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Yang X, Zhang X, Cao J, Wu M, Chen S, Chen L. Routes and methods of neural stem cells injection in cerebral ischemia. IBRAIN 2023; 9:326-339. [PMID: 37786754 PMCID: PMC10527797 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a serious cerebrovascular disease with the characteristics of high morbidity, disability, and mortality. Currently, stem cell therapy has been extensively applied to a wide range of diseases, including neurological disorders, autoimmune deficits, and other diseases. Transplantation therapy with neural stem cells (NSCs) is a very promising treatment method, which not only has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, promoting angiogenesis, and neurogenesis effects, but also can improve some side effects related to thrombolytic therapy. NSCs treatment could exert protective effects in alleviating cerebral ischemia-induced brain damage and neurological dysfunctions. However, the different injection routes and doses of NSCs determine diverse therapeutic efficacy. This review mainly summarizes the various injection methods and injection effects of NSCs in cerebral ischemia, as well as proposes the existing problems and prospects of NSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Yu Yang
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jun‐Feng Cao
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Mei Wu
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Sheng‐Yan Chen
- School of Clinic MedicineChengdu Medical CollegeChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of new quinolylnitrones in in vitro and in vivo cerebral ischemia models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2865. [PMID: 36805655 PMCID: PMC9938201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a condition affecting an increasing number of people worldwide, and the main cause of disability. Current research focuses on the search for neuroprotective drugs for its treatment, based on the molecular targets involved in the ischemic cascade. Nitrones are potent antioxidant molecules that can reduce oxidative stress. Here we report the neuroprotective properties and the antioxidant power of the six new quinolylnitrones (QNs) 1-6 for their potential application in stroke therapy. QNs 1-4 are 2-chloro-8-hydroxy-substituted QNs bearing N-t-butyl or N-benzyl substituents at the nitrone motif located at C3, whereas QN5 and QN6 are 8-hydroxy QNs bearing N-t-butyl or N-benzyl substituents at the nitrone motif located at C2, respectively. In vitro neuroprotection studies using QNs 1-6 in an oxygen-glucose-deprivation model of cerebral ischemia, in human neuroblastoma cell cultures, indicate that all QNs have promising neuroprotective, anti-necrotic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant properties against experimental ischemia-reperfusion in neuronal cultures. QN6 stands out as the most balanced nitrone out of all tested QNs, as it strongly prevents decreased neuronal metabolic activity (EC50 = 3.97 ± 0.78 μM), as well as necrotic (EC50 = 3.79 ± 0.83 μM) and apoptotic cell death (EC50 = 3.99 ± 0.21 μM). QN6 showed high capacity to decrease superoxide production (EC50 = 3.94 ± 0.76 μM), similar to its parent molecule α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and the well-known anti-oxidant molecule N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Thus, QN6 demonstrated the highest antioxidant power out of the other tested QNs. Finally, in vivo treatment with QN6 in an experimental permanent stroke model elicited a significant reduction (75.21 ± 5.31%) of the volume size of brain lesion. Overall, QN6 is a potential agent for the therapy of cerebral ischemia that should be further investigated.
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Kim HY, Back DB, Choi BR, Choi DH, Kwon KJ. Rodent Models of Post-Stroke Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810750. [PMID: 36142661 PMCID: PMC9501431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications in stroke survivors. Concomitant vascular risk factors, including aging, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or underlying pathologic conditions, such as chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, white matter hyperintensities, or Alzheimer’s disease pathology, can predispose patients to develop post-stroke dementia (PSD). Given the various clinical conditions associated with PSD, a single animal model for PSD is not possible. Animal models of PSD that consider these diverse clinical situations have not been well-studied. In this literature review, diverse rodent models that simulate the various clinical conditions of PSD have been evaluated. Heterogeneous rodent models of PSD are classified into the following categories: surgical technique, special structure, and comorbid condition. The characteristics of individual models and their clinical significance are discussed in detail. Diverse rodent models mimicking the specific pathomechanisms of PSD could provide effective animal platforms for future studies investigating the characteristics and pathophysiology of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7563; Fax: +82-2-2030-5169
| | - Dong Bin Back
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Bo-Ryoung Choi
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ja Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
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Casanova-Carvajal O, Urbano-Bojorge AL, Ramos M, Serrano-Olmedo JJ, Martínez-Murillo R. Slowdown intracranial glioma progression by optical hyperthermia therapy: study on a CT-2A mouse astrocytoma model. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:355101. [PMID: 31082814 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanorods are promising agents for a wide range of biomedical applications. We report an optical hyperthermia method capable of inducing slowdown tumor progression of an experimental in vivo CT-2A glioblastoma tumor. The tumor model used in this research is based on the transplantation of mouse astrocytoma CT-2A cells in the striatum of mice by intracranial stereotaxic surgery. Two weeks after cell implant, the resulting tumor is treated by irradiating intratumoral injected gold nanorods, biofunctionalized with CD133 antibody (B-GNRs), using a continuous wave laser. Nanoparticles convert the absorbed light into localized heat (reaching up to 44 °C) due to the effect of surface plasmon resonance. A significant slowdown in CT-2A tumor progression is evident, by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, at one (p = 0.03) and two weeks (p = 0.008) after irradiation treatment. A notable deceleration in tumor size (15%-75%) as compared to the control untreated groups, it is observed. Thus, laser irradiation of B-GNRs is found to be effective for the treatment of CT-2A tumor progression. Similarities between the pre-clinical CT-2A tumor model and the human astrocytoma disease, in terms of anatomy, metastatic behavior and histopathology, suggest that hyperthermic treatment by laser irradiation of B-GNRs administered into high-grade human astrocytoma might constitute a promising alternative treatment to limit the progression of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Casanova-Carvajal
- Centro de Tecnología Biomédica (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, E-28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain. Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain. Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira (UNET), San Cristóbal 5001, Táchira, Venezuela
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Retrograde monosynaptic tracing through an engineered human embryonic stem cell line reveals synaptic inputs from host neurons to grafted cells. CELL REGENERATION 2019; 8:1-8. [PMID: 31205682 PMCID: PMC6557763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cr.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde monosynaptic tracing with EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus has been employed to identify the afferent and efferent connectivity of transplanted human embryonic stem (hES) cell-derived neurons in animal models. Due to the protracted development of transplanted human neurons in host animals, it is important that those transplanted cells express avian leukosis and sarcoma virus subgroup A receptor (TVA) and rabies glycoprotein G (Rgp) for a period of up to several months to enable identification of the synaptic inputs from host neurons to grafted neurons through this rabies virus-based method. Here, we report the generation of an engineered hES cell line through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting to the AAVS1 locus of an EnvA-pseudotyped rabies virus-based tool for retrograde monosynaptic tracing. This engineered hES cell line, named H1-CAG-GTRgp, expresses GFP, TVA and Rgp. Upon transplantation of H1-CAG-GTRgp-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) into the rat brain after traumatic injury, the grafted neurons derived from H1-CAG-GTRgp cells expressed GFP, TVA, and Rgp stably for up to 6 months post-transplantation and received robust synaptic inputs from host neurons in the target regions of the orthotopic neural circuitry. The retrograde monosynaptic tracing hES cell line provides an efficient approach to analyze transplant connectivity for the comprehensive assessment of host-donor cell innervation.
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Decker Y, Müller A, Németh E, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Fatar M, Menger MD, Liu Y, Fassbender K. Analysis of the vasculature by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded brains. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1001-1015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Le Friec A, Salabert AS, Davoust C, Demain B, Vieu C, Vaysse L, Payoux P, Loubinoux I. Enhancing Plasticity of the Central Nervous System: Drugs, Stem Cell Therapy, and Neuro-Implants. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:2545736. [PMID: 29391951 PMCID: PMC5748136 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2545736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke represents the first cause of adult acquired disability. Spontaneous recovery, dependent on endogenous neurogenesis, allows for limited recovery in 50% of patients who remain functionally dependent despite physiotherapy. Here, we propose a review of novel drug therapies with strong potential in the clinic. We will also discuss new avenues of stem cell therapy in patients with a cerebral lesion. A promising future for the development of efficient drugs to enhance functional recovery after stroke seems evident. These drugs will have to prove their efficacy also in severely affected patients. The efficacy of stem cell engraftment has been demonstrated but will have to prove its potential in restoring tissue function for the massive brain lesions that are most debilitating. New answers may lay in biomaterials, a steadily growing field. Biomaterials should ideally resemble lesioned brain structures in architecture and must be proven to increase functional reconnections within host tissue before clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Le Friec
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Salabert
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Radiopharmacy Department, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Carole Davoust
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Boris Demain
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Vieu
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSA, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Vaysse
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Loubinoux
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Tornero D, Tsupykov O, Granmo M, Rodriguez C, Grønning-Hansen M, Thelin J, Smozhanik E, Laterza C, Wattananit S, Ge R, Tatarishvili J, Grealish S, Brüstle O, Skibo G, Parmar M, Schouenborg J, Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Synaptic inputs from stroke-injured brain to grafted human stem cell-derived neurons activated by sensory stimuli. Brain 2017; 140:692-706. [PMID: 28115364 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanted neurons derived from stem cells have been proposed to improve function in animal models of human disease by various mechanisms such as neuronal replacement. However, whether the grafted neurons receive functional synaptic inputs from the recipient's brain and integrate into host neural circuitry is unknown. Here we studied the synaptic inputs from the host brain to grafted cortical neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells after transplantation into stroke-injured rat cerebral cortex. Using the rabies virus-based trans-synaptic tracing method and immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that the grafted neurons receive direct synaptic inputs from neurons in different host brain areas located in a pattern similar to that of neurons projecting to the corresponding endogenous cortical neurons in the intact brain. Electrophysiological in vivo recordings from the cortical implants show that physiological sensory stimuli, i.e. cutaneous stimulation of nose and paw, can activate or inhibit spontaneous activity in grafted neurons, indicating that at least some of the afferent inputs are functional. In agreement, we find using patch-clamp recordings that a portion of grafted neurons respond to photostimulation of virally transfected, channelrhodopsin-2-expressing thalamo-cortical axons in acute brain slices. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the host brain regulates the activity of grafted neurons, providing strong evidence that transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons can become incorporated into injured cortical circuitry. Our findings support the idea that these neurons could contribute to functional recovery in stroke and other conditions causing neuronal loss in cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marcus Granmo
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marita Grønning-Hansen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Thelin
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Smozhanik
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Cecilia Laterza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somsak Wattananit
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruimin Ge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jemal Tatarishvili
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shane Grealish
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, D-53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Galina Skibo
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, and State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine, 01024, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A11, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Schouenborg
- Neuronano Research Center, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, BMC B10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
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Gómez-Gonzalo M, Martin-Fernandez M, Martínez-Murillo R, Mederos S, Hernández-Vivanco A, Jamison S, Fernandez AP, Serrano J, Calero P, Futch HS, Corpas R, Sanfeliu C, Perea G, Araque A. Neuron-astrocyte signaling is preserved in the aging brain. Glia 2017; 65:569-580. [PMID: 28130845 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and are emerging as regulatory elements of neuronal and synaptic physiology by responding to neurotransmitters with Ca2+ elevations and releasing gliotransmitters that activate neuronal receptors. Aging involves neuronal and astrocytic alterations, being considered risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Most evidence of the astrocyte-neuron signaling is derived from studies with young animals; however, the features of astrocyte-neuron signaling in adult and aging brain remain largely unknown. We have investigated the existence and properties of astrocyte-neuron signaling in physiologically and pathologically aging mouse hippocampal and cortical slices at different lifetime points (0.5 to 20 month-old animals). We found that astrocytes preserved their ability to express spontaneous and neurotransmitter-dependent intracellular Ca2+ signals from juvenile to aging brains. Likewise, resting levels of gliotransmission, assessed by neuronal NMDAR activation by glutamate released from astrocytes, were largely preserved with similar properties in all tested age groups, but DHPG-induced gliotransmission was reduced in aged mice. In contrast, gliotransmission was enhanced in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, indicating a dysregulation of astrocyte-neuron signaling in pathological conditions. Disruption of the astrocytic IP3 R2 mediated-signaling, which is required for neurotransmitter-induced astrocyte Ca2+ signals and gliotransmission, boosted the progression of amyloid plaque deposits and synaptic plasticity impairments in APP/PS1 mice at early stages of the disease. Therefore, astrocyte-neuron interaction is a fundamental signaling, largely conserved in the adult and aging brain of healthy animals, but it is altered in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that dysfunctions of astrocyte Ca2+ physiology may contribute to this neurodegenerative disease. GLIA 2017 GLIA 2017;65:569-580.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie Jamison
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455
| | | | | | | | - Hunter S Futch
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610-0261
| | - Rubén Corpas
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455
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Kokaia Z, Tornero D, Lindvall O. Transplantation of reprogrammed neurons for improved recovery after stroke. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 231:245-263. [PMID: 28554399 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells such as fibroblasts, reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells, can be used to generate neural stem/progenitor cells or neuroblasts for transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that when grafted intracerebrally in animal models of stroke, reprogrammed neurons improve function, probably by several different mechanisms, e.g., trophic actions, modulation of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, cellular and synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection. In our own work, we have shown that human skin-derived reprogrammed neurons, fated to cortical progeny, integrate in stroke-injured neuronal network and form functional afferent synapses with host neurons, responding to peripheral sensory stimulation. However, whether neuronal replacement plays a role for the improvement of sensory, motor, and cognitive deficits after transplantation of reprogrammed neurons is still unclear. We conclude that further preclinical studies are needed to understand the therapeutic potential of grafted reprogrammed neurons and to define a road map for their clinical translation in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund, Sweden
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Serrano MP, Herrero-Labrador R, Futch HS, Serrano J, Romero A, Fernandez AP, Samadi A, Unzeta M, Marco-Contelles J, Martínez-Murillo R. The proof-of-concept of ASS234: Peripherally administered ASS234 enters the central nervous system and reduces pathology in a male mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017; 42:59-69. [PMID: 27636528 PMCID: PMC5373713 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease requires the development of multitarget drugs for treating the symptoms of the disease and its progression. Both cholinergic and monoamine oxidase dysfunctions are involved in the pathological process. Thus, we hypothesized that the development of therapies focused on these targets might be effective. We have developed and assessed a new product, coded ASS234, a multipotent acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase/monoamine oxidase A-B inhibitor with a potent inhibitory effect on amyloid-β aggregation as well as antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. But there is a need to reliably correlate in vitro and in vivo drug release data. METHODS We examined the effect of ASS234 on cognition in healthy adult C57BL/6J mice in a model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment that often accompanies normal and pathological aging. Also, in a characterized transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer disease, we examined the effects of short-term ASS234 treatment on plaque deposition and gliosis using immunohistochemistry. Toxicology of ASS234 was assessed using a quantitative high-throughput in vitro cytotoxicity screening assay following the MTT assay method in HepG2 liver cells. RESULTS In vivo, ASS234 significantly decreased scopolamine-induced learning deficits in C57BL/6J mice. Also, reduction of amyloid plaque burden and gliosis in the cortex and hippocampus was assessed. In vitro, ASS234 exhibited lesser toxicity than donepezil and tacrine. LIMITATIONS The study was conducted in male mice only. Although the Alzheimer disease model does not recapitulate all features of the human disease, it exhibits progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION ASS234 is a promising alternative drug of choice to treat the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration underlying Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Martínez-Murillo
- Correspondence to: R. Martinez-Murillo, Department of Translational Neurobiology, Neurovascular Research Group, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002-Madrid, Spain;
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Doncel-Pérez E, Nieto-Sampedro M. Aldynoglia cells and modulation of RhoGTPase activity as useful tools for spinal cord injury repair. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1043-5. [PMID: 27630672 PMCID: PMC4994431 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.187020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined approach in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy is the modulation of the cellular and molecular processes involved in glial scarring. Aldaynoglial cells are neural cell precursors with a high capacity to differentiate into neurons, promote axonal growth, wrapping and myelination of resident neurons. These important characteristics of aldaynoglia can be combined with specific inhibition of the RhoGTPase activity in astroglia and microglia that cause reduction of glial proliferation, retraction of glial cell processes and myelin production by oligodendrocytes. Previously we used experimental central nervous system (CNS) injury models, like spinal cord contusion and striatal lacunar infarction and observed that administration of RhoGTPase glycolipid inhibitor or aldaynoglial cells, respectively, produced a significant gain of functional recovery in treated animals. The combined therapy with neuro-regenerative properties strategy is highly desirable to treat SCI for functional potentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes, resulting in better locomotor recovery. Here we suggest that treatment of spinal lesions with aldaynoglia from neurospheres plus local administration of a RhoGTPase inhibitor could have an additive effect and promote recovery from SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Grupo de Química Neuro-Regenerativa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Toledo, Spain
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Khalili MA, Sadeghian-Nodoushan F, Fesahat F, Mir-Esmaeili SM, Anvari M, Hekmati-Moghadam SH. Mesenchymal stem cells improved the ultrastructural morphology of cerebral tissues after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:77-85. [PMID: 24737942 PMCID: PMC3984959 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes widespread disruption in the cerebral architecture.The process of SAH is complicated and many people lose their lives or become disabled after injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as good candidate for repair of cerebral damage. The aim was to assess the ultrastructural changes in the rat cerebral tissue after intravenous transplantation of MSCs. Female Wistar rats (8 per group) weighing 275~300 g were assigned to control (SAH+PBS) and experimental groups (SAH+MSCs).The samples from middle cerebral arterial wall and parietal cerebral tissue were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) according to standard protocol. Fine architectures of the vessel wall, including the contraction of the inner layer, smooth muscle layer,as well as neural cells were observed after SAH. Cerebral arterial wall and cortex, including neuronal and glial cells were injured post SAH. But, administration of MSCs improved the structural integrity of cerebral tissues. Changes were much more balanced with their relative improvement in some areas. The role of MSCs for repairing the injured cerebral tissues post experimental SAH was approved by electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Khalili
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghian-Nodoushan
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. ; Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Mir-Esmaeili
- Yazd ACECR Higher Education Institute, Yazd, Iran. ; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sistan & Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Morteza Anvari
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Garcia I, Kim C, Arenkiel BR. Genetic strategies to investigate neuronal circuit properties using stem cell-derived neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2012; 6:59. [PMID: 23264761 PMCID: PMC3524522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is anatomically and functionally complex, and prone to diverse forms of injury and neuropathology. Scientists have long strived to develop cell replacement therapies to repair damaged and diseased nervous tissue. However, this goal has remained unrealized for various reasons, including nascent knowledge of neuronal development, the inability to track and manipulate transplanted cells within complex neuronal networks, and host graft rejection. Recent advances in embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, alongside novel genetic strategies to mark and manipulate stem cell-derived neurons, now provide unprecedented opportunities to investigate complex neuronal circuits in both healthy and diseased brains. Here, we review current technologies aimed at generating and manipulating neurons derived from ESCs and iPSCs toward investigation and manipulation of complex neuronal circuits, ultimately leading to the design and development of novel cell-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Garcia
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA ; Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
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