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Hamad MIK, Rabaya O, Jbara A, Daoud S, Petrova P, Ali BR, Allouh MZ, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin Regulates Developmental Desynchronization Transition of Neocortical Network Activity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:593. [PMID: 38786001 PMCID: PMC11118507 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
During the first and second stages of postnatal development, neocortical neurons exhibit a wide range of spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA). Towards the end of the second postnatal week, the SSA is replaced by a more sparse and desynchronized firing pattern. The developmental desynchronization of neocortical spontaneous neuronal activity is thought to be intrinsically generated, since sensory deprivation from the periphery does not affect the time course of this transition. The extracellular protein reelin controls various aspects of neuronal development through multimodular signaling. However, so far it is unclear whether reelin contributes to the developmental desynchronization transition of neocortical neurons. The present study aims to investigate the role of reelin in postnatal cortical developmental desynchronization using a conditional reelin knockout (RelncKO) mouse model. Conditional reelin deficiency was induced during early postnatal development, and Ca2+ recordings were conducted from organotypic cultures (OTCs) of the somatosensory cortex. Our results show that both wild type (wt) and RelncKO exhibited an SSA pattern during the early postnatal week. However, at the end of the second postnatal week, wt OTCs underwent a transition to a desynchronized network activity pattern, while RelncKO activity remained synchronous. This changing activity pattern suggests that reelin is involved in regulating the developmental desynchronization of cortical neuronal network activity. Moreover, the developmental desynchronization impairment observed in RelncKO was rescued when RelncKO OTCs were co-cultured with wt OTCs. Finally, we show that the developmental transition to a desynchronized state at the end of the second postnatal week is not dependent on glutamatergic signaling. Instead, the transition is dependent on GABAAR and GABABR signaling. The results suggest that reelin controls developmental desynchronization through GABAAR and GABABR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I K Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 5323, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Kinetics and Connectivity Properties of Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-Positive Inhibition in Layer 2/3 Medial Entorhinal Cortex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0441-21.2022. [PMID: 35105656 PMCID: PMC8856710 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0441-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive (Pvalb+) and somatostatin-positive (Sst+) cells are the two largest subgroups of inhibitory interneurons. Studies in visual cortex indicate that synaptic connections between Pvalb+ cells are common while connections between Sst+ interneurons have not been observed. The inhibitory connectivity and kinetics of these two interneuron subpopulations, however, have not been characterized in medial entorhinal cortex (mEC). Using fluorescence-guided paired recordings in mouse brain slices from interneurons and excitatory cells in layer 2/3 mEC, we found that, unlike neocortical measures, Sst+ cells inhibit each other, albeit with a lower probability than Pvalb+ cells (18% vs 36% for unidirectional connections). Gap junction connections were also more frequent between Pvalb+ cells than between Sst+ cells. Pvalb+ cells inhibited each other with larger conductances, smaller decay time constants, and shorter delays. Similarly, synaptic connections between Pvalb+ and excitatory cells were more likely and expressed faster decay times and shorter delays than those between Sst+ and excitatory cells. Inhibitory cells exhibited smaller synaptic decay time constants between interneurons than on their excitatory targets. Inhibition between interneurons also depressed faster, and to a greater extent. Finally, inhibition onto layer 2 pyramidal and stellate cells originating from Pvalb+ interneurons were very similar, with no significant differences in connection likelihood, inhibitory amplitude, and decay time. A model of short-term depression fitted to the data indicates that recovery time constants for refilling the available pool are in the range of 50-150 ms and that the fraction of the available pool released on each spike is in the range 0.2-0.5.
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Yokose J, Marks WD, Yamamoto N, Ogawa SK, Kitamura T. Entorhinal cortical Island cells regulate temporal association learning with long trace period. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:319-328. [PMID: 34400533 PMCID: PMC8372565 DOI: 10.1101/lm.052589.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Temporal association learning (TAL) allows for the linkage of distinct, nonsynchronous events across a period of time. This function is driven by neural interactions in the entorhinal cortical-hippocampal network, especially the neural input from the pyramidal cells in layer III of medial entorhinal cortex (MECIII) to hippocampal CA1 is crucial for TAL. Successful TAL depends on the strength of event stimuli and the duration of the temporal gap between events. Whereas it has been demonstrated that the neural input from pyramidal cells in layer II of MEC, referred to as Island cells, to inhibitory neurons in dorsal hippocampal CA1 controls TAL when the strength of event stimuli is weak, it remains unknown whether Island cells regulate TAL with long trace periods as well. To understand the role of Island cells in regulating the duration of the learnable trace period in TAL, we used Pavlovian trace fear conditioning (TFC) with a 60-sec long trace period (long trace fear conditioning [L-TFC]) coupled with optogenetic and chemogenetic neural activity manipulations as well as cell type-specific neural ablation. We found that ablation of Island cells in MECII partially increases L-TFC performance. Chemogenetic manipulation of Island cells causes differential effectiveness in Island cell activity and leads to a circuit imbalance that disrupts L-TFC. However, optogenetic terminal inhibition of Island cell input to dorsal hippocampal CA1 during the temporal association period allows for long trace intervals to be learned in TFC. These results demonstrate that Island cells have a critical role in regulating the duration of time bridgeable between associated events in TAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Kelly L, Seifi M, Ma R, Mitchell SJ, Rudolph U, Viola KL, Klein WL, Lambert JJ, Swinny JD. Identification of intraneuronal amyloid beta oligomers in locus coeruleus neurons of Alzheimer's patients and their potential impact on inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and neuronal excitability. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:488-505. [PMID: 33119191 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Amyloid β-oligomers (AβO) are potent modulators of Alzheimer's pathology, yet their impact on one of the earliest brain regions to exhibit signs of the condition, the locus coeruleus (LC), remains to be determined. Of particular importance is whether AβO impact the spontaneous excitability of LC neurons. This parameter determines brain-wide noradrenaline (NA) release, and thus NA-mediated brain functions, including cognition, emotion and immune function, which are all compromised in Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the expression profile of AβO in the LC of Alzheimer's patients and to probe their potential impact on the molecular and functional correlates of LC excitability, using a mouse model of increased Aβ production (APP-PSEN1). METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, using AβO-specific antibodies, confirmed LC AβO expression both intraneuronally and extracellularly in both Alzheimer's and APP-PSEN1 samples. Patch clamp electrophysiology recordings revealed that APP-PSEN1 LC neuronal hyperexcitability accompanied this AβO expression profile, arising from a diminished inhibitory effect of GABA due to impaired expression and function of the GABA-A receptor (GABAA R) α3 subunit. This altered LC α3-GABAA R expression profile overlapped with AβO expression in samples from both APP-PSEN1 mice and Alzheimer's patients. Finally, strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors (GlyRs) remained resilient to Aβ-induced changes and their activation reversed LC hyperexcitability. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a close association between AβO and α3-GABAA Rs in the LC of Alzheimer's patients, and their potential to dysregulate LC activity, thereby contributing to the spectrum of pathology of the LC-NA system in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kelly
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mohsen Seifi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ruolin Ma
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Scott J Mitchell
- Neuroscience, Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, UK
| | - Uwe Rudolph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William L Klein
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Neuroscience, Division of Systems Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, UK
| | - Jerome D Swinny
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Faini G, Del Bene F, Albadri S. Reelin functions beyond neuronal migration: from synaptogenesis to network activity modulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:135-143. [PMID: 33197872 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reelin, a glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix, has been the focus of several studies over the years, mostly for its role in cell migration. Here we report the role of this molecule and of its downstream pathways in post-mitotic neurons and how they contribute to neural circuit assembly, refinement and function. Accumulating evidence has pointed at a major role for Reelin in axonal guidance, synaptogenesis and dendritic spine formation. In particular, new evidence points at a direct role in axonal targeting and refinement at the target site. In addition, recent advances highlight new functions of Reelin in the modulation of synaptic activity, plasticity and behavior and in the direct regulation of GABA receptors expression and stability. We discuss these findings in the context of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Faini
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Shahad Albadri
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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Al-Absi AR, Qvist P, Okujeni S, Khan AR, Glerup S, Sanchez C, Nyengaard JR. Layers II/III of Prefrontal Cortex in Df(h22q11)/+ Mouse Model of the 22q11.2 Deletion Display Loss of Parvalbumin Interneurons and Modulation of Neuronal Morphology and Excitability. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4978-4988. [PMID: 32820460 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion has been identified as a risk factor for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders. Behavioral and cognitive impairments are common among carriers of the 22q11.2 deletion. Parvalbumin expressing (PV+) interneurons provide perisomatic inhibition of excitatory neuronal circuits through GABAA receptors, and a deficit of PV+ inhibitory circuits may underlie a multitude of the behavioral and functional deficits in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. We investigated putative deficits of PV+ inhibitory circuits and the associated molecular, morphological, and functional alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the Df(h22q11)/+ mouse model of the 22q11.2 hemizygous deletion. We detected a significant decrease in the number of PV+ interneurons in layers II/III of PFC in Df(h22q11)/+ mice together with a reduction in the mRNA and protein levels of GABAA (α3), a PV+ putative postsynaptic receptor subunit. Pyramidal neurons from the same layers further experienced morphological reorganizations of spines and dendrites. Accordingly, a decrease in the levels of the postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and a higher neuronal activity in response to the GABAA antagonist bicuculline were measured in these layers in PFC of Df(h22q11)/+ mice compared with their wild-type littermates. Our study shows that a hemizygotic deletion of the 22q11.2 locus leads to deficit in the GABAergic control of network activity and involves molecular and morphological changes in both the inhibitory and excitatory synapses of parvalbumin interneurons and pyramidal neurons specifically in layers II/III PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Rahman Al-Absi
- Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 99 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samora Okujeni
- Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad Raza Khan
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Simon Glerup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy; Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 99 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Berggaard N, Witter MP, van der Want JJL. GABA A Receptor Subunit α3 in Network Dynamics in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2019; 13:10. [PMID: 30930755 PMCID: PMC6428777 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC LII) contains the largest number of spatially modulated grid cells and is one of the first regions in the brain to express Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. The most common principal cell type in MEC LII, reelin-expressing stellate cells, are grid cell candidates. Recently we found evidence that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunits show a specific distribution in MEC LII, in which GABAA α3 is selectively associated with reelin-positive neurons, with limited association with the other principal cell type, calbindin (CB)-positive pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, the expression of α3 subunit decreases in mice between P15 and P25, which coincides with the emergence of stable grid cell activity. It has been shown that the α3 subunit undergoes specific developmental changes and that it may exert pro-inflammatory actions if improperly regulated. In this review article, we evaluate the changing kinetics of α3-GABAA receptors (GABAARs). during development in relation to α3-subunit expression pattern in MEC LII and conclude that α3 could be closely related to the stabilization of grid cell activity and theta oscillations. We further conclude that dysregulated α3 may be a driving factor in early AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Berggaard
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno P Witter
- Center for Computational Neuroscience, Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Center for Cortical Microcircuits, Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johannes J L van der Want
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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