, 66 of whom had neuropsychological assessments of memory, executive functions, and global cognition at a 2-year follow-up. At baseline, NPS were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories while brain tau and amyloid loads were measured using positron emission topography. For tau burden, THK5351 uptake is used as a proxy of tau and neuroinflammation. Participants, declining or remaining stable at follow-up, were categorized into groups for each cognitive domain. Group classification was investigated using binary logistic regressions based on combined AD biomarkers and the two NPS. The results showed that an association between anxiety and prefrontal amyloid burden significantly classified episodic memory decline, while the classification of global cognitive decline involved temporal and occipital amyloid burden but not NPS. Moreover, depression together with prefrontal and hippocampal tau burden were associated with a decline in memory. The classification of participants based on executive decline was related to depression and mainly prefrontal tau burden. These findings suggest that the combination of NPS and brain biomarkers of AD predicts the occurrence of cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Ronat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Hanganu
- Research Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Montreal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daphné Chylinski
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Justinas Narbutas
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Besson
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Muto
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
- F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre-In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
- F.R.S.-Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium.
- Bât. B30 GIGA CRC In Vivo Imaging - Aging and Memory, Quartier Agora, Allée du 6 Août 8, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
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Koshmanova E, Berger A, Beckers E, Campbell I, Mortazavi N, Sharifpour R, Paparella I, Balda F, Berthomier C, Degueldre C, Salmon E, Lamalle L, Bastin C, Van Egroo M, Phillips C, Maquet P, Collette F, Muto V, Chylinski D, Jacobs HI, Talwar P, Sherif S, Vandewalle G. Locus coeruleus activity while awake is associated with REM sleep quality in older individuals. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172008. [PMID: 37698926 PMCID: PMC10619502 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDThe locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of norepinephrine in the brain and regulates arousal and sleep. Animal research shows that it plays important roles in the transition between sleep and wakefulness, and between slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). It is unclear, however, whether the activity of the LC predicts sleep variability in humans.METHODSWe used 7-Tesla functional MRI, sleep electroencephalography (EEG), and a sleep questionnaire to test whether the LC activity during wakefulness was associated with sleep quality in 33 healthy younger (~22 years old; 28 women, 5 men) and 19 older (~61 years old; 14 women, 5 men) individuals.RESULTSWe found that, in older but not in younger participants, higher LC activity, as probed during an auditory attentional task, was associated with worse subjective sleep quality and with lower power over the EEG theta band during REMS. The results remained robust even when accounting for the age-related changes in the integrity of the LC.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that LC activity correlates with the perception of the sleep quality and an essential oscillatory mode of REMS, and we found that the LC may be an important target in the treatment of sleep- and age-related diseases.FUNDINGThis work was supported by Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, T.0242.19 & J. 0222.20), Action de Recherche Concertée - Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (ARC SLEEPDEM 17/27-09), Fondation Recherche Alzheimer (SAO-FRA 2019/0025), ULiège, and European Regional Development Fund (Radiomed & Biomed-Hub).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Koshmanova
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Berger
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Elise Beckers
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Islay Campbell
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Nasrin Mortazavi
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Roya Sharifpour
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Ilenia Paparella
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Fermin Balda
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Degueldre
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
- PsyNCog and
| | - Laurent Lamalle
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- PsyNCog and
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Phillips
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- In Silico Medicine Unit, GIGA-Institute, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- PsyNCog and
| | - Vincenzo Muto
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Daphne Chylinski
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Heidi I.L. Jacobs
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Puneet Talwar
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Sleep and Chronobiology Lab, GIGA-Institute, CRC-In Vivo Imaging Unit, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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del Ser T, Valeriano-Lorenzo E, Jáñez-Escalada L, Ávila-Villanueva M, Frades B, Zea MA, Valentí M, Zhang L, Fernández-Blázquez MA. Dimensions of cognitive reserve and their predictive power of cognitive performance and decline in the elderly. FRONTIERS IN DEMENTIA 2023; 2:1099059. [PMID: 39081990 PMCID: PMC11285562 DOI: 10.3389/frdem.2023.1099059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Background The relative importance of different components of cognitive reserve (CR), as well as their differences by gender, are poorly established. Objective To explore several dimensions of CR, their differences by gender, and their effects on cognitive performance and trajectory in a cohort of older people without relevant psychiatric, neurologic, or systemic conditions. Methods Twenty-one variables related to the education, occupation, social activities, and life habits of 1,093 home-dwelling and cognitively healthy individuals, between 68 and 86 years old, were explored using factorial analyses to delineate several dimensions of CR. These dimensions were contrasted with baseline cognitive performance, follow-up over 5 years of participants' cognitive trajectory, conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and brain volumes using regression and growth curve models, controlling for gender, age, marital status, number of medications, trait anxiety, depression, and ApoE genotype. Results Five highly intercorrelated dimensions of CR were identified, with some differences in their structure and effects based on gender. Three of them, education/occupation, midlife cognitive activities, and leisure activities, were significantly associated with late-life cognitive performance, accounting for more than 20% of its variance. The education/occupation had positive effect on the rate of cognitive decline during the 5-year follow up in individuals with final diagnosis of MCI but showed a reduced risk for MCI in men. None of these dimensions showed significant relationships with gray or white matter volumes. Conclusion Proxy markers of CR can be represented by five interrelated dimensions. Education/occupation, midlife cognitive activities, and leisure activities are associated with better cognitive performance in old age and provide a buffer against cognitive impairment. Education/occupation may delay the clinical onset of MCI and is also associated with the rate of change in cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro del Ser
- Clinical Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Jáñez-Escalada
- Clinical Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Knowledge Technology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Belén Frades
- Clinical Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Ascensión Zea
- Clinical Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Valentí
- Clinical Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda Zhang
- Neuroimaging Department, Alzheimer's Center Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, Madrid, Spain
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Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Maldonado AI, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Weiss J, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Allostatic Load and Cognitive Function Among Urban Adults in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:425-443. [PMID: 36776055 PMCID: PMC10896260 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional studies have linked cognition to allostatic load (AL) which reflects multisystem dysregulation from life course exposure to stressors. OBJECTIVE To examine baseline and changes in AL and their relationships with 11 cognitive function test scores, while exploring health disparities according to sex and race. METHODS Longitudinal [Visit 1 (2004-2009) and Visit 2 (2009-2013)] data were analyzed from 2,223 Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span participants. We calculated AL total score using cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory risk indicators, and applied group-based trajectory modeling to define AL change. RESULTS Overall and stratum-specific relationships were evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression models that controlled for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. Baseline AL was significantly associated with higher log-transformed Part A Trail Making Test score [Loge (TRAILS A)] (β= 0.020, p = 0.004) and increasing AL was associated with higher Benton Visual Retention Test score [BVRT] (β= 0.35, p = 0.002) at baseline, in models that controlled for age, sex, race, poverty status, education, literacy, smoking, drug use, the 2010 healthy eating index and body mass index. Baseline AL and AL change were not related to change in cognitive function between visits. There were no statistically significant interaction effects by sex or race in fully-adjusted models. CONCLUSION At baseline, AL was associated with worse attention or executive functioning. Increasing AL was associated with worse non-verbal memory or visuo-constructional abilities at baseline. AL was not related to change in cognitive function over time, and relationships did not vary by sex or race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind A. Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana I. Maldonado
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie T. Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Stanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gu H, Yao X, Diao C, Liu M, Kong W, Liu H, Zhao Y, Meng Z. Global cognitive function is associated with sex, educational level, occupation type, and speech recognition rate in older Chinese adults: a single-center, prospective, cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:947. [PMID: 36482356 PMCID: PMC9733133 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cognitive impairment may be delayed if its risk factors are identified and detected, if its developmental trend can be predicted, and if early intervention can be performed. This study primarily aimed to investigate the association between global cognitive function and hearing loss, educational level, and occupation type and to determine any differences in such associations according to sex among older Chinese adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we prospectively recruited 219 individuals above 55 years old in an otolaryngology outpatient clinic who could write independently and had no severe vision impairment. Audiometric examinations included otoscopy, acoustic immittance, pure-tone audiometry, and speech audiometry for each ear. Cognitive function was evaluated by using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between variables and MMSE scores after adjusting for independent variables that were statistically significant in the univariable analyses. RESULTS We enrolled 219 individuals: 98 men (mean ± standard deviation age, 63.08 ± 6.64 years) and 121 women (62.64 ± 7.17 years). The overall MMSE scores of the normal hearing group and the mild, moderate, and severe-to-profound hearing loss groups were 24.00 (5.00), 24.00 (5.00), 23.00 (5.00), and 23.00 (13.00), respectively. MMSE scores were higher among participants with higher educational levels (p < 0.001) and were significantly correlated with occupation type (p < 0.001). MMSE scores were significantly higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). However, after the analysis of the five subdomains, significant differences were only observed for attention and calculation (p < 0.001) and language (p = 0.011). We further compared the distribution of educational levels between men and women by using the chi-square test; there was no significant difference in educational level between the sexes (p = 0.070). CONCLUSIONS We reported statistically significant relationships between global cognitive function and sex, educational level, and occupation type. Sex-specific strategies may be required to improve healthcare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Gu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Diao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Weili Kong
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Liu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hearing Center/Hearing and Speech Science Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Lane, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Narbutas J, Van Egroo M, Chylinski D, Bahri MA, Koshmanova E, Talwar P, Besson G, Muto V, Schmidt C, Luxen A, Balteau E, Phillips C, Maquet P, Salmon E, Bastin C, Vandewalle G, Collette F. Associations Between Cognitive Complaints, Memory Performance, Mood, and Amyloid-β Accumulation in Healthy Amyloid Negative Late-Midlife Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:127-141. [PMID: 34275899 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive complaints are gaining more attention as they may represent an early marker of increased risk for AD in individuals without objective decline at standard neuropsychological examination. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess whether cognitive complaints in late middle-aged individuals not seeking medical help are related to objective cognitive outcomes known as early markers for AD risk, concomitant affective state, and amyloid-β (Aβ) burden. METHODS Eighty-seven community-based cognitively normal individuals aged 50-69 years underwent neuropsychological assessment for global cognition, using Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite 5 (PACC5) score, and a more specific episodic memory measure. Affective state was based on self-assessment questionnaires for depression and anxiety. Aβ PET burden was assessed via [18F]Flutemetamol (N = 84) and [18F]Florbetapir (N = 3) uptake. Cognitive complaints were evaluated using Cognitive Difficulties Scale. RESULTS Higher cognitive complaints were significantly associated with lower episodic memory performance and worse affective state. Moreover, higher level of cognitive complaints was related to higher (but still sub-clinical) global Aβ accumulation (at uncorrected significance level). Importantly, all three aspects remained significant when taken together in the same statistical model, indicating that they explained distinct parts of variance. CONCLUSION In healthy Aβ negative late middle-aged individuals, a higher degree of cognitive complaints is associated with lower episodic memory efficiency, more anxiety and depression, as well as, potentially, with higher Aβ burden, suggesting that complaints might signal subtle decline. Future studies should untangle how cognitive complaints in healthy aging populations are related to longitudinal changes in objective cognition and AD biomarker correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Narbutas
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daphne Chylinski
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Ali Bahri
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Koshmanova
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Puneet Talwar
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Besson
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincenzo Muto
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christina Schmidt
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Balteau
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Phillips
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Maquet
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Collette
- GIGA-Institute, Cyclotron Research Centre/In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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