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Han QT, Yang WQ, Zang C, Zhou L, Zhang CJ, Bao X, Cai J, Li F, Shi Q, Wang XL, Qu J, Zhang D, Yu SS. The toxic natural product tutin causes epileptic seizures in mice by activating calcineurin. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:101. [PMID: 36894540 PMCID: PMC9998865 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tutin, an established toxic natural product that causes epilepsy in rodents, is often used as a tool to develop animal model of acute epileptic seizures. However, the molecular target and toxic mechanism of tutin were unclear. In this study, for the first time, we conducted experiments to clarify the targets in tutin-induced epilepsy using thermal proteome profiling. Our studies showed that calcineurin (CN) was a target of tutin, and that tutin activated CN, leading to seizures. Binding site studies further established that tutin bound within the active site of CN catalytic subunit. CN inhibitor and calcineurin A (CNA) knockdown experiments in vivo proved that tutin induced epilepsy by activating CN, and produced obvious nerve damage. Together, these findings revealed that tutin caused epileptic seizures by activating CN. Moreover, further mechanism studies found that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and voltage- and Ca2+- activated K+ (BK) channels might be involved in related signaling pathways. Our study fully explains the convulsive mechanism of tutin, which provides new ideas for epilepsy treatment and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wan-Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Linchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Fangfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qinyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Shi QQ, Tang JJ, Gao JM. Picrotoxane sesquiterpenoids: chemistry, chemo- and bio-syntheses and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:2096-2131. [PMID: 36106498 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00049k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to December 2021Picrotoxane sesquiterpenoids are a special category of natural products known to have a picrotoxane skeleton and are characterised by a highly oxidised cis-hydrindene core, lactone rings, and epoxide functionalities. Ever since the first picrotoxane was isolated from Menispermum cocculus in the early 19th century, these compounds have long attracted the attention of natural product chemists, synthetic chemists, and pharmacologists for their particular structures and powerful biological activities. This review extensively summarizes a total of 132 naturally occurring picrotoxane sesquiterpenoids, taking into account their distributions, structural classifications, chemical and bio-synthetic researches, and bioactivities. It provides a comprehensive and in-depth perspective for further investigation on picrotoxane sesquiterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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