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Kajita Y, Fukuda Y, Kawamatsu R, Oyanagi T, Mushiake H. Pentylenetetrazole kindling induces dynamic changes in GAD65 expression in hippocampal somatostatin interneurons. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173755. [PMID: 38527654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the mechanisms of epileptgenesis is impairment of inhibitory neural circuits. Several studies have compared neural changes among subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid-related (GABAergic) neurons after acquired epileptic seizure. However, it is unclear that GABAergic neural modifications that occur during acquisition process of epileptic seizure. METHODS Male rats were injected with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ kindling: n = 30) or saline (control: n = 15) every other day to observe the development of epileptic seizure stages. Two time points were identified: the point at which seizures were most difficult to induce, and the point at which seizures were most easy to induce. The expression of GABAergic neuron-related proteins in the hippocampus was immunohistochemically compared among GABAergic subtypes at each of these time points. RESULTS Bimodal changes in seizure stages were observed in response to PTZ kindling. The increase of seizure stage was transiently suppressed after 8 or 10 injections, and then progressed again by the 16th injection. Based on these results, we defined 10 injections as a short-term injection period during which seizures are less likely to occur, and 20 injections as a long-term injection period during which continuous seizures are likely to occur. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that hippocampal glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) expression was increased after short-term kindling but unchanged after long-term kindling. Increased GAD65 expression was limited to somatostatin-positive (SOM+) cells among several GABAergic subtypes. By contrast, GAD, GABA, GABAAR α1, GABABR1, and VGAT cells showed no change following short- or long-term PTZ kindling. CONCLUSION PTZ kindling induces bimodal changes in the epileptic seizure stage. Seizure stage is transiently suppressed after short-term PTZ injection with GAD65 upregulation in SOM+ cells. The seizure stage is progressed again after long-term PTZ injection with GAD65 reduction to baseline level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kajita
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fukuda
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Riho Kawamatsu
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori Oyanagi
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Zhang A, Xing Y, Zheng J, Li C, Hua Y, Hu J, Tian Z, Bai Y. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Modulates Neuron Recruitment and Neurotransmission Homeostasis of the Contralesional Cortex to Enhance Function Recovery after Ischemic Stroke. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21612-21625. [PMID: 38764659 PMCID: PMC11097180 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Stroke often results in long-term and severe limb dysfunction for a majority of patients, significantly limiting their activities and social participation. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitation approach aimed explicitly at enhancing upper limb motor function following a stroke. However, the precise mechanism remains unknown. This study explores how CIMT may alleviate forelimb paralysis in ischemic mice, potentially through structural and functional remodeling of brain regions beyond the infarct area, especially the contralateral cortex. We demonstrated that CIMT recruits neurons from the contralesional cortex into the network that innervates the affected forelimb, as evidenced by PRV retrograde nerve tracing. Additionally, we investigated how CIMT influences synaptic plasticity in the contralateral cortex by evaluating synaptic growth marker levels and neurotransmission's homeostatic regulation. Our findings uncover a rehabilitative mechanism by which CIMT treats ischemic stroke, characterized by increased recruitment of neurons from the contralateral cortex into the network that innervates the affected forelimb, facilitated by homeostatic regulation of neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjing Zhang
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- Department
of Neurological Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jiayuan Zheng
- Department
of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers
Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of
Acupuncture Research, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key
Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Shanghai
Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congqin Li
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hua
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- Department
of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical
Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers
Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of
Acupuncture Research, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key
Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Shanghai
Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department
of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
- National
Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Nguyen TXD, Kuo CW, Peng CW, Liu HL, Chang MY, Hsieh TH. Transcranial burst electrical stimulation contributes to neuromodulatory effects in the rat motor cortex. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1303014. [PMID: 38146544 PMCID: PMC10749301 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Transcranial Burst Electrical Stimulation (tBES) is an innovative non-invasive brain stimulation technique that combines direct current (DC) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) for brain neuromodulation. It has been suggested that the tBES protocol may efficiently induce neuroplasticity. However, few studies have systematically tested neuromodulatory effects and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms by manipulating the polarity of DC and TBS patterns. This study aimed to develop the platform and assess neuromodulatory effects and neuronal activity changes following tBES. Methods Five groups of rats were exposed to anodal DC combined with intermittent TBS (tBES+), cathodal DC combined with continuous TBS (tBES-), anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS+ and tDCS-), and sham groups. The neuromodulatory effects of each stimulation on motor cortical excitability were analyzed by motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) changes. We also investigated the effects of tBES on both excitatory and inhibitory neural biomarkers. We specifically examined c-Fos and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-65) using immunohistochemistry staining techniques. Additionally, we evaluated the safety of tBES by analyzing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Results Our findings demonstrated significant impacts of tBES on motor cortical excitability up to 30 min post-stimulation. Specifically, MEPs significantly increased after tBES (+) compared to pre-stimulation (p = 0.026) and sham condition (p = 0.025). Conversely, tBES (-) led to a notable decrease in MEPs relative to baseline (p = 0.04) and sham condition (p = 0.048). Although tBES showed a more favorable neuromodulatory effect than tDCS, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between these two groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, tBES (+) exhibited a significant activation of excitatory neurons, indicated by increased c-Fos expression (p < 0.05), and a reduction in GAD-65 density (p < 0.05). tBES (-) promoted GAD-65 expression (p < 0.05) while inhibiting c-Fos activation (p < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of cortical inhibition with tBES (-). The expression of GFAP showed no significant difference between tBES and sham conditions (p > 0.05), indicating that tBES did not induce neural injury in the stimulated regions. Conclusion Our study indicates that tBES effectively modulates motor cortical excitability. This research significantly contributes to a better understanding of the neuromodulatory effects of tBES, and could provide valuable evidence for its potential clinical applications in treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Dieu Nguyen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Kuo
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Ballon Romero SS, Fuh LJ, Hung SY, Lee YC, Huang YC, Chien SY, Chen YH. Electroacupuncture exerts prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects in a persistent dental pain model induced by multiple dental pulp injuries: GABAergic interneurons-astrocytes interaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213710. [PMID: 37954604 PMCID: PMC10639134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain within the trigeminal system, particularly dental pain, is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether single or multiple dental pulp injuries induce persistent pain, its association with trigeminal central nociceptive pathways and whether electroacupuncture (EA) provides prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects in a persistent dental pain model. Models of single dental pulp injury (SDPI) and multiple dental pulp injuries (MDPI) were used to induce trigeminal neuropathic pain. The signs of dental pain-related behavior were assessed using the mechanical head withdrawal threshold (HWT). Immunofluorescence and western blot protocols were used to monitor astrocyte activation, changes in apoptosis-related proteins, and GABAergic interneuron plasticity. SDPI mice exhibited an initial marked decrease in HWT from days one to 14, followed by progressive recovery from days 21 to 42. From days 49 to 70, the HWT increased and returned to the control values. In contrast, MDPI mice showed a persistent decrease in HWT from days one to 70. MDPI increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and decreased glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT1) expression in the Vi/Vc transition zone of the brainstem on day 70, whereas no changes in astrocytic markers were observed on day 70 after SDPI. Increased expression of cleaved cysteine-aspartic protease-3 (cleaved caspase-3) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), along with decreased B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), were observed at day 70 after MDPI but not after SDPI. The downregulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) expression was observed on day 70 only after MDPI. The effects of MDPI-induced lower HWT from days one to 70 were attenuated by 12 sessions of EA treatment (days one to 21 after MDPI). Changes in astrocytic GFAP, GS, and GLT-1, along with cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and GAD65 expression observed 70 days after MDPI, were reversed by EA treatment. The results suggest that persistent dental pain in mice was induced by MDPI but not by SDPI. This effect was associated with trigeminal GABAergic interneuron plasticity along with morphological and functional changes in astrocytes. EA exerts prolonged analgesic and neuroprotective effects that might be associated with the modulation of neuron-glia crosstalk mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lih-Jyh Fuh
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Hung
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Surgery, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chien
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu D, Fujihara K, Yanagawa Y, Mushiake H, Ohshiro T. Gad1 knock-out rats exhibit abundant spike-wave discharges in EEG, exacerbated with valproate treatment. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1243301. [PMID: 37830095 PMCID: PMC10566305 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1243301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the functional role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibition in suppressing epileptic brain activities such as spike-wave discharge (SWD), we recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) in knockout rats for Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (Gad1), which encodes one of the two GABA-synthesizing enzymes in mammals. We also examined how anti-epileptic drug valproate (VPA) acts on the SWDs present in Gad1 rats and affects GABA synthesis in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN), which is known to play an essential role in suppressing SWD. Methods Chronic EEG recordings were performed in freely moving control rats and homozygous knockout Gad1 (-/-) rats. Buzzer tones (82 dB) were delivered to the rats during EEG monitoring to test whether acoustic stimulation could interrupt ongoing SWDs. VPA was administered orally to the rats, and the change in the number of SWDs was examined. The distribution of GABA in the RTN was examined immunohistochemically. Results SWDs were abundant in EEG from Gad1 (-/-) rats as young as 2 months old. Although SWDs were universally detected in older rats irrespective of their Gad1 genotype, SWD symptom was most severe in Gad1 (-/-) rats. Acoustic stimulation readily interrupted ongoing SWDs irrespective of the Gad1 genotype, whereas SWDs were more resistant to interruption in Gad1 (-/-) rats. VPA treatment alleviated SWD symptoms in control rats, however, counterintuitively exacerbated the symptoms in Gad1 (-/-) rats. The immunohistochemistry results indicated that GABA immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the somata of RTN neurons in Gad1 (-/-) rats but not in their axons targeting the thalamus. VPA treatment greatly increased GABA immunoreactivity in the RTN neurons of Gad1 (-/-) rats, which is likely due to the intact GAD2, another GAD isozyme, in these neurons. Discussion Our results revealed two opposing roles of GABA in SWD generation: suppression and enhancement of SWD. To account for these contradictory roles, we propose a model in which GABA produced by GAD1 in the RTN neuronal somata is released extrasynaptically and mediates intra-RTN inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Fujihara
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohshiro
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Chunder R, Heider T, Kuerten S. The prevalence of IgG antibodies against milk and milk antigens in patients with multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202006. [PMID: 37492579 PMCID: PMC10364054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The pathophysiology of MS is complex and is said to be influenced by multiple environmental determinants, including diet. We and others have previously demonstrated how consumption of bovine milk can aggravate disease severity in MS patients, which can be explained by molecular mimicry between milk antigens and those expressed within the CNS. In this study we set out to identify alternatives to drinking cow milk which might be less detrimental to MS patients who have a genetic predisposition towards developing antibody titers against bovine milk antigens that cross-react with CNS antigens. Methods To this end, we screened 35 patients with MS and 20 healthy controls for their IgG reactivity against an array of animal-sourced milk, plant-based alternatives as well as individual antigens from bovine milk. Results We demonstrate that MS patients have a significantly higher IgG response to animal-sourced milk, especially cow milk, in comparison to healthy donors. We also show that the reactivity to cow milk in MS patients can be attributed to reactivity against different bovine milk antigens. Finally, our correlation data indicate the co-existence of antibodies to individual bovine milk antigens and their corresponding cross-reactive CNS antigens. Discussion Taken together, we suggest screening of blood from MS patients for antibodies against different types of milk and milk antigens in order to establish a personalized diet regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heider
- Clinic for Neurology, Klinikum St. Marien Amberg, Amberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Wei JA, Liu L, Song X, Lin B, Cui J, Luo L, Liu Y, Li S, Li X, So KF, Yan S, Zhang L. Physical exercise modulates the microglial complement pathway in mice to relieve cortical circuitry deficits induced by mutant human TDP-43. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112240. [PMID: 36924491 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is related to different neurodegenerative diseases, which leads to microglial activation and neuronal loss. The molecular mechanism driving neuronal death by reactive microglia, however, has not been completely resolved. In this study, we generated a mouse model by overexpressing mutant human TDP-43 (M337V) in the primary motor cortex, leading to prominent motor-learning deficits. In vivo 2-photon imaging shows an active approach of microglia toward parvalbumin interneurons, resulting in disrupted cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance. Proteomics studies suggest that activation of the complement pathway induces microglial activity. To develop an early interventional strategy, treadmill exercise successfully prevents the deterioration of motor dysfunction under enhanced adipocytic release of clusterin to block the complement pathway. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway by which TDP-43 induces cortical deficits and provide additional insights for the mechanistic explanation of exercise training in disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Wei
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Linglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xichen Song
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lanzhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510300, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510300, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Posa L, De Gregorio D, Lopez-Canul M, He Q, Darcq E, Rullo L, Pearl-Dowler L, Luongo L, Candeletti S, Romualdi P, Kieffer BL, Gobbi G. Supraspinal melatonin MT 2 receptor agonism alleviates pain via a neural circuit that recruits mu opioid receptors. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12825. [PMID: 35996205 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, through its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) (MTNR1B gene) MT2 , is implicated in analgesia, but the relationship between MT2 receptors and the opioid system remains elusive. In a model of rodent neuropathic pain (spared nerve injured [SNI]), the selective melatonin MT2 agonist UCM924 reversed the allodynia (a pain response to a non-noxious stimulus), and this effect was nullified by the pharmacological blockade or genetic inactivation of the mu opioid receptor (MOR), but not the delta opioid receptor (DOR). Indeed, SNI MOR, but not DOR knockout mice, did not respond to the antiallodynic effects of the UCM924. Similarly, the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the selective MOR antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP) blocked the effects of UCM924 in SNI rats, but not the DOR antagonist naltrindole (NTI). Electrophysiological recordings in the rostral-ventromedial medulla (RVM) revealed that the typical reduction of the firing activity of pronociceptive ON-cells, and the enhancement of the firing of the antinociceptive OFF-cells, induced by the microinjection of the MT2 agonist UCM924 into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) were blocked by MOR, but not DOR, antagonism. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that MT2 receptors are expressed in both excitatory (CaMKIIα+ ) and inhibitory (GAD65+ ) neuronal cell bodies in the vlPAG (~2.16% total), but not RVM. Only 0.20% of vlPAG neurons coexpressed MOR and MT2 receptors. Finally, UCM924 treatment induced an increase in the enkephalin precursor gene (PENK) in the PAG of SNI mice. Collectively, the melatonin MT2 receptor agonism requires MORs to exert its antiallodynic effects, mostly through an interneuronal circuit involving MOR and MT2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Posa
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy, Milano
| | - Martha Lopez-Canul
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qianzi He
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Leora Pearl-Dowler
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sanzio Candeletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brigitte Lina Kieffer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhuravleva ZN, Khutsyan SS, Zhuravlev GI. Ultrastructural Immunocytochemistry of GABAergic Cells in Neocortical Neurotransplants. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:490-493. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Neonatal Oxidative Stress Impairs Cortical Synapse Formation and GABA Homeostasis in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8469756. [PMID: 35663195 PMCID: PMC9159830 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8469756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal brain injury is often caused by preterm birth. Brain development is vulnerable to increased environmental stress, including oxidative stress challenges. Due to a premature change of the fetal living environment from low oxygen in utero into postnatal high-oxygen room air conditions ex utero, the immature preterm brain is exposed to a relative hyperoxia, which can induce oxidative stress and impair neuronal cell development. To simulate the drastic increase of oxygen exposure in the immature brain, 5-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hyperoxia (80% oxygen) for 48 hours or kept in room air (normoxia, 21% oxygen) and mice were analyzed for maturational alterations of cortical GABAergic interneurons. As a result, oxidative stress was indicated by elevated tyrosine nitration of proteins. We found perturbation of perineuronal net formation in line with decreased density of parvalbumin-expressing (PVALB) cortical interneurons in hyperoxic mice. Moreover, maturational deficits of cortical PVALB+ interneurons were obtained by decreased glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) protein expression in Western blot analysis and lower gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fluorescence intensity in immunostaining. Hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress affected cortical synaptogenesis by decreasing synapsin 1, synapsin 2, and synaptophysin expression. Developmental delay of synaptic marker expression was demonstrated together with decreased PI3K-signaling as a pathway being involved in synaptogenesis. These results elucidate that neonatal oxidative stress caused by increased oxygen exposure can lead to GABAergic interneuron damage which may serve as an explanation for the high incidence of psychiatric and behavioral alterations found in preterm infants.
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