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Chaklai A, O’Neil A, Goel S, Margolies N, Krenik D, Perez R, Kessler K, Staltontall E, Yoon HK(E, Pantoja M, Stagaman K, Kasschau K, Unni V, Duvoisin R, Sharpton T, Raber J. Effects of Paraquat, Dextran Sulfate Sodium, and Irradiation on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Gut Microbiome in A53T and A53T-L444P Mice. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:282. [PMID: 38540341 PMCID: PMC11154584 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous carriers of the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA) L444P Gaucher mutation have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). The GBA mutations result in elevated alpha synuclein (aSyn) levels. Heterozygous mice carrying one allele with the L444P mutation knocked-into the mouse gene show increased aSyn levels and are more sensitive to motor deficits following exposure to the neurotoxin (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) MPTP than wild-type mice. Paraquat (PQ), a herbicide, increases PD risk in most studies. Its effects on the brain involve alterations in the gut microbiome. Exposure to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), a mouse model of colitis, can be used to determine whether gut microbiome alterations are sufficient to induce PD-relevant phenotypes. We rederived the A53T-L444P and A53T mouse lines to assess whether PQ, PQ in combination with radiation exposure (IR), and DSS have differential effects in A53T and A53T-L444P mice and whether these effects are associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. PQ and PQ + IR have differential effects in A53T and A53T-L444P mice. In contrast, effects of DSS are only seen in A53T-L444P mice. Exposure and genotype modulate the relationship between the gut microbiome and behavioral performance. The gut microbiome may be an important mediator of how environmental exposures or genetic mutations yield behavioral and cognitive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Chaklai
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Abigail O’Neil
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Shrey Goel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Nick Margolies
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ruby Perez
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Kat Kessler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Elizabeth Staltontall
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Hong Ki (Eric) Yoon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Montzerrat Pantoja
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Kristin Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Vivek Unni
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Jungers Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Robert Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Thomas Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.K.); (T.S.)
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.); (S.G.); (N.M.); (D.K.); (R.P.); (K.K.); (E.S.); (M.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Decaestecker E, Van de Moortel B, Mukherjee S, Gurung A, Stoks R, De Meester L. Hierarchical eco-evo dynamics mediated by the gut microbiome. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:165-174. [PMID: 37863775 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The concept of eco-evolutionary (eco-evo) dynamics, stating that ecological and evolutionary processes occur at similar time scales and influence each other, has contributed to our understanding of responses of populations, communities, and ecosystems to environmental change. Phenotypes, central to these eco-evo processes, can be strongly impacted by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome shapes eco-evo dynamics in the host community through its effects on the host phenotype. Complex eco-evo feedback loops between the gut microbiome and the host communities might thus be common. Bottom-up dynamics occur when eco-evo interactions shaping the gut microbiome affect host phenotypes with consequences at population, community, and ecosystem levels. Top-down dynamics occur when eco-evo dynamics shaping the host community structure the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Decaestecker
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, KU Leuven, KULAK, Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Broos Van de Moortel
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Facility Life Sciences, KU Leuven, KULAK, Campus Kortrijk, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Shinjini Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aditi Gurung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), D-12587 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Raber J, Stagaman K, Kasschau KD, Davenport C, Lopes L, Nguyen D, Torres ER, Sharpton TJ, Kisby G. Behavioral and Cognitive Performance Following Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) from Tobacco Products Associated with Oxidative-Stress-Induced DNA Damage and Repair and Disruption of the Gut Microbiome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1702. [PMID: 37761842 PMCID: PMC10531154 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to second-hand Smoke (SHS) remains prevalent. The underlying mechanisms of how SHS affects the brain require elucidation. We tested the hypothesis that SHS inhalation drives changes in the gut microbiome, impacting behavioral and cognitive performance as well as neuropathology in two-month-old wild-type (WT) mice and mice expressing wild-type human tau, a genetic model pertinent to Alzheimer's disease mice, following chronic SHS exposure (10 months to ~30 mg/m3). SHS exposure impacted the composition of the gut microbiome as well as the biodiversity and evenness of the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent fashion. This variation in the composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome is also associated with several measures of cognitive performance. These results support the hypothesis that the gut microbiome contributes to the effect of SHS exposure on cognition. The percentage of 8-OHdG-labeled cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was also associated with performance in the novel object recognition test, consistent with urine and serum levels of 8-OHdG serving as a biomarker of cognitive performance in humans. We also assessed the effects of SHS on the percentage of p21-labeled cells, an early cellular marker of senescence that is upregulated in bronchial cells after exposure to cigarette smoke. Nuclear staining of p21-labeled cells was more prominent in larger cells of the prefrontal cortex and CA1 hippocampal neurons of SHS-exposed mice than in sham-exposed mice, and there was a significantly greater percentage of labelled cells in the prefrontal cortex and CA1 region of the hippocampus of SHS than air-exposed mice, suggesting that exposure to SHS may result in accelerated brain aging through oxidative-stress-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Departments of Neurology, and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Keaton Stagaman
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Kristin D. Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Conor Davenport
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Leilani Lopes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Dennis Nguyen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
| | - Eileen Ruth Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (K.S.); (K.D.K.); (T.J.S.)
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Glen Kisby
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Northwest, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA; (C.D.); (L.L.); (D.N.)
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Chaklai A, Canaday P, O’Niel A, Cucinotta FA, Sloop A, Gladstone D, Pogue B, Zhang R, Sunnerberg J, Kheirollah A, Thomas CR, Hoopes PJ, Raber J. Effects of UHDR and Conventional Irradiation on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance and the Percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ Cells in the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12497. [PMID: 37569869 PMCID: PMC10419899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of conventional and ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) electron irradiation on behavioral and cognitive performance one month following exposure and assessed whether these effects were associated with alterations in the number of immune cells in the hippocampus using flow cytometry. Two-month-old female and male C57BL/6J mice received whole-brain conventional or UHDR irradiation. UHDR mice were irradiated with 9 MeV electrons, delivered by the Linac-based/modified beam control. The mice were irradiated or sham-irradiated at Dartmouth, the following week shipped to OHSU, and behaviorally and cognitively tested between 27 and 41 days after exposure. Conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice showed impaired novel object recognition. During fear learning, conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and UHDR-irradiated mice also moved less during the baseline period (prior to the first tone). In irradiated mice, reduced activity levels were also seen in the home cage: conventional- and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the light period and UHDR-irradiated mice moved less during the dark period. Following behavioral and cognitive testing, infiltrating immune cells in the hippocampus were analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was lower in conventional- and UHDR-irradiated than sham-irradiated mice, suggesting that neutrophils might be particularly sensitive to radiation. The percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus was positively correlated with the time spent exploring the novel object in the object recognition test. Under the experimental conditions used, cognitive injury was comparable in conventional and UHDR mice. However, the percentage of CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6+ and CD45+ CD11b+ Ly6G- cells in the hippocampus cells in the hippocampus was altered in conventional- but not UHDR-irradiated mice and the reduced percentage of Ly6G+ CD45+ cells in the hippocampus might mediate some of the detrimental radiation-induced cognitive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Chaklai
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Pamela Canaday
- Knight Flow Cytometry Core OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Abigail O’Niel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.)
| | - Francis A. Cucinotta
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA;
| | - Austin Sloop
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - David Gladstone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Brian Pogue
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Jacob Sunnerberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Alireza Kheirollah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Charles R. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - P. Jack Hoopes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine, The Thayer School of Engineering, The Dartmouth Cancer Center, at Dartmouth College and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC), Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (A.S.); (D.G.); (J.S.); (A.K.); (P.J.H.)
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (A.C.); (A.O.)
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Raber J, Sharpton TJ. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:634-644. [PMID: 37607587 PMCID: PMC10953489 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research links the gut microbiome to neurodegenerative disorders. The gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis and affects behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Dysbiosis (a dysfunctional microbiome) drives increased intestinal permeability and inflammation that can negatively affect the brain via the gut-brain axis. Healthier metabolic and lipid profiles and cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome and gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related animal models, in cancer and cancer treatments, and in metabolic syndrome. We also discuss strategies to improve the gut microbiome and ultimately brain function. Because healthier cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes, increased efforts are warranted to develop therapeutic strategies for those at increased risk of developing neurological disorders and patients diagnosed with those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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Nguyen NM, Cho J, Lee C. Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: How to Study and Apply Their Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044047. [PMID: 36835459 PMCID: PMC9958597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM), the microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the regulation of brain homeostasis through bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. GM disturbance has been discovered to be related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has emerged as an enticing subject not only to understand AD pathology but also to provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this review, the general concept of the MGBA and its impacts on the development and progression of AD are described. Then, diverse experimental approaches for studying the roles of GM in AD pathogenesis are presented. Finally, the MGBA-based therapeutic strategies for AD are discussed. This review provides concise guidance for those who wish to obtain a conceptual and methodological understanding of the GM and AD relationship with an emphasis on its practical application.
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Kessler K, Giannisis A, Bial G, Foquet L, Nielsen HM, Raber J. Behavioral and cognitive performance of humanized APOEε3/ε3 liver mice in relation to plasma apolipoprotein E levels. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1728. [PMID: 36720957 PMCID: PMC9889814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma apolipoprotein E levels were previously associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), levels of cerebrospinal fluid AD biomarkers, cognition and imaging brain measures. Outside the brain, the liver is the primary source of apoE and liver transplantation studies have demonstrated that liver-derived apoE does not cross the blood-brain-barrier. How hepatic apoE may be implicated in behavioral and cognitive performance is not clear. In the current study, we behaviorally tested FRGN mice with humanized liver harboring the ε3/ε3 genotype (E3-human liver (HL)) and compared their behavioral and cognitive performance with that of age-matched ε3/ε3 targeted replacement (E3-TR) mice, the latter produces human apoE3 throughout the body whereas the E3-HL mice endogenously produce human apoE3 only in the liver. We also compared the liver weights and plasma apoE levels, and assessed whether plasma apoE levels were correlated with behavioral or cognitive measures in both models. E3-HL were more active but performed cognitively worse than E3-TR mice. E3-HL mice moved more in the open field containing objects, showed higher activity levels in the Y maze, showed higher activity levels during the baseline period in the fear conditioning test than E3-TR mice, and swam faster than E3-TR mice during training to locate the visible platform in the water maze. However, E3-HL mice showed reduced spatial memory retention in the water maze and reduced fear learning and contextual and cued fear memory than E3-TR mice. Liver weights were greater in E3-HL than E3-TR mice and sex-dependent only in the latter model. Plasma apoE3 levels were similar to those found in humans and comparable in female and male E3-TR mice but higher in female E3-HL mice. Finally, we found correlations between plasma apoE levels and behavioral and cognitive measures which were predominantly model-dependent. Our study demonstrates mouse-model dependent associations between plasma apoE levels, behavior and cognition in an 'AD-neutral' setting and suggests that a humanized liver might be sufficient to induce mouse behavioral and cognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Kessler
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andreas Giannisis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Bial
- Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, OR, 97062, USA
| | | | - Henrietta M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Broadbelt T, Mutlu-Smith M, Carnicero-Senabre D, Saido TC, Saito T, Wang SH. Impairment in novelty-promoted memory via behavioral tagging and capture before apparent memory loss in a knock-in model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22298. [PMID: 36566248 PMCID: PMC9789965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments and age-dependent memory deficits which have been studied using genetic models of AD. Whether the processes for modulating memory persistence are more vulnerable to the influence of amyloid pathology than the encoding and consolidation of the memory remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether early amyloid pathology would affect peri-learning novelty in promoting memory, through a process called behavioral tagging and capture (BTC). AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice and wild-type littermates were trained in an appetitive delayed matching-to-place (ADMP) task which allows for the assessment of peri-learning novelty in facilitating memory. The results show that novelty enabled intermediate-term memory in wild-type mice, but not in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice in adulthood. This effect preceded spatial memory impairment in the ADMP task seen in middle age. Other memory tests in the Barnes maze, Y-maze, novel object or location recognition tasks remained intact. Together, memory modulation through BTC is impaired before apparent deficits in learning and memory. Relevant biological mechanisms underlying BTC and the implication in AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Broadbelt
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Menekse Mutlu-Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Daniel Carnicero-Senabre
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK ,grid.5515.40000000119578126Present Address: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takaomi C. Saido
- grid.474690.8Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- grid.260433.00000 0001 0728 1069Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Szu-Han Wang
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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Tarawneh R, Penhos E. The gut microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: Complex and bidirectional interactions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104814. [PMID: 35934087 PMCID: PMC9637435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional alterations to the gut microbiome, referred to as gut dysbiosis, have emerged as potential key mediators of neurodegeneration and Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis through the "gut -brain" axis. Emerging data from animal and clinical studies support an important role for gut dysbiosis in mediating neuroinflammation, central and peripheral immune dysregulation, abnormal brain protein aggregation, and impaired intestinal and brain barrier permeability, leading to neuronal loss and cognitive impairment. Gut dysbiosis has also been shown to directly influence various mechanisms involved in neuronal growth and repair, synaptic plasticity, and memory and learning functions. Aging and lifestyle factors including diet, exercise, sleep, and stress influence AD risk through gut dysbiosis. Furthermore, AD is associated with characteristic gut microbial signatures which offer value as potential markers of disease severity and progression. Together, these findings suggest the presence of a complex bidirectional relationship between AD and the gut microbiome and highlight the utility of gut modulation strategies as potential preventative or therapeutic strategies in AD. We here review the current literature regarding the role of the gut-brain axis in AD pathogenesis and its potential role as a future therapeutic target in AD treatment and/or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, Center for Memory and Aging, Alzheimer Disease Research Center, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Elena Penhos
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 43210
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10
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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11
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Rhea EM, Banks WA, Raber J. Insulin Resistance in Peripheral Tissues and the Brain: A Tale of Two Sites. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1582. [PMID: 35884888 PMCID: PMC9312939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of insulin resistance has been around since a few decades after the discovery of insulin itself. To allude to the classic Charles Dicken's novel published 62 years before the discovery of insulin, in some ways, this is the best of times, as the concept of insulin resistance has expanded to include the brain, with the realization that insulin has a life beyond the regulation of glucose. In other ways, it is the worst of times as insulin resistance is implicated in devastating diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) that affect the brain. Peripheral insulin resistance affects nearly a quarter of the United States population in adults over age 20. More recently, it has been implicated in AD, with the degree of brain insulin resistance correlating with cognitive decline. This has led to the investigation of brain or central nervous system (CNS) insulin resistance and the question of the relation between CNS and peripheral insulin resistance. While both may involve dysregulated insulin signaling, the two conditions are not identical and not always interlinked. In this review, we compare and contrast the similarities and differences between peripheral and CNS insulin resistance. We also discuss how an apolipoprotein involved in insulin signaling and related to AD, apolipoprotein E (apoE), has distinct pools in the periphery and CNS and can indirectly affect each system. As these systems are both separated but also linked via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we discuss the role of the BBB in mediating some of the connections between insulin resistance in the brain and in the peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Rhea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.M.R.); (W.A.B.)
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - William A. Banks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (E.M.R.); (W.A.B.)
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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12
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Lu J, Hou W, Gao S, Zhang Y, Zong Y. The Role of Gut Microbiota—Gut—Brain Axis in Perioperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879745. [PMID: 35774608 PMCID: PMC9237434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the world population and advances in medical and health technology, more and more elderly patients are undergoing anesthesia and surgery, and perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is receiving increasing attention. The latest definition of PND, published simultaneously in November 2018 in 6 leading journals in the field of anesthesiology, clarifies that PND includes preoperatively cognitive impairment, postoperative delirium, delayed neurocognitive recovery, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction and meets the diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive impairment in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -fifth edition (DSM-5). The time frame for PND includes preoperatively and within 12 months postoperatively. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota regulates central nervous function and behavior through the gut microbiota - gut - brain axis, but the role of the axis in the pathogenesis of PND remains unclear. Therefore, this article reviews the mechanism of the role of gut microbiota-gut-brain axis in PND, so as to help explore reasonable early treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenlong Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sunan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Youming Zong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Youming Zong,
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