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Braga JD, Komaru T, Umino M, Nagao T, Matsubara K, Egusa A, Yanaka N, Nishimura T, Kumrungsee T. Histidine-containing dipeptide deficiency links to hyperactivity and depression-like behaviors in old female mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150361. [PMID: 38972141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Carnosine, anserine, and homocarnosine are histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) abundant in the skeletal muscle and nervous system in mammals. To date, studies have extensively demonstrated effects of carnosine and anserine, the predominant muscular HCDs, on muscular functions and exercise performance. However, homocarnosine, the predominant brain HCD, is underexplored. Moreover, roles of homocarnosine and its related HCDs in the brain and behaviors remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated potential roles of endogenous brain homocarnosine and its related HCDs in behaviors by using carnosine synthase-1-deficient (Carns1-/-) mice. We found that old Carns1-/- mice (female 12 months old) exhibited hyperactivity- and depression-like behaviors with higher plasma corticosterone levels on light-dark transition and forced swimming tests, but had no defects in spontaneous locomotor activity, repetitive behavior, olfactory functions, and learning and memory abilities, as compared with their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. We confirmed that homocarnosine and its related HCDs were deficient across brain areas of Carns1-/- mice. Homocarnosine deficiency exhibited small effects on its constituent γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, in which GABA levels in hypothalamus and olfactory bulb were higher in Carns1-/- mice than in WT mice. In WT mice, homocarnosine and GABA were highly present in hypothalamus, thalamus, and olfactory bulb, and their brain levels did not decrease in old mice when compared with younger mice (3 months old). Our present findings provide new insights into roles of homocarnosine and its related HCDs in behaviors and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Braga
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan; Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Natural Resources, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite, 4122, Philippines
| | - Takumi Komaru
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Umino
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tomoka Nagao
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kiminori Matsubara
- Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Ai Egusa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Toshihide Nishimura
- Department of Food Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama, 350-0214, Japan
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan; Smart Agriculture, Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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2
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Zhang F, Ignatova VV, Ming GL, Song H. Advances in brain epitranscriptomics research and translational opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:449-463. [PMID: 38123727 PMCID: PMC11116067 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Various chemical modifications of all RNA transcripts, or epitranscriptomics, have emerged as crucial regulators of RNA metabolism, attracting significant interest from both basic and clinical researchers due to their diverse functions in biological processes and immense clinical potential as highlighted by the recent profound success of RNA modifications in improving COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Rapid accumulation of evidence underscores the critical involvement of various RNA modifications in governing normal neural development and brain functions as well as pathogenesis of brain disorders. Here we provide an overview of RNA modifications and recent advancements in epitranscriptomic studies utilizing animal models to elucidate important roles of RNA modifications in regulating mammalian neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptic formation, and brain function. Moreover, we emphasize the pivotal involvement of RNA modifications and their regulators in the pathogenesis of various human brain disorders, encompassing neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, we discuss potential translational opportunities afforded by RNA modifications in combatting brain disorders, including their use as biomarkers, in the development of drugs or gene therapies targeting epitranscriptomic pathways, and in applications for mRNA-based vaccines and therapies. We also address current limitations and challenges hindering the widespread clinical application of epitranscriptomic research, along with the improvements necessary for future progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Valentina V Ignatova
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Borrego MB, Chan AE, Ozburn AR. Regulation of alcohol drinking by ventral striatum and extended amygdala circuitry. Neuropharmacology 2022; 212:109074. [PMID: 35487273 PMCID: PMC9677601 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a complex psychiatric disorder that can be modeled in rodents using a number of drinking paradigms. Drinking-in-the-dark (DID) is widely used to model the binge/intoxication stage of addiction, and chronic intermittent ethanol vapor procedures (CIE) are used to induce dependence and model withdrawal/negative affect induced escalation of drinking. We discuss experiments showing the ventral striatum (vStr) and extended amygdala (EA) are engaged in response to ethanol in rodents through c-Fos/Fos immunoreactivity studies. We also discuss experiments in rodents that span a wide variety of techniques where the function of vStr and EA structures are changed following DID or CIE, and the role of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems studies in these ethanol-related outcomes. We note where signaling systems converge across regions and paradigms and where there are still gaps in the literature. Dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, as well as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)/CRF receptor signaling were found to be important regulators of drinking behaviors across brain regions and drinking paradigms. Future research will require that females and a variety of rodent strains are used in preclinical experiments in order to strengthen the generalizability of findings and improve the likelihood of success for testing potential therapeutics in human laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Borrego
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amy E Chan
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Angela R Ozburn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; VA Portland Health Care System, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Scaplen KM, Petruccelli E. Receptors and Channels Associated with Alcohol Use: Contributions from Drosophila. Neurosci Insights 2021; 16:26331055211007441. [PMID: 33870197 PMCID: PMC8020223 DOI: 10.1177/26331055211007441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a debilitating disorder that manifests as problematic patterns of alcohol use. At the core of AUD's behavioral manifestations are the profound structural, physiological, cellular, and molecular effects of alcohol on the brain. While the field has made considerable progress in understanding the neuromolecular targets of alcohol we still lack a comprehensive understanding of alcohol's actions and effective treatment strategies. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model for investigating the neuromolecular targets of alcohol because flies model many of the core behavioral elements of AUD and offer a rich genetic toolkit to precisely reveal the in vivo molecular actions of alcohol. In this review, we focus on receptors and channels that are often targeted by alcohol within the brain. We discuss the general roles of these proteins, their role in alcohol-associated behaviors across species, and propose ways in which Drosophila models can help advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Scaplen
- Department of Psychology, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Center for Health and Behavioral Studies, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emily Petruccelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
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Yin L, Zhu X, Novák P, Zhou L, Gao L, Yang M, Zhao G, Yin K. The epitranscriptome of long noncoding RNAs in metabolic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 515:80-89. [PMID: 33422492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have abundant content and extensive functions that regulate the expression of genes at multiple levels. Recently, transcriptome-wide analysis confirmed that RNA can undergo various chemical modifications in response to stimulation by the environment that further determine the action mechanisms of RNAs and expand the diversity of the transcriptome. Modifications that occur in lncRNAs can affect their expression and the regulation of downstream molecules by changing the secondary structure, splicing, degradation or molecular stability of lncRNAs. During the development of metabolic diseases, reversible RNA modifications show a complex transcriptional landscape. Although a wide quantity and variety of lncRNA modifications have been identified, the knowledge regarding their underlying actions in alcohol use disorders (AUDs), osteoporosis, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still in its infancy. Herein, we will focus on the epitranscriptomic modifications that occur on lncRNAs and the crosstalk between them that affect metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Yin
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China
| | - Petr Novák
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China
| | - Le Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Min Yang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China
| | - GuoJun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, China.
| | - Kai Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, China.
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Yamada S, Islam MS, van Kooten N, Bovee S, Oh YM, Tsujimura A, Watanabe Y, Tanaka M. Neuropeptide Y neurons in the nucleus accumbens modulate anxiety-like behavior. Exp Neurol 2020; 327:113216. [PMID: 32014439 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hypothalamus. We previously analyzed the behavior of transgenic mice exclusively expressing an unedited RNA isoform of the 5-HT2C receptor. These mice showed decreased NPY gene expression in the NAc and exhibited behavioral despair, suggesting that NAc NPY neurons may be involved in mood disorder; however, their role in this behavior remained unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the functional role of NAc NPY neurons in anxiety-like behavior by examining the impact of specific ablation or activation of NAc NPY neurons using NPY-Cre mice and Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus. Diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of NAc NPY neurons significantly increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze tests, compared with before toxin treatment. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of NAc NPY neurons reduced anxiety-like behavior in both behavioral tests compared with control mice. These results suggest that NPY neurons in the NAc are involved in the modulation of anxiety in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Yamada
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shyful Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Nienke van Kooten
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Sonny Bovee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoon-Mi Oh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tsujimura
- Department of Basic Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Basic Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Li Z, Lu Y, Liang S, Li S, Chen B, Zhang M, Xia M, Guan D, Verkhratsky A, Li B. Fluoxetine improves behavioural deficits induced by chronic alcohol treatment by alleviating RNA editing of 5-HT 2C receptors. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104689. [PMID: 31968217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The alcoholism and major depressive disorder are common comorbidity, with alcohol-induced depressive symptoms being eased by selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), although the mechanisms underlying pathology and therapy are poorly understood. Chronic alcohol consumption affects the activity of serotonin 2C receptors (5-HT2CR) by regulating adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) in neurons. Astrogliopathic changes contribute to alcohol addiction, while decreased release of ATP from astrocytes can trigger depressive-like behaviours in mice. In this study, we discovered that chronic alcohol treatment increased editing of RNA of 5-HT2CR via up-regulating the expression of ADAR2, consequently reducing the release of ATP from astrocytes induced by 5-HT2CR agonist, MK212. Moreover, SSRI antidepressant fluoxetine decreased the expression of ADAR2 through the transactivation of EGFR/PI3K/AKT/cFos signalling pathway. The increased release of astroglial ATP by MK212 which was suppressed by chronic alcohol consumption, and reduction in ADAR2 activity eliminated the RNA editing of 5-HT2CR increased by alcohol in vitro and recovered the release of ATP from astrocytes induced by MK212. Meanwhile, fluoxetine improved the behavioural and motor symptoms induced by alcohol addiction and decreased the alcohol intake. Our study suggests that the astrocytic 5-HT2CR contribute to alcohol addiction; fluoxetine thus can be used to alleviate depression, treat alcohol addiction and improve motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiong Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, The Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Beina Chen
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dawei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Baoman Li
- Practical Teaching Centre, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Tanaka M, Watanabe Y. RNA Editing of Serotonin 2C Receptor and Alcohol Intake. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1390. [PMID: 32009879 PMCID: PMC6971223 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2 CR) belongs to the superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors coupled to G proteins (GPCR). It is broadly distributed in the CNS and its expression is relatively high in the limbic system including the amygdala, nucleus accumbens (NAc), hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Based on its expression patterns and numerous pharmacological studies, 5-HT2 CR is thought to be involved in various brain functions including emotion, appetite, and motor behavior. Here, we review 5-HT2 CR and its relationship with alcohol intake with a particular focus on the involvement of 5-HT2 CR mRNA editing and its association with alcohol preference in mice. RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification mechanism. In mammals, adenosine is converted to inosine by the deamination enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2. 5-HT2 CR is the only GPCR subjected to RNA editing within the coding region. It has five editing sites in exon 5 that encode the second intracellular loop. Consequently, three amino acids residues (I156, N158, and I160) of the unedited receptor (INI) may be altered to differently edited isoforms, resulting in a change of receptor activity such as 5-HT potency and G-protein coupling. 5-HT2 CR in the NAc is involved in enhanced alcohol drinking after chronic alcohol exposure and alterations in 5-HT2 CR mRNA editing is important in determining the alcohol preference using different strains of mice and genetically modified mice. RNA editing of this receptor may participate in the development of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Department of Basic Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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