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Heslop-Harrison G, Nakabayashi K, Espinosa-Ruiz A, Robertson F, Baines R, Thompson CRL, Hermann K, Alabadí D, Leubner-Metzger G, Williams RSB. Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100846. [PMID: 38460510 PMCID: PMC11211550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root, leaf, and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring plants. Understanding how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant function. One such allelochemical, Myrigalone A (MyA) produced by Myrica gale, inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigate MyA using the tractable model Dictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylene synthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO). Furthermore, in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic pocket. In D. discoideum, ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay, which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene, and MyA reduces ethylene production. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MyA treatment delays seed germination, and this effect is rescued by exogenous ethylene. It also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension, blocks ethylene-dependent root hair production, and reduces ethylene production. Finally, in silico binding analyses identify a range of highly potent ethylene inhibitors that block ethylene-dependent response and reduce ethylene production in Arabidopsis. Thus, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heslop-Harrison
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Robertson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robert Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
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Borowicz-Reutt K, Krawczyk M, Czernia J. Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Epilepsy. Nutrients 2024; 16:1258. [PMID: 38732505 PMCID: PMC11085120 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most disabling neurological diseases. Despite proper pharmacotherapy and the availability of 2nd and 3rd generation antiepileptic drugs, deep brain stimulation, and surgery, up to 30-40% of epilepsy patients remain drug-resistant. Consequences of this phenomenon include not only decreased a quality of life, and cognitive, behavioral, and personal disorders, but also an increased risk of death, i.e., in the mechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP). The main goals of epilepsy treatment include three basic issues: achieving the best possible seizure control, avoiding the undesired effects of treatment, and maintaining/improving the quality of patients' lives. Therefore, numerous attempts are made to offer alternative treatments for drug-resistant seizures, an example of which is the ketogenic diet. It is a long-known but rarely used dietary therapy for intractable seizures. One of the reasons for this is the unpalatability of the classic ketogenic diet, which reduces patient compliance and adherence rates. However, its antiseizure effects are often considered to be worth the effort. Until recently, the diet was considered the last-resort treatment. Currently, it is believed that a ketogenic diet should be used much earlier in patients with well-defined indications. In correctly qualified patients, seizure activity may be reduced by over 90% or even abolished for long periods after the diet is stopped. A ketogenic diet can be used in all age groups, although most of the available literature addresses pediatric epilepsy. In this article, we focus on the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and adverse effects of different variants of the ketogenic diet, including its classic version, a medium-chain triglyceride diet, a modified Atkins diet, and a low glycemic index treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (J.C.)
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3
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Heslop-Harrison G, Goddard A, Williams RSB. Mutation Screening of Dictyostelium Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration (REMI) Libraries. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2814:209-222. [PMID: 38954208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3894-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms of action of existing and novel drugs is essential for the development of new compounds for therapeutic and commercial use. Here we provide a technique to identify these mechanisms through isolating mutant cell lines that show resistance to drug-induced phenotypes using Dictyostelium discoideum REMI libraries. This approach provides a robust and rapid chemical-genetic screening technique that enables an unbiased approach to identify proteins and molecular pathways that control drug sensitivity. Mutations that result in drug resistance often occur in target proteins thus identifying the specific protein targets for drugs and bioactive natural products. Following the identification of a list of putative molecular targets user selected compound targets can be analyzed to confirm and validate direct inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heslop-Harrison
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Anthony Goddard
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
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Yelshanskaya MV, Singh AK, Narangoda C, Williams RSB, Kurnikova MG, Sobolevsky AI. Structural basis of AMPA receptor inhibition by trans-4-butylcyclohexane carboxylic acid. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:3628-3644. [PMID: 32959886 PMCID: PMC10693435 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AMPA receptors, which shape excitatory postsynaptic currents and are directly involved in overactivation of synaptic function during seizures, represent a well-accepted target for anti-epileptic drugs. Trans-4-butylcyclohexane carboxylic acid (4-BCCA) has emerged as a new promising anti-epileptic drug in several in vitro and in vivo seizure models, but the mechanism of its action remained unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize structure and dynamics of 4-BCCA interaction with AMPA receptors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We studied the molecular mechanism of AMPA receptor inhibition by 4-BCCA using a combination of X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis, electrophysiological assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. KEY RESULTS We identified 4-BCCA binding sites in the transmembrane domain (TMD) of AMPA receptor, at the lateral portals formed by transmembrane segments M1-M4. At this binding site, 4-BCCA is very dynamic, assumes multiple poses, and can enter the ion channel pore. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 4-BCCA represents a low-affinity inhibitor of AMPA receptors that acts at the TMD sites distinct from non-competitive inhibitors, such as the anti-epileptic drug perampanel and the ion channel blockers. Further studies might examine the possibsility of synergistic use of these inhibitors in treatment of epilepsy and a wide range of neurological disorders and gliomas. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane Proteins (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Appu K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Chamali Narangoda
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Maria G Kurnikova
- Chemistry Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Storey CL, Williams RSB, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. Dictyostelium discoideum: A Model System for Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030463. [PMID: 35159273 PMCID: PMC8833889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of neurological disorders is increasing due to population growth and extended life expectancy. Despite advances in the understanding of these disorders, curative strategies for treatment have not yet eventuated. In part, this is due to the complexities of the disorders and a lack of identification of their specific underlying pathologies. Dictyostelium discoideum has provided a useful, simple model to aid in unraveling the complex pathological characteristics of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and lissencephaly. In addition, D. discoideum has proven to be an innovative model for pharmaceutical research in the neurological field. Scope of review: This review describes the contributions of D. discoideum in the field of neurological research. The continued exploration of proteins implicated in neurological disorders in D. discoideum may elucidate their pathological roles and fast-track curative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Storey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Robin Simon Brooke Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK;
| | - Paul Robert Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-394-791-412
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Gross JD, Pears CJ. Possible Involvement of the Nutrient and Energy Sensors mTORC1 and AMPK in Cell Fate Diversification in a Non-Metazoan Organism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758317. [PMID: 34820379 PMCID: PMC8606421 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 and AMPK are mutually antagonistic sensors of nutrient and energy status that have been implicated in many human diseases including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Starved cells of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum aggregate and eventually form fruiting bodies consisting of stalk cells and spores. We focus on how this bifurcation of cell fate is achieved. During growth mTORC1 is highly active and AMPK relatively inactive. Upon starvation, AMPK is activated and mTORC1 inhibited; cell division is arrested and autophagy induced. After aggregation, a minority of the cells (prestalk cells) continue to express much the same set of developmental genes as during aggregation, but the majority (prespore cells) switch to the prespore program. We describe evidence suggesting that overexpressing AMPK increases the proportion of prestalk cells, as does inhibiting mTORC1. Furthermore, stimulating the acidification of intracellular acidic compartments likewise increases the proportion of prestalk cells, while inhibiting acidification favors the spore pathway. We conclude that the choice between the prestalk and the prespore pathways of cell differentiation may depend on the relative strength of the activities of AMPK and mTORC1, and that these may be controlled by the acidity of intracellular acidic compartments/lysosomes (pHv), cells with low pHv compartments having high AMPK activity/low mTORC1 activity, and those with high pHv compartments having high mTORC1/low AMPK activity. Increased insight into the regulation and downstream consequences of this switch should increase our understanding of its potential role in human diseases, and indicate possible therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D Gross
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Decanoic Acid Stimulates Autophagy in D. discoideum. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112946. [PMID: 34831171 PMCID: PMC8616062 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets, used in epilepsy treatment, are considered to work through reduced glucose and ketone generation to regulate a range of cellular process including autophagy induction. Recent studies into the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet have suggested that medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) provided in the diet, decanoic acid and octanoic acid, cause specific therapeutic effects independent of glucose reduction, although a role in autophagy has not been investigated. Both autophagy and MCFAs have been widely studied in Dictyostelium, with findings providing important advances in the study of autophagy-related pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we utilize this model to analyze a role for MCFAs in regulating autophagy. We show that treatment with decanoic acid but not octanoic acid induces autophagosome formation and modulates autophagic flux in high glucose conditions. To investigate this effect, decanoic acid, but not octanoic acid, was found to induce the expression of autophagy-inducing proteins (Atg1 and Atg8), providing a mechanism for this effect. Finally, we demonstrate a range of related fatty acid derivatives with seizure control activity, 4BCCA, 4EOA, and Epilim (valproic acid), also function to induce autophagosome formation in this model. Thus, our data suggest that decanoic acid and related compounds may provide a less-restrictive therapeutic approach to activate autophagy.
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Park J, Choi J, Kim DD, Lee S, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Noh M, Lee MO, Le QV, Oh YK. Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:465-482. [PMID: 34462378 PMCID: PMC8411027 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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9
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Pittman QJ. A gut feeling about the ketogenic diet in epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2020; 166:106409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hoshi N. M-Current Suppression, Seizures and Lipid Metabolism: A Potential Link Between Neuronal Kv7 Channel Regulation and Dietary Therapies for Epilepsy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32523549 PMCID: PMC7261926 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Kv7 channel generates a low voltage-activated potassium current known as the M-current. The M-current can be suppressed by various neurotransmitters that activate Gq-coupled receptors. Because the M-current stabilizes membrane potential at the resting membrane potential, its suppression transiently increase neuronal excitability. However, its physiological and pathological roles in vivo is not well understood to date. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism underlying M-current suppression, and why it remained elusive for many years. I also summarize how regulation of neuronal Kv7 channel contributes to anti-seizure action of valproic acid through inhibition of palmitoylation of a Kv7 channel binding protein, and discuss about a potential link with anti-seizure mechanisms of medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Zhang H, Lu T, Feng Y, Sun X, Yang X, Zhou K, Sun R, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen M. A metabolomic study on the gender-dependent effects of maternal exposure to fenvalerate on neurodevelopment in offspring mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136130. [PMID: 31869608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The general population is widely exposed to fenvalerate. However, the effects of maternal exposure to fenvalerate on neurodevelopment in offspring and the underlying metabolic mechanism are largely unknown. METHODS Pregnant mice were exposed to fenvalerate for 11 consecutive days. The forced swimming test (FST) was performed in 35 day-old offspring to investigate the effects of fenvalerate on neurobehavioral responses. Blood serum free T4 and free T3 concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA. Blood and thyroid samples were used for metabolomic analyses with UPLC Q-Exactive. The expression levels of neurotransmitter metaolite receptors were determined in the frontal cortex of offspring using real-time PCR. RESULTS The immobility time, free T4 and free T3, and expression levels of Htr1a and Htr2a were statistically changed in offspring male mice. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the pentose phosphate pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutamic acid metabolism were the key changed pathways in the blood, and thiamine metabolism was the key changed pathway in the thyroid. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to fenvalerate affected neurodevelopment in male offspring mice both via the changed abundances of metabolites involved in glycolysis related metabolism and medium-chain fatty acid metabolism, and the changes in 5-HT receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yaling Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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12
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Perry CJ, Finch P, Müller‐Taubenberger A, Leung K, Warren EC, Damstra‐Oddy J, Sharma D, Patra PH, Glyn S, Boberska J, Stewart B, Baldwin A, Piscitelli F, Harvey RJ, Harwood A, Thompson C, Claus SP, Greene ND, McNeish AJ, Williams CM, Whalley BJ, Williams RS. A new mechanism for cannabidiol in regulating the one-carbon cycle and methionine levels in Dictyostelium and in mammalian epilepsy models. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:912-928. [PMID: 31693171 PMCID: PMC7024701 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidiolex™, a form of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) derived from Cannabis plants, has demonstrated seizure control activity in patients with Dravet syndrome, without a fully elucidated mechanism of action. We have employed an unbiased approach to investigate this mechanism at a cellular level. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We use a tractable biomedical model organism, Dictyostelium, to identify a protein controlling the effect of CBD and characterize this mechanism. We then translate these results to a Dravet syndrome mouse model and an acute in vitro seizure model. KEY RESULTS CBD activity is partially dependent upon the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system component, GcvH1 in Dictyostelium, orthologous to the human glycine cleavage system component H protein, which is functionally linked to folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM). Analysis of FOCM components identified a mechanism for CBD in directly inhibiting methionine synthesis. Analysis of brain tissue from a Dravet syndrome mouse model also showed drastically altered levels of one-carbon components including methionine, and an in vitro rat seizure model showed an elevated level of methionine that is attenuated following CBD treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest a novel mechanism for CBD in the regulating methionine levels and identify altered one-carbon metabolism in Dravet syndrome and seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Perry
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Paul Finch
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | | | - Kit‐Yi Leung
- Development Biology and Cancer ProgramUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Eleanor C. Warren
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Joseph Damstra‐Oddy
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Devdutt Sharma
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Pabitra H. Patra
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Sarah Glyn
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Joanna Boberska
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Balint Stewart
- Faculty of Life SciencesManchester UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Amy Baldwin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular ChemistryConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheRomeItaly
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- School of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSippy DownsQLDAustralia
- Sunshine Coast Health InstituteUniversity of the Sunshine CoastBirtinyaQLDAustralia
| | - Adrian Harwood
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Sandrine P. Claus
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Nicholas D.E. Greene
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Alister J. McNeish
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Claire M. Williams
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Benjamin J. Whalley
- The School of Chemistry, Food Biosciences and PharmacyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Robin S.B. Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
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