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Peng Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Liu B, Zhang Z, Gong Z, Zhang X, Xia Y, You X, Wu J. Potential role of remimazolam in alleviating bone cancer pain in mice via modulation of translocator protein in spinal astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176861. [PMID: 39068975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a complex clinical challenge, with current treatments often falling short of providing adequate relief. Remimazolam, a benzodiazepine receptor agonist recognized for its anxiolytic effects, has emerged as a potential agent in managing BCP. This study explores the analgesic properties of remimazolam and its interaction with the translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, in spinal astrocytes. In the context of BCP, previous research has indicated that TSPO expression in spinal astrocytes may serve a protective regulatory function in neuropathic pain models. Building on this, the BCP mice received various doses of remimazolam on the 15th day post-inoculation, and pain behavior was assessed over time. The results showed that BCP induced an upregulation of TSPO and astrocyte activation in the spinal dorsal horn, alongside increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling and inflammatory cytokine expression. Remimazolam administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of pain behaviors, which corresponded with a decrease in both ERK pathway activation and inflammatory factor expression. This suggests that remimazolam's analgesic effects are mediated through its action as a TSPO agonist, leading to the attenuation of neuroinflammation and pain signaling pathways. Importantly, the analgesic effects of remimazolam were reversed by the TSPO antagonist PK11195, underscoring the pivotal role of TSPO in the drug's mechanism of action. This reversal also reinstated the heightened levels of ERK activity and inflammatory mediators, further confirming the involvement of TSPO in the modulation of these pain-related processes. These findings open new avenues for the therapeutic management of bone cancer pain, positioning remimazolam as a promising candidate for further investigation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Biying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zuojing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhihao Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yuefeng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xingji You
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Moreau N, Korai SA, Sepe G, Panetsos F, Papa M, Cirillo G. Peripheral and central neurobiological effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in neuropathic pain: a systematic review. Pain 2024; 165:1674-1688. [PMID: 38452215 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine (Ach) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is a successful and safe drug for the treatment of several neurological disorders. However, a wide and recent literature review has demonstrated that BoNT exerts its effects not only at the "periphery" but also within the central nervous system (CNS). Studies from animal models, in fact, have shown a retrograde transport to the CNS, thus modulating synaptic function. The increasing number of articles reporting efficacy of BoNT on chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), a complex disease of the CNS, demonstrates that the central mechanisms of BoNT are far from being completely elucidated. In this new light, BoNT might interfere with the activity of spinal, brain stem, and cortical circuitry, modulating excitability and the functional organization of CNS in healthy conditions. Botulinum toxins efficacy on CNP is the result of a wide and complex action on many and diverse mechanisms at the basis of the maladaptive plasticity, the core of the pathogenesis of CNP. This systematic review aims to discuss in detail the BoNT's mechanisms and effects on peripheral and central neuroplasticity, at the basis for the clinical efficacy in CNP syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Moreau
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie oro-faciale, EA 7543, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sohaib Ali Korai
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sepe
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fivos Panetsos
- Neurocomputing & Neurorobotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IdISSC), Hospital Clinico San Carlos de Madrid, Silk Biomed SL, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Papa
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cirillo
- Division of Human Anatomy, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks & Systems Biology, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Su Y, Verkhratsky A, Yi C. Targeting connexins: possible game changer in managing neuropathic pain? Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:642-659. [PMID: 38594094 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic debilitating condition caused by nerve injury or a variety of diseases. At the core of neuropathic pain lies the aberrant neuronal excitability in the peripheral and/or central nervous system (PNS and CNS). Enhanced connexin expression and abnormal activation of connexin-assembled gap junctional channels are prominent in neuropathic pain along with reactive gliosis, contributing to neuronal hypersensitivity and hyperexcitability. In this review, we delve into the current understanding of how connexin expression and function contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and argue for connexins as potential therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Su
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active substance screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China.
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Guo H, Yang L, Liu J, Chen L, Huang Y, Li J. KLF5 promotes the ossification process of ligamentum flavum by transcriptionally activating CX43. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:244. [PMID: 38622696 PMCID: PMC11020807 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ossification of ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a prevalent degenerative spinal disease, typically causing severe neurological dysfunction. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in the regulation of skeletal development. However, the mechanism KLF5 plays in OLF remains unclear, necessitating further investigative studies. METHODS qRT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining and western blot were used to measure the expression of KLF5. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining (ARS), and the expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Luciferase activity assay and ChIP-PCR were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS KLF5 was significantly upregulated in OLF fibroblasts in contrast to normal ligamentum flavum (LF) fibroblasts. Silencing KLF5 diminished osteogenic markers and mineralized nodules, while its overexpression had the opposite effect, confirming KLF5's role in promoting ossification. Moreover, KLF5 promotes the ossification of LF by activating the transcription of Connexin 43 (CX43), and overexpressing CX43 could reverse the suppressive impact of KLF5 knockdown on OLF fibroblasts' osteogenesis. CONCLUSION KLF5 promotes the OLF by transcriptionally activating CX43. This finding contributes significantly to our understanding of OLF and may provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubing Guo
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Lingxia Yang
- Department of Odermatology, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Liqi Chen
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- The First Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, Gansu, 741000, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Li GZ, Hu YH, Lu YN, Yang QY, Fu D, Chen F, Li YM. CaMKII and Ca V3.2 T-type calcium channel mediate Connexin-43-dependent inflammation by activating astrocytes in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:679-702. [PMID: 34286406 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR), an alkaloid isolated from vinca, is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug. However, VCR therapy can lead to dose-dependent peripheral neurotoxicity, mainly manifesting as neuropathic pain, which is one of the dominant reasons for limiting its utility. Experimentally, we discovered that VCR-induced neuropathic pain (VINP) was accompanied by astrocyte activation; the upregulation of phospho-CaMKII (p-CaMKII), CaV3.2, and Connexin-43 (Cx43) expression; and the production and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the spinal cord. Similar situations were also observed in astrocyte cultures. Interestingly, these alterations were all reversed by intrathecal injection of KN-93 (a CaMKII inhibitor) or L-Ascorbic acid (a CaV3.2 inhibitor). In addition, KN-93 and L-Ascorbic acid inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i associated with astrocyte activation. We also verified that knocking down or inhibiting Cx43 level via intrathecal injection of Cx43 siRNA or Gap27 (a Cx43 mimetic peptide) relieved pain hypersensitivity and reduced the release of inflammatory factors; however, they did not affect astrocyte activation or p-CaMKII and CaV3.2 expression. Besides, the overexpression of Cx43 through the transfection of the Cx43 plasmid did not affect p-CaMKII and CaV3.2 expressions in vitro. Therefore, CaMKII and CaV3.2 may activate astrocytes by increasing [Ca2+]i, thereby mediating Cx43-dependent inflammation in VINP. Moreover, we demonstrated that the CaMKII signalling pathway was involved in VCR-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial damage. Collectively, our findings show a novel mechanism by which CaMKII and CaV3.2 mediate Cx43-dependent inflammation by activating astrocytes in neuropathic pain induced by VCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhou Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yi-Ni Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing-Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Di Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yun-Man Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Tian SX, Xu T, Shi RY, Cai YQ, Wu MH, Zhen SJ, Wang W, Zhou Y, Du JY, Fang JF, Shao XM, Liu BY, Jiang YL, He XF, Fang JQ, Liang Y. Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on bone cancer pain in rat model: the role of peripheral P2X3 receptor. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:13-27. [PMID: 35478452 PMCID: PMC9984641 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of P2X3 receptor (P2X3R) has been strongly implicated in nociceptive signaling including bone cancer pain (BCP). The present study, using rat bone cancer model, aimed to explore the role of P2X3R in regulating rat pain behavior under the intervention of electroacupuncture (EA). The BCP model was successfully established by injection with MRMT-1 breast cancer cell into the medullary cavity of left tibia for 3 × 104 cells/3 μL PBS in rats as revealed by obvious bone destruction, decreased paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs), and reduced paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs). Western blot analyses showed that P2X3R expression was significantly upregulated in ipsilateral lumbar 4-6 (L4-6) dorsal root ganglia (DRG), but the difference not seen in spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). With the in-depth study of P2X3R activation, we observed that intrathecal injection of P2X3R agonist α,β-meATP aggravated MRMT-1 induced BCP, while injection of P2X3R inhibitor A-317491 alleviated pain. Subsequently, we demonstrated that BCP induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were attenuated after EA treatment. Under EA treatment, total P2X3R protein expression in ipsilateral DRGs was decreased, and it is worth mentioning that decreased expression of P2X3R membrane protein, which indicated that both the expression and membrane trafficking of P2X3R were inhibited by EA. The immunofluorescence assay showed that EA stimulation exerted functions by reducing the expression of P2X3R-positive cells in ipsilateral DRGs of BCP rats. Ca2+ imaging analysis revealed that the EA stimulation decreased the percentage of α,β-meATP responsive neurons in DRGs and inhibited calcium influx. Notably, the inhibitory effect of EA on mechanical allodynia and nociceptive flinches was abolished by intrathecal injection of α,β-meATP. These findings demonstrated EA stimulation ameliorated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rat model of MRMT-1-induced BCP. EA exerts analgesic effect on BCP by reducing the overexpression and functional activity of P2X3R in ipsilateral DRGs of BCP rats. Our work first demonstrates the critical and overall role of P2X3R in EA's analgesia against peripheral sensitization of MRMT-1-induced BCP and further supports EA as a potential therapeutic option for cancer pain in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Tian
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Yi Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Sanya Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yang-Qian Cai
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Hui Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Jia Zhen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Ying Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun-Fan Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong-Liang Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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Meng Y, Shen HL. Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor NR2B Subunit in Inflammatory Arthritis-Induced Chronic Pain and Peripheral Sensitized Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2005-2013. [PMID: 35880050 PMCID: PMC9307865 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s367982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a common clinical disease that affects millions of people in the world. The most common types of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis (IA), a chronic painful disease, is characterized by synovitis and cartilage destruction in the early stages. Pathologically, IA causes inflammatory changes in the joints and eventually leads to joint destruction. Pain is associated with inflammation and abnormal regulation of the nervous system pathways involved in pain promotion and inhibition. In addition, the occurrence of pain is associated with depression and anxiety. We found that there are many factors affecting pain, in addition to inflammatory factors, glutamate receptor may be the possible cause of long-term chronic pain caused by IA. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) has been reported to involved in IA and nervous system diseases, especially peripheral neuropathic pain. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of the NR2B subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in peripheral nerve sensitization during IA and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Pain, The Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Li Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Ji H, Jin X, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Zhu C, Yang Y, Tang Z, Yu G, Wang C. A Mouse Model of Cancer Induced Bone Pain: From Pain to Movement. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:873750. [PMID: 35813592 PMCID: PMC9259861 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.873750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer induced bone pain (CIBP) occurs in patients with advanced osteosarcoma or metastasized bone tumors that can negatively affects the patient's quality of life. However, motor impairment in CIBP is still understudied. To improve the quality of life of patients with CIBP, the study of CIBP induced movement impairment is of particular importance. Here, we presented a model of metastatic cancer induced bone pain caused by an allograft of Lewis lung cancer cells. In this method, we injected Lewis lung cancer cells into the femoral medulla cavity and recorded the pain behavior and motor behavior after CIBP surgery. We observed enhanced pain after the initial surgery. Interestingly, we found the latency on rotarod was significantly reduced concomitant with tumor growth and pain. This result indicated that the motor coordination and balance were severely impaired in CIBP. We also found the pain and motor behavioral differences in models that severed the patellar ligament vs. maintaining the patellar ligament. These findings provide a novel clue for further investigating the mechanisms responsible for the generation and development of CIBP.
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9
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Cliff CL, Williams BM, Chadjichristos CE, Mouritzen U, Squires PE, Hills CE. Connexin 43: A Target for the Treatment of Inflammation in Secondary Complications of the Kidney and Eye in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:600. [PMID: 35054783 PMCID: PMC8776095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Of increasing prevalence, diabetes is characterised by elevated blood glucose and chronic inflammation that precedes the onset of multiple secondary complications, including those of the kidney and the eye. As the leading cause of end stage renal disease and blindness in the working population, more than ever is there a demand to develop clinical interventions which can both delay and prevent disease progression. Connexins are membrane bound proteins that can form pores (hemichannels) in the cell membrane. Gated by cellular stress and injury, they open under pathophysiological conditions and in doing so release 'danger signals' including adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular environment. Linked to sterile inflammation via activation of the nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, targeting aberrant hemichannel activity and the release of these danger signals has met with favourable outcomes in multiple models of disease, including secondary complications of diabetes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on those studies which document a role for aberrant connexin hemichannel activity in the pathogenesis of both diabetic eye and kidney disease, ahead of evaluating the efficacy of blocking connexin-43 specific hemichannels in these target tissues on tissue health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsy L. Cliff
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life, Sciences University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (C.L.C.); (B.M.W.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Bethany M. Williams
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life, Sciences University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (C.L.C.); (B.M.W.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Christos E. Chadjichristos
- National Institutes for Health and Medical Research, UMR-S1155, Batiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 Rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Ulrik Mouritzen
- Ciana Therapeutics, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark;
| | - Paul E. Squires
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life, Sciences University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (C.L.C.); (B.M.W.); (P.E.S.)
| | - Claire E. Hills
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Life, Sciences University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK; (C.L.C.); (B.M.W.); (P.E.S.)
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Fan LJ, Kan HM, Chen XT, Sun YY, Chen LP, Shen W. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A/vascular endothelial growth factor2 signaling in spinal neurons contributes to bone cancer pain. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221075891. [PMID: 35083936 PMCID: PMC8874205 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221075891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis to bone is often accompanied by a severe pain syndrome (cancer-induced bone pain, CIBP) that is frequently unresponsive to analgesics, which markedly reduces patient quality of life and cancer treatment tolerance in patients. Prolonged pain can induce hypersensitivity via spinal plasticity, and several recent studies have implicated the involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signaling in this process. Here, we speculated that CIBP is associated with VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling in the spinal cord. A mouse model of CIBP was established by intramedullary injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in the mouse femur. Pain sensitization and potential amelioration via VEGF-A/VEGFR2 blockade were measured using paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency to thermal. Spinal VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling was blocked by intrathecal injection of the VEGF-A antibody or the specific VEGFR2 inhibitor ZM323881. Changes in the expression levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR2, and other pain-related signaling factors were measured using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Mice after LLC injection demonstrated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, both of which were suppressed via anti-VEGF-A antibody or ZM323881. Conversely, the intrathecal injection of exogenous VEGF-A was sufficient to cause pain hypersensitivity in naïve mice via the VEGFR2-mediated activation of protein kinase C. Moreover, the spinal blockade of VEGF-A or VEGFR2 also suppressed N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation and downstream Ca2+-dependent signaling. Thus, spinal VEGF-A/VEGFR2/NMDAR signaling pathways may be critical mediators of CIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Fan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hou-Ming Kan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou First People’s Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-ping Chen
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Pain Management, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, China
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11
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Yoshie M, Kusama K, Tanaka R, Okubo T, Kojima J, Takaesu Y, Isaka K, Nishi H, Tamura K. Possible Roles of Calreticulin in Uterine Decidualization and Receptivity in Rats and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10505. [PMID: 34638846 PMCID: PMC8509037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies have suggested that calreticulin (CALR), which is responsible for the folding and quality control of glycoproteins, may be associated with decidualization. However, its precise role in regulating decidualization has not been explored in vivo. Here, we used pregnant rat models to examine endometrial CALR expression during the peri-implantation period. We also examined whether polypectomy, a procedure that could ameliorate infertility, alters the endometrial expression levels of CALR and several implantation factors in women diagnosed as infertile. In rats, uterine CALR was expressed at a high level at the implantation site, and a marked increase in CALR expression was observed in decidual cells of normal pregnancy. In addition, endometrial CALR expression was enhanced by either administration of estradiol-17β in the delayed implantation rat model or the artificial induction of decidualization in the pseudopregnant rat. In cultured stromal cells, siRNA-mediated silencing of CALR inhibited the decidual stimulus-induced expression of prolactin, decidual/trophoblast prolactin-related protein, and connexin 43. In humans, the endometrial expression levels of the mRNAs encoding CALR and the implantation-related factor insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-7 tended to increase after polypectomy. The strongest positive correlation between expression levels before polypectomy was observed for IGFBP-7 and CALR, and the strength of this correlation increased after the surgery. Thus, endometrial CALR may play a role in the formation of decidua, and the polypectomy of infertile patients may result in the co-operative expression of endometrial factors, including CALR, that could enhance endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.K.); (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.K.); (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Risaka Tanaka
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.K.); (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Takanori Okubo
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.K.); (R.T.); (T.O.)
| | - Junya Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (J.K.); (K.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Yotaro Takaesu
- St. John’s Society Sakuramachi Hospital, Tokyo 184-8511, Japan;
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (J.K.); (K.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Hirotaka Nishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (J.K.); (K.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.Y.); (K.K.); (R.T.); (T.O.)
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12
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Zeng W, Fu L, Xu H. MicroRNA-206 relieves irradiation-induced neuroinflammation by regulating connexin 43. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1186. [PMID: 34475976 PMCID: PMC8406811 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been widely used for the treatment of various types of cancer; however, it may cause neuroinflammation during the pathological process of the disease. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system, have been confirmed to play vital roles in various diseases. Connexin (Cx)43, the main Cx type in astrocytes, which has been identified as a direct target gene of microRNA (miR)-206, was found to be involved in diseases pathologies in regions with astrocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism through which γ-radiation may cause astrocyte neuroinflammation and determine the specific mechanism underlying the effects of miR-206 in irradiation-induced HA-1800 cells. A dual-luciferase reporter system was used to predict and verify the target binding site between Cx43 and miR-206. HA-1800 cell viability and apoptosis were determined using a MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, the HA-1800 cells were induced by γ-radiation, then the protein and mRNA expression levels of Cx43, miR-206 and cleaved-caspase-3 were determined using western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses, respectively. ELISA was also performed to evaluate the concentrations of different inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6 and IFN-γ). The dual-luciferase reporter system indicated that Cx43 was a direct target of miR-206. miR-206 mimics increased the expression level of miR-206 in the astrocytes. Irradiation suppressed cell proliferation, increased apoptotic cells and enhanced cleaved-caspase-3 expression and inflammatory cytokines secretion in astrocytes. Furthermore, miR-206 was found to be downregulated and its expression was inversely associated with that of Cx43 in γ-radiation-induced astrocytes. Overexpression of miR-206 enhanced miR-206 and suppressed Cx43 expression, while Cx43 was upregulated in HA-1800 cells transfected with miR-206 mimic + Cx43-plasmid. However, the expression level of miR-206 was not significantly different in the Cx43-plasmid transfected group. In addition, it was found that miR-206 mimics relieved irradiation-induced neuroinflammation, which was confirmed by increased cell viability, and reduced cell apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, as well as decreased inflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, all the effects of miR-206 mimics on γ-radiation-induced astrocytes were reversed by Cx43-plasmid. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that miR-206 may relieve irradiation-induced neural damage by regulating Cx43, which may provide a novel research direction and a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of inflammation-associated neuronal injury following irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, P.R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, P.R. China
| | - Hongfang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, Hubei 430019, P.R. China
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13
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Uniyal A, Thakur V, Rani M, Tiwari V, Akhilesh, Gadepalli A, Ummadisetty O, Modi A, Tiwari V. Kinesin Nanomotors Mediated Trafficking of NMDA-Loaded Cargo as A Novel Target in Chronic Pain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2956-2963. [PMID: 34324307 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is among the most prevalent burdensome disorders worldwide. The N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system plays a critical role in central sensitization, a primary feature of chronic pain. Despite the proven efficacy of exogenous ligands to this receptor system in preclinical studies, evidence for the clinical efficacy of NMDA antagonists for the treatment of chronic pain is weak. Researchers are studying alternate approaches, rather than direct inhibition of the NMDA receptors in pain processing neurons. This indirect approach utilizes the modulation of molecular switches that regulates the synthesis, maturation, and transport of receptors from cellular organelles to the synaptic membrane. Kinesins are nanomotors that anterogradely transport the cargo using microtubule tracks across the neurons. Various members of the kinesin family, including KIF17, KIF11, KIF5b, and KIF21a, regulate the intracellular transport of NMDA receptors. Pharmacological targeting of these ATP-driven nanomotors could be a useful tool for manipulating the NMDAR functioning. It could provide the potential for the development of a novel strategy for the management of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vaibhav Thakur
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Mousmi Rani
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vineeta Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Obulapathi Ummadisetty
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ajay Modi
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology B.H.U., Varanasi 221005, India
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14
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Peterson CD, Kitto KF, Verma H, Pflepsen K, Delpire E, Wilcox GL, Fairbanks CA. Agmatine requires GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors to inhibit the development of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211029171. [PMID: 34210178 PMCID: PMC8255568 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211029171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A decarboxylated form of L-arginine, agmatine, preferentially antagonizes NMDArs containing Glun2B subunits within the spinal cord and lacks motor side effects commonly associated with non-subunit-selective NMDAr antagonism, namely sedation and motor impairment. Spinally delivered agmatine has been previously shown to reduce the development of tactile hypersensitivity arising from spinal nerve ligation. The present study interrogated the dependence of agmatine’s alleviation of neuropathic pain (spared nerve injury (SNI) model) on GluN2B-containing NMDArs. SNI-induced hypersensitivity was induced in mice with significant reduction of levels of spinal GluN2B subunit of the NMDAr and their floxed controls. Agmatine reduced development of SNI-induced tactile hypersensitivity in controls but had no effect in subjects with reduced levels of GluN2B subunits. Ifenprodil, a known GluN2B-subunit-selective antagonist, similarly reduced tactile hypersensitivity in controls but not in the GluN2B-deficient mice. In contrast, MK-801, an NMDA receptor channel blocker, reduced hypersensitivity in both control and GluN2B-deficient mice, consistent with a pharmacological pattern expected from a NMDAr antagonist that does not have preference for GluN2B subtypes. Additionally, we observed that spinally delivered agmatine, ifenprodil and MK-801 inhibited nociceptive behaviors following intrathecal delivery of NMDA in control mice. By contrast, in GluN2B-deficient mice, MK-801 reduced NMDA-evoked nociceptive behaviors, but agmatine had a blunted effect and ifenprodil had no effect. These results demonstrate that agmatine requires the GluN2B subunit of the NMDA receptor for inhibitory pharmacological actions in pre-clinical models of NMDA receptor-dependent hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina D Peterson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Graduate Program in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelley F Kitto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Harsha Verma
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kelsey Pflepsen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - George L Wilcox
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Graduate Program in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn A Fairbanks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Graduate Program in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Glia and Orofacial Pain: Progress and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105345. [PMID: 34069553 PMCID: PMC8160907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain is a universal predicament, afflicting millions of individuals worldwide. Research on the molecular mechanisms of orofacial pain has predominately focused on the role of neurons underlying nociception. However, aside from neural mechanisms, non-neuronal cells, such as Schwann cells and satellite ganglion cells in the peripheral nervous system, and microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system, are important players in both peripheral and central processing of pain in the orofacial region. This review highlights recent molecular and cellular findings of the glia involvement and glia–neuron interactions in four common orofacial pain conditions such as headache, dental pulp injury, temporomandibular joint dysfunction/inflammation, and head and neck cancer. We will discuss the remaining questions and future directions on glial involvement in these four orofacial pain conditions.
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16
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Calapai F, Mondello E, Mannucci C, Sorbara EE, Gangemi S, Quattrone D, Calapai G, Cardia L. Pain Biomarkers in Cancer: An Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:293-304. [PMID: 33138755 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201102103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common symptom in oncologic patients and its management is generally guided with reference to pain individually perceived by patients and expressed through self-reported scales. However, the utility of these tools is limited as it strongly depends on patients' opinions. For this reason, more objective instruments are desirable. OBJECTIVE In this overview, scientific articles indicating potential markers to be used for pain management in cancer were collected and discussed. METHODS Research was performed on principal electronic scientific databases by using the words "pain", "cancer", "markers" and "biomarkers" as the main keywords, and findings describing potential biomarkers for the management of cancer pain were reported. RESULTS Studies on pain markers not specific for cancer typology (inflammatory, genetic markers predicting response to analgesic drugs, neuroimaging markers) and pain markers for specific types of cancer (bone cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, cancer in pediatrics) have been presented and commented on. CONCLUSION This overview supports the view of the involvement of inflammatory mediators in the mechanisms underlying cancer pain. Only a small amount of data from research up till today is available on markers that can help in the management of pain, except for pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory indexes such as C-reactive protein (CRP). However, biomarkers are a promising strategy useful to predict pain intensity and to objectively quantify analgesic response in guiding decisions regarding individual-tailored treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Epifanio Mondello
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Policlinico "G. Martino" - University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela E Sorbara
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Quattrone
- Pain Therapy Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli" - Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging - University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cardia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino- Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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17
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Ritian J, Teng X, Liao M, Zhang L, Wei Z, Meng R, Liu N. Release of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from salmon (
Salmo
salar
) skin collagen based on digestion–intestinal absorption
in
vitro. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ritian
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Minhe Liao
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Zikai Wei
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Ran Meng
- Binhai Agricultural Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science/Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt‐Tolerance Research Tangshan063200China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science Ministry of Education Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
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18
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Yang Q, Yao Y, Zhao D, Zou H, Lai C, Xiang G, Wang G, Luo L, Shi Y, Li Y, Yang M, Huang X. LncRNA H19 secreted by umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells through microRNA-29a-3p/FOS axis for central sensitization of pain in advanced osteoarthritis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:1245-1256. [PMID: 33841653 PMCID: PMC8014348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs) in the treatment of advanced osteoarthritis pain. METHODS Normal healthy rats were selected to establish advanced osteoarthritis (OA) model, and the rats were randomly divided into control group, intravenous group, intracavitary group and intrathecal group. The intravenous group received intravenous injection of UCBMSCs, intracavitary group received intra-articular injection of UCBMSCs, and intrathecal group received subarachnoid injection of UCBMSCs. The pain behavior and serum pro-inflammatory factor levels were evaluated before and after treatment. microRNA-29a-3p and FOS mRNA in spinal dorsal horn was detected using qPCR, the phosphorylation of c-fos protein and NR1, NR2B, ERK and PKCg was detected using Western blot, and the level of LncRNA H19 was detected using qPCR. RESULTS LncRNA H19 was enriched in the exosomes of UCBMSCs. microRNA-29a-3p was the target gene of LncRNA H19, while FOS was the downstream target of microRNA-29a-3p. Pain and inflammation of rats in the intrathecal group improved best, and the phosphorylation levels of c-fos and NR1, NR2B, ERK and PKCg in the spinal dorsal horn of the intrathecal group decreased. LncRNA H19 regulated the central sensitization of astrocytes through microRNA-29a-3p/FOS axis. CONCLUSION Intrathecal injection of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can improve the pain and central sensitization of advanced osteoarthritis through LncRNA H19/microRNA-29a-3p/FOS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Yutong Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiahui International HospitalShanghai 200233, China
| | - Haibo Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Chunyou Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Guangming Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Le Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054, Sichuan, China
| | - Maozhu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaolun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cell Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalChengdu 610072, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research HospitalChengdu 610072, China
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19
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Yang T, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Zhang L, Chen S, Chen C, Gao F, Yang H, Manyande A, Wang J, Tian Y, Tian X. The Spinal α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Contributes to the Maintenance of Cancer-Induced Bone Pain. J Pain Res 2021; 14:441-452. [PMID: 33623426 PMCID: PMC7894822 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s286321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is acknowledged as a multifactorial chronic pain that tortures advanced cancer patients, but existing treatment strategies for CIBP have not been satisfactory yet. Investigators have demonstrated that the activation of α7-nAChRs exerts analgesic effects in some chronic pain models. However, the role of spinal α7-nAChRs in CIBP remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of α7-nAChRs in a well-established CIBP model induced by Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells. Methods The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of the ipsilateral hind paw was measured using von Frey filament. The expressions of spinal α7-nAChRs and NF-κB were measured with Western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence was employed to detect the expression of α7-nAChRs and co-expressed of α7-nAChRs with NeuN or GFAP or Iba1. Results Experiment results showed that the expression of spinal α7-nAChRs was significantly downregulated over time in CIBP rats, and in both CIBP rats and sham rats, most of the α7-nAChRs located in neurons. Behavioral data suggested PNU-282,987, a selective α7-nAChRs agonist, dose-dependently produced analgesic effect and positive allosteric modulator could intensify its effects. Further, repeated administration of PNU-282,987 reversed the expression of α7-nAChRs, inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and attenuates CIBP-induced mechanical allodynia state as well. Conclusion These results suggest that the reduced expression of spinal α7-nAChRs contributes to the maintenance of CIBP by upregulating NF-κB expression, which implying a novel pharmacological therapeutic target for the treatment of CIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuke Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Xie M, Cheng M, Wang B, Jiao M, Yu L, Zhu H. 2-Bromopalmitate attenuates inflammatory pain by maintaining mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:72-84. [PMID: 33253369 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain activates astrocytes and increases inflammatory cytokine release in the spinal cord. Mitochondrial fusion and fission rely on the functions of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which are essential for the synaptic transmission and plasticity. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), an inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, on the modulation of pain behavior. Rats were intraplantar injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to establish an inflammatory pain model. In the spinal cord of rats with CFA-induced inflammatory pain, the expression of astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and contents of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were increased. Mitochondrial Drp1 was increased, while OPA1 was decreased. Consequently, CFA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression. The intrathecal administration of 2-BP significantly reversed the pain behaviors of the inflammatory pain in rats. Moreover, 2-BP also reduced the Drp1 expression, elevated the OPA1 expression, and further reduced the GFAP, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression and ROS production. Furthermore, in vitro study proved a similar effect of 2-BP on the regulation of Drp1 and OPA1 expression. 2-BP also increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the levels of BAX, ROS, and proinflammatory cytokines. These results indicate that 2-BP may attenuate the inflammatory pain of CFA-treated rats via regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion balance and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Menglin Cheng
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Bojun Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ming Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Liangzhu Yu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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21
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Huang SS, Cao S, Lu CE, Qin YB, Yang JP. Effects of nicorandil on p120 expression in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of rats with chronic postsurgical pain. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4821-4827. [PMID: 33173987 PMCID: PMC7646919 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) has a high incidence, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Accumulating evidence has suggested that central sensitization is the main mechanism of pain. To study the role of p120 in CPSP, a skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) model was established, and immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of p120 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG). The results demonstrated that SMIR increased the expression of p120 in the DRG and the spinal cord compared with the naive group. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that p120 was mainly distributed in the glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes in the spinal cord, and in the neurofilament 200-positive medium and large neurons in the DRG. Our previous studies have shown that adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) agonists can reduce postoperative pain in rats. Therefore, the changes in p120 were observed in the DRG and spinal cord of rats following the intraperitoneal injection of nicorandil, a KATP agonist. It was demonstrated that nicorandil administration could relieve mechanical pain experienced following SMIR in rats, and decrease the expression of p120 in the DRG and spinal cord. The results revealed that p120 may contribute to the prophylactic analgesic effect of nicorandil, thus providing a novel insight into the mechanism of CPSP prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Sai Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Su Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Cui E Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bin Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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22
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Li Q, Wang YQ, Chu YX. The role of connexins and pannexins in orofacial pain. Life Sci 2020; 258:118198. [PMID: 32758624 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by extensive spreading of pain, referred to as ectopic pain, which describes the phenomenon of the pain passing from the injured regions to uninjured regions. Patients with orofacial pain often show no response to commonly used analgesics, and the exact mechanism of ectopic pain remains unclear, which restricts the development of specific drugs. The present review aims to summarize the contribution of the two families of transmembrane proteins, connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs), to the induction and spreading of orofacial pain and to provide potential targets for orofacial pain treatment. Cxs and Panxs have recently been shown to play essential roles in intercellular signal propagation in sensory ganglia, and previous studies have provided evidence for the contribution of several subtypes of Cxs and Panxs in various orofacial pain models. Upregulation of the expression of Cxs and Panxs in the trigeminal ganglia is observed in most cases after trigeminal injury, and regulating their expression or activity can improve pain-like behaviors in animals. It is speculated that after trigeminal injury, pain-related signals are transmitted to adjacent neurons and satellite glial cells in the trigeminal ganglia directly through gap junctions and simultaneously through hemichannels and pannexons through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. This review highlights recent discoveries in the regulation of Cxs and Panxs in different orofacial pain models and presents a hypothetical mechanism of ectopic pain in trigeminal neuralgia. In addition, the existing problems in current research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan-Qing Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Xia Chu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Institutes of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Dai WL, Zhang L, Han L, Yang X, Hu L, Miao C, Song L, Xiao H, Liu JH, Liu WT. Regulation of the K ATP-JNK gap junction signaling pathway by immunomodulator astragaloside IV attenuates neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2020; 45:955-963. [PMID: 32963077 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2020-101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gap junctions play a pivotal role in contributing to the formation of astroglial networks and in chronic pain. However, the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of astroglial gap junctions in chronic pain have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was used to establish rat neuropathic pain model. C6 cells were used to perform experiments in vitro. Von Frey hairs and Hargreave's method were used to determine the withdrawal threshold of rats. Protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. RESULTS Astragaloside IV (AST IV) significantly attenuated neuropathic pain and suppressed the excitation of spinal astrocytes in rats with CCI. The antinociceptive effect of AST IV was reversed by the gap junction decoupler carbenoxolone (CBX). AST IV inhibited the high expression of phosphorylated connexin 43 (p-Cx43) and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in spinal cord of rats with CCI. JNK inhibitor alleviated neuropathic pain, which was reversed by CBX. JNK inhibitor decreased the high expression of p-Cx43 in both rats with CCI and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-treated C6 cells. Additionally, the analgesic effect of AST IV was reversed by the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel blocker, glibenclamide (Glib). Glib abolished the inhibitory effects of AST IV on p-JNK and p-Cx43 both in vivo and in vitro. KATP channel opener (KCO) mimicked the inhibitory effects of AST IV on p-JNK and p-Cx43 in TNF-α-treated C6 cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the sciatic nerve CCI induces the dysfunction of gap junctions in the spinal cord by activating KATP/JNK signaling to contribute to neuropathic pain. AST IV attenuates neuropathic pain via regulating the KATP-JNK gap junction axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Miao
- Department of pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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de Clauser L, Santana-Varela S, Wood JN, Sikandar S. Physiologic osteoclasts are not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:199-212. [PMID: 32955748 PMCID: PMC8436750 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased bone resorption is driven by augmented osteoclast activity in pathological states of the bone, including osteoporosis, fracture and metastatic bone cancer. Pain is a frequent co‐morbidity in bone pathologies and adequate pain management is necessary for symptomatic relief. Bone cancer is associated with severe skeletal pain and dysregulated bone remodelling, while increased osteoclast activity and bone pain are also observed in osteoporosis and during fracture repair. However, the effects of altered osteoclast activity and bone resorption on nociceptive processing of bone afferents remain unclear. Methods This study investigates whether physiologic osteoclasts and resulting changes in bone resorption can induce skeletal pain. We first assessed correlation between changes in bone microarchitecture (through µCT) and skeletal pain using standardized behavioural phenotyping assays in a mouse model of metastatic bone cancer. We then investigated whether increased activity of physiologic osteoclasts, and the associated bone resorption, is sufficient to induce skeletal pain using mouse models of localized and widespread bone resorption following administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL). Results Our data demonstrates that mice with bone cancer exhibit progressive pain behaviours that correlate with increased bone resorption at the tumour site. Systemic RANKL injections enhance osteoclast activity and associated bone resorption, without producing any changes in motor function or pain behaviours at both early and late timepoints. Conclusion These findings suggest that activation of homeostatic osteoclasts alone is not sufficient to induce skeletal pain in mice. Significance statement The role of osteoclasts in peripheral sensitization of sensory neurones is not fully understood. This study reports on the direct link between oestrogen‐independent osteoclast activation and skeletal pain. Administration of exogenous receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) increases bone resorption, but does not produce pro‐nociceptive changes in behavioural pain thresholds. Our data demonstrates that physiologic osteoclasts are not essential for skeletal pain behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Clauser
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Santana-Varela
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shafaq Sikandar
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Mary University of London, London, UK
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25
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Vicario N, Turnaturi R, Spitale FM, Torrisi F, Zappalà A, Gulino R, Pasquinucci L, Chiechio S, Parenti C, Parenti R. Intercellular communication and ion channels in neuropathic pain chronicization. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:841-850. [PMID: 32533221 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is caused by primary lesion or dysfunction of either peripheral or central nervous system. Due to its complex pathogenesis, often related to a number of comorbidities, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases, neuropathic pain still represents an unmet clinical need, lacking long-term effective treatment and complex case-by-case approach. AIM AND METHODS We analyzed the recent literature on the role of selective voltage-sensitive sodium, calcium and potassium permeable channels and non-selective gap junctions (GJs) and hemichannels (HCs) in establishing and maintaining chronic neuropathic conditions. We finally focussed our review on the role of extracellular microenvironment modifications induced by resident glial cells and on the recent advances in cell-to-cell and cell-to-extracellular environment communication in chronic neuropathies. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge of neuropathy chronicization processes with a focus on both neuronal and glial ion channels, as well as on channel-mediated intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Turnaturi
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Spitale
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Santina Chiechio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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26
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Hao M, Tang Q, Wang B, Li Y, Ding J, Li M, Xie M, Zhu H. Resveratrol suppresses bone cancer pain in rats by attenuating inflammatory responses through the AMPK/Drp1 signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:231-240. [PMID: 32072182 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is induced by primary bone cancer and secondary bone metastasis. During BCP pathogenesis, activated spinal astrocytes release proinflammatory cytokines, which participate in pain information transmission. In this study, we found that BCP rats showed disruption of trabecular bone structure, mechanical allodynia, and spinal inflammation. Moreover, reduced adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, increased mitochondrial fission-associated protein Drp1 GTPase activity accompanied by the dysfunction of mitochondrial function, and abnormal BAX and Bcl-2 expression were found in the spinal cord of BCP rats. Notably, these alterations are reversed by resveratrol (Res) administration. Cell experiment results demonstrated that Res promotes mitochondrial function by activating AMPK, decreasing Drp1 activity, and inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α-induced mitochondrial membrane potential reduction. Taken together, these results indicate that Res suppresses BCP in rats by attenuation of the inflammatory responses through the AMPK/Drp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Banghua Wang
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jieqiong Ding
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Min Xie
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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Zhou L, Ao L, Yan Y, Li C, Li W, Ye A, Liu J, Hu Y, Fang W, Li Y. Levo-corydalmine Attenuates Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Mice by Upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1/CO Pathway to Inhibit Connexin 43 Expression. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:340-355. [PMID: 31617070 PMCID: PMC7007458 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrotubulin chemotherapeutic agents, including plant-derived vincaalkaloids such as vincristine, can cause peripheral neuropathic pain. Exogenously activated heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a potential therapy for chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated a role for Nrf2/HO-1/CO in mediating vincristine-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting connexin 43 (Cx43) production in the spinal cord following the intrathecal application of the HO-1 inducer protoporphyrin IX cobalt chloride (CoPP) or inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (ZnPP), and we analyzed the underlying mechanisms by which levo-corydalmine (l-CDL, a tetrahydroprotoberberine) attenuates vincristine-induced pain. Treatment with levo-corydalmine or oxycodone hydrochloride (a semisynthetic opioid analgesic, used as a positive control) attenuated vincristine-induced persistent pain hypersensitivity and degeneration of the sciatic nerve. In addition, the increased prevalence of atypical mitochondria induced by vincristine was ameliorated by l-CDL in both A-fibers and C-fibers. Next, we evaluated whether nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an upstream activator of HO-1, directly bound to the HO-1 promoter sequence and degraded heme to produce carbon monoxide (CO) following stimulation with vincristine. Notably, l-CDL dose-dependently increased HO-1/CO expression by activating Nrf2 to inhibit Cx43 expression in both the spinal cord and in cultured astrocytes stimulated with TNF-α, corresponding to decreased Cx43-mediated hemichannel. Furthermore, l-CDL had no effect on Cx43 following the silencing of the HO-1 gene. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which Nrf2/HO-1/CO mediates Cx43 expression in vincristine-induced neuropathic pain. In addition, the present findings suggest that l-CDL likely protects against nerve damage and attenuates vincristine-induced neuroinflammation by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1/CO to inhibit Cx43 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Biotechnology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, # 72 GuangZhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Mailbox 207, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Morioka N, Nakamura Y, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Role of Connexins in Chronic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets for Next-Generation Analgesics. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:857-866. [PMID: 31155584 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain, including inflammatory, neuropathic pain, is a serious clinical issue. There are increasing numbers of patients with chronic pain due to the growing number of elderly and it is estimated that about 25% of the global population will develop chronic pain. Chronic pain patients are refractory to medications used to treat acute pain such as opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity of chronic pain mechanisms hinder the development of new analgesics. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanism of chronic pain is needed, which would facilitate the development of novel analgesics based on novel mechanisms. With this goal, connexins (Cxs) could be targeted for the development of new analgesics. Connexins are proteins with 20 subtypes, and function as channels, gap junctions between cells, and hemichannels that sample the extracellular space and release molecules such as neurotransmitters. Furthermore, Cxs could have functions independent of channel activity. Recent studies have shown that Cxs could be crucial in the induction and maintenance of chronic pain, and modulation of the activity or the expression of Cxs ameliorates nociceptive hypersensitivity in multiple chronic pain models. This review will cite novel findings on the role of of Cxs in the nociceptive transduction pathway under the chronic pain state and antinociceptive effects of various molecules modulating activity or expression of Cxs. Also, the potential of Cx modulation as a therapeutic strategy for intractable chronic pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences.,Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
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Lin W, Zhao Y, Cheng B, Zhao H, Miao L, Li Q, Chen Y, Zhang M. NMDAR and JNK Activation in the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Contributes to Masseter Hyperalgesia Induced by Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:495. [PMID: 31798413 PMCID: PMC6868050 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly accepted that psychological stress is closely associated with the occurrence and development of chronic orofacial pain. However, the pathogenesis underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explored the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated intercellular communication between neurons and astrocytes in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) in the induction of masseter hyperalgesia by psychological stress in rats. We found that subjecting rats to 14 days of restraint stress (8 h/d) caused a significant decrease in body weight gain, behavioral changes and marked masseter hyperalgesia in the rats. We also found that exposure to restraint stress for 14 days caused the expression of pJNK in astrocytes in the Vc to significantly increase, and intrathecally infusing a JNK inhibitor significantly prevented restraint stress-induced masseter hyperalgesia in the rats. In addition, after exposure to restraint stress for 14 days, the stressed group exhibited a noticeably increased expression level of pNR2B in neurons in the Vc. Then, we intrathecally injected MK-801 (an NMDAR inhibitor) and ifenprodil (a selective NR2B subunit antagonist) and observed that the two types of inhibitors not only alleviated masseter hyperalgesia but also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK in the Vc after restraint stress; this indicates that the effect of NMDAR antagonists may influence the activation of astrocytic JNK. Furthermore, inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor could not only inhibit the expression of pJNK in the Vc, but also effectively alleviate masseter hyperalgesia induced by restraint stress. Taken together, our results suggest that NMDAR activation could increase JNK phosphorylation in astrocytes after restraint stress, which may depend on the nNOS-GC pathway. The intercellular communication between neurons and astrocytes in the Vc may play a key role in the induction of masseter muscle hyperalgesia by psychological stress in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Baixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haidan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of General Dentistry and Emergency, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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The endocannabinoid system: Novel targets for treating cancer induced bone pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109504. [PMID: 31627091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) continues to be a major clinical challenge and underlying mechanisms of CIBP remain unclear. Recently, emerging body of evidence suggested the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may play essential roles in CIBP. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the antinociceptive mechanisms of endocannabinoids in CIBP and discussed the beneficial effects of endocannabinoid for CIBP treatment. Targeting non-selective cannabinoid 1 receptors or selective cannabinoid 2 receptors, and modulation of peripheral AEA and 2-AG, as well as the inhibition the function of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) have produced analgesic effects in animal models of CIBP. Management of ECS therefore appears to be a promising way for the treatment of CIBP in terms of efficacy and safety. Further clinical studies are encouraged to confirm the possible translation to humans of the very promising results already obtained in the preclinical studies.
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Bartley AF, Abiraman K, Stewart LT, Hossain MI, Gahan DM, Kamath AV, Burdette MK, Andrabe S, Foulger SH, McMahon LL, Dobrunz LE. LSO:Ce Inorganic Scintillators Are Biocompatible With Neuronal and Circuit Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:24. [PMID: 31551750 PMCID: PMC6733890 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is widely used in neuroscience to control neural circuits. However, non-invasive methods for light delivery in brain are needed to avoid physical damage caused by current methods. One potential strategy could employ x-ray activation of radioluminescent particles (RPLs), enabling localized light generation within the brain. RPLs composed of inorganic scintillators can emit light at various wavelengths depending upon composition. Cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO:Ce), an inorganic scintillator that emits blue light in response to x-ray or ultraviolet (UV) stimulation, could potentially be used to control neural circuits through activation of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a light-gated cation channel. Whether inorganic scintillators themselves negatively impact neuronal processes and synaptic function is unknown, and was investigated here using cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological approaches. As proof of principle, we applied UV stimulation to 4 μm LSO:Ce particles during whole-cell recording of CA1 pyramidal cells in acute hippocampal slices from mice that expressed ChR2 in glutamatergic neurons. We observed an increase in frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs), indicating activation of ChR2 and excitation of neurons. Importantly, LSO:Ce particles did not affect survival of primary mouse cortical neurons, even after 24 h of exposure. In extracellular dendritic field potential recordings, no change in the strength of basal glutamatergic transmission was observed during exposure to LSO:Ce microparticles. However, the amplitude of the fiber volley was slightly reduced with high stimulation. Additionally, there was a slight decrease in the frequency of sEPSCs in whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from CA1 pyramidal cells, with no change in current amplitudes. The amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents were unchanged. Finally, long term potentiation (LTP), a synaptic modification believed to underlie learning and memory and a robust measure of synaptic integrity, was successfully induced, although the magnitude was slightly reduced. Together, these results show LSO:Ce particles are biocompatible even though there are modest effects on baseline synaptic function and long-term synaptic plasticity. Importantly, we show that light emitted from LSO:Ce particles is able to activate ChR2 and modify synaptic function. Therefore, LSO:Ce inorganic scintillators are potentially viable for use as a new light delivery system for optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aundrea F. Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kavitha Abiraman
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Luke T. Stewart
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohammed Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David M. Gahan
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Abhishek V. Kamath
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mary K. Burdette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States
| | - Shaida Andrabe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen H. Foulger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States
- Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies, Clemson University, Anderson, SC, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lori L. McMahon
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lynn E. Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Wang A, Xu C. The role of connexin43 in neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:555-561. [PMID: 31056639 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is caused by the damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. In many neuropathic pain models, there is an increase in the number of gap junction (GJ) channels, especially the upregulation of the expression of connexin43 (Cx43), leading to the secretion of various types of cytokines and involvement in the formation of neuropathic pain. GJs are widely distributed in mammalian organs and tissues, and Cx43 is the most abundant connexin (Cx) in mammals. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), which mainly express Cx43. More importantly, GJs play an important role in regulating cell metabolism, signaling, and function. Many existing literatures showed that Cx43 plays an important role in the nervous system, especially in the CNS under normal and pathological conditions. However, many internal mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly explored. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the role and association of Cx and pannexin channels in neuropathic pain, especially after spinal cord injury, as well as some of our own insights and thoughts which suggest that Cx43 may become an emerging therapeutic target for future neuropathic pain, bringing new hope to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changshui Xu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Autonomic Nervous Function and Disease, Nanchang, China
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Xing L, Yang T, Cui S, Chen G. Connexin Hemichannels in Astrocytes: Role in CNS Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 30787868 PMCID: PMC6372977 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes form networks interconnected by gap junctions made from connexins of the subtypes Cx30 and Cx43. When unopposed by an adjoining hemichannel, astrocytic connexins can act as hemichannels to control the release of small molecules such as ATP and glutamate into the extracellular space. Accruing evidence indicates that astrocytic connexins are crucial for the coordination and maintenance of physiologic CNS activity. Here we provide an update on the role of astrocytic connexins in neurodegenerative disorders, glioma, and ischemia. In addition, we address the regulation of Cx43 in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- LingYan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - ShuSen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Meng W, Hao MM, Yu N, Li MY, Ding JQ, Wang BH, Zhu HL, Xie M. 2-Bromopalmitate attenuates bone cancer pain via reversing mitochondrial fusion and fission imbalance in spinal astrocytes. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919871813. [PMID: 31394961 PMCID: PMC6710711 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919871813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain is common in patients with advanced cancers as tumors metastasize to bone. Pathogenesis of bone cancer pain is complex and poorly understood which leads to inefficiency of clinical treatment. During pathological pain status, astrocytes are activated and release various inflammatory cytokines, which result in the development of peripheral and central sensitization. As energy factory, mitochondria undergo frequent fusion and fission and play essential role for astrocyte function. 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) is an inhibitor of protein palmitoylation, and its function on bone cancer pain was unclear. In this article, we aimed to investigate the potential curative effects and mechanisms of 2-BP on bone cancer pain. Bone cancer pain rat model was established through intratibial inoculation of rat mammary gland carcinoma cells (MRMT-1) into the left tibia of Sprague–Dawley female rats. As a result, bone cancer pain rats exhibited bone destruction and sensitive nociceptive behavior. And increased leukocyte infiltration, activation of astrocytes, and imbalance of mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics were observed in spinal cord of bone cancer pain rats. Intrathecal 2-BP administration significantly attenuated pain behavior of bone cancer pain rats. Meanwhile, 2-BP administration reduced spinal inflammation, reversed spinal mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamic imbalance, and further inhibited spinal mitochondrial apoptosis in bone cancer pain rats. In C6 cell level, 2-BP treatment decreased dynamin-related protein 1 expression and increased optic atrophy 1 expression in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitochondrial membrane potential change. These data illustrated that 2-BP attenuated bone cancer pain by reversing mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamic imbalance in spinal astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Miao-Miao Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Ding
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Bang-Hua Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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