1
|
Nam J, Richie CT, Harvey BK, Voutilainen MH. Delivery of CDNF by AAV-mediated gene transfer protects dopamine neurons and regulates ER stress and inflammation in an acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16487. [PMID: 39019902 PMCID: PMC11254911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and its close structural relative, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), are proteins with neurotrophic properties. CDNF protects and restores the function of dopamine (DA) neurons in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and therefore shows promise as a drug candidate for disease-modifying treatment of PD. Moreover, CDNF was found to be safe and to have some therapeutic effects on PD patients in phase 1/2 clinical trials. However, the mechanism underlying the neurotrophic activity of CDNF is unknown. In this study, we delivered human CDNF (hCDNF) to the brain using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector and demonstrated the neurotrophic effect of AAV-hCDNF in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. AAV-hCDNF resulted in the expression of hCDNF in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN), and no toxic effects on the nigrostriatal pathway were observed. Intrastriatal injection of AAV-hCDNF reduced motor impairment and partially alleviated gait dysfunction in the acute MPTP mouse model. In addition, gene therapy with AAV-hCDNF had significant neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal pathway and decreased the levels of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and complement 3 (C3) in glial cells in the acute MPTP mouse model. Moreover, AAV-hCDNF reduced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression in astroglia. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CDNF may be mediated at least in part through the regulation of neuroinflammation and the UPR pathway in a mouse MPTP model of PD in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Nam
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maglica M, Kelam N, Perutina I, Racetin A, Rizikalo A, Filipović N, Kuzmić Prusac I, Mišković J, Vukojević K. Immunoexpression Pattern of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6829. [PMID: 38999938 PMCID: PMC11241479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal immunoexpression pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) in normal human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Human fetal kidneys (control, horseshoe, dysplastic, duplex, and hypoplastic) from the 18th to the 38th developmental week underwent epifluorescence microscopy analysis after being stained with antibodies. Immunoreactivity was quantified in various kidney structures, and expression dynamics were examined using linear and nonlinear regression modeling. The punctate expression of LC3B was observed mainly in tubules and glomerular cells, with dysplastic kidneys displaying distinct staining patterns. In the control group's glomeruli, LAMP2A showed a sporadic, punctate signal; in contrast to other phenotypes, duplex kidneys showed significantly stronger expression in convoluted tubules. GRP78 had a weaker expression in CAKUT kidneys, especially hypoplastic ones, while normal kidneys exhibited punctate staining of convoluted tubules and glomeruli. HSP70 staining varied among phenotypes, with dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys exhibiting stronger staining compared to controls. Expression dynamics varied among observed autophagy markers and phenotypes, indicating their potential roles in normal and dysfunctional kidney development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Maglica
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nela Kelam
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ilija Perutina
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anita Racetin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Azer Rizikalo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kuzmić Prusac
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Center Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josip Mišković
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hetzer SM, O'Connell C, Lallo V, Robson M, Evanson NK. Model matters: Differential outcomes in traumatic optic neuropathy pathophysiology between blunt and blast-wave mediated head injuries. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114613. [PMID: 37995952 PMCID: PMC10870099 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Over 3 million people in the United States live with long-term disability because of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare two different animal models of TBI (blunt head trauma and blast TBI) to determine common and divergent characteristics of these models. With recent literature reviews noting the prevalence of visual system injury in animal models of TBI, coupled with clinical estimates of 50-75% of all TBI cases, we decided to assess commonalities, if they existed, through visual system injury. A unilateral (left directed) blast and repeat blast model injury with coup-contra-coup injury patterns were compared to a midline blunt injury. Injuries were induced in adult male mice to observe and quantify visual deficits. Retinal ganglion cell loss and axonal degeneration in the optic tract, superior colliculus, and lateral geniculate nuclei were examined to trace injury outcomes throughout major vision-associated areas. Optokinetic response, immunohistochemistry, and western blots were analyzed. Where a single blunt injury produces significant visual deficits a single blast injury appears to have less severe visual consequences. Visual deficits after repeat blasts are similar to a single blast. Single blast injury induces contralateral damage to the right optic chiasm and tract whereas bilateral injury follows a single blunt TBI. Repeat blast injuries are required to see degeneration patterns in downstream regions similar to the damage seen in a single blunt injury. This finding is further supported by amyloid precursor protein (APP) staining in injured cohorts. Blunt injured groups present with staining 1.2 mm ahead of the optic nerve, indicating axonal breakage closer to the optic chiasm. In blast groups, APP was identifiable in a bilateral pattern only in the geniculate nucleus. Evidence for unilateral neuronal degeneration in brain tissue with bilateral axonal ruptures are pivotal discoveries in this model differentiation. Analysis of the two injury models suggests that there is a significant difference in the histological outcomes dependent on injury type, though visual system injury is likely present in more cases than are currently diagnosed clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Hetzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - C O'Connell
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - V Lallo
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - M Robson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - N K Evanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang DP, Kang K, Hai J, Lv QL, Wu ZB. Alleviating CB2-Dependent ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improves Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38214766 PMCID: PMC10786746 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Augmentation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may trigger excessive oxidative stress, which induces mitochondrial dysfunction. The fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, URB597, shows anti-oxidation characteristics in multiple neurological disorders. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibition of ER stress was involved in the protective effects of URB597 against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced cognitive impairment. Hippocampal HT-22 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. The cell viability, apoptosis, ER stress, mitochondrial ATP, and oxidative stress levels were assessed following treatment with URB597, benzenebutyric acid (4-PBA), and thapsigargin (TG). Furthermore, the effects of URB597 on ER stress and related pathways were investigated in the CCH animal model, including Morris water maze testing of cognition, western blotting analysis of ER stress signaling, and transmission electron microscopy of mitochondrial and ER ultrastructure changes. The results suggested that cerebral ischemia caused ER stress with upregulation of ER stress signaling-related proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, ultrastructural injuries of mitochondria-associated ER membranes, and cognitive decline. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the interaction between CB2 and β-Arrestin1. Inhibiting ER stress by URB597 improved these changes by activating CB2/β-Arrestin1 signaling, which was reversed by the CB2 antagonist, AM630. Together, the results identified a novel mechanism of URB597, involving CCH-induced cognitive impairment alleviation of CB2-dependent ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, this study identified CB2 as a potential target for therapy of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tong Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Kai Kang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Research and Surveillance Evaluation, Shanghai Municipal Center for Health Promotion, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tong Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiao Li Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Food-Origin Mycotoxin-Induced Neurotoxicity: Intend to Break the Rules of Neuroglia Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9967334. [PMID: 34621467 PMCID: PMC8492254 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are key risk factors in human food and animal feed. Most of food-origin mycotoxins could easily enter the organism and evoke systemic toxic effects, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). For the last decade, the researches have provided much evidences in vivo and in vitro that the brain is an important target organ on mycotoxin-mediated neurotoxic phenomenon and neurodegenerative diseases. As is known to all, glial cells are the best regulator and defender of neurons, and a few evaluations about the effects of mycotoxins on glial cells such as astrocytes or microglia have been conducted. The fact that mycotoxin contamination may be a key factor in neurotoxicity and glial dysfunction is exactly the reason why we reviewed the activation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function changes of glial cells under mycotoxin infection and summarized the mycotoxin-mediated glial cell proliferation disorders, death pathways, and inflammatory responses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze various pathways in which common food-derived mycotoxins can induce glial toxicity and provide a novel perspective for future research on the neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Park YS, Kim HL, Lee SH, Zhang Y, Kim IB. Expression of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Marker GRP78 in the Normal Retina and Retinal Degeneration Induced by Blue LED Stimuli in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050995. [PMID: 33922686 PMCID: PMC8145904 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of blindness. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response that affects cell survival and death and GRP78 forms a representative protective response. We aimed to determine the exact localization of GRP78 in an animal model of light-induced retinal degeneration. Dark-adapted mice were exposed to blue light-emitting diodes and retinas were obtained at 24 h and 72 h after exposure. In the normal retina, we found that GRP78 was rarely detected in the photoreceptor cells while it was expressed in the perinuclear space of the cell bodies in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. After injury, the expression of GRP78 in the outer nuclear and inner plexiform layers increased in a time-dependent manner. However, an increased GRP78 expression was not observed in damaged photoreceptor cells in the outer nuclear layer. GRP78 was located in the perinuclear space and ER lumen of glial cells and the ER developed in glial cells during retinal degeneration. These findings suggest that GRP78 and the ER response are important for glial cell activation in the retina during photoreceptor degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.S.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hong-Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.S.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.S.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (Y.S.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7263
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HL, Riew TR, Park J, Lee Y, Kim IB. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy Using Frozen Section Obtained Using Cryo-Ultramicrotomy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084273. [PMID: 33924132 PMCID: PMC8074315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-electron microscopy (Immuno-EM) is a powerful tool for identifying molecular targets with ultrastructural details in biological specimens. However, technical barriers, such as the loss of ultrastructural integrity, the decrease in antigenicity, or artifacts in the handling process, hinder the widespread use of the technique by biomedical researchers. We developed a method to overcome such challenges by combining light and electron microscopy with immunolabeling based on Tokuyasu's method. Using cryo-sectioned biological specimens, target proteins with excellent antigenicity were first immunolabeled for confocal analysis, and then the same tissue sections were further processed for electron microscopy, which provided a well-preserved ultrastructure comparable to that obtained using conventional electron microscopy. Moreover, this method does not require specifically designed correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) devices but rather employs conventional confocal and electron microscopes; therefore, it can be easily applied in many biomedical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-L.K.); (J.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Jieun Park
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-L.K.); (J.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Youngchun Lee
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-L.K.); (J.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-L.K.); (J.P.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
- Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7263
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang Z, Yang M, Ji H. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in palmitic acid-induced apoptosis in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:213-224. [PMID: 33528736 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated free fatty acid, may cause apoptosis when overloaded in non-fat cells. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is known to translocate from the mitochondria into the nucleus to induce apoptosis. However, it remains to be investigated whether AIF involved in palmitic acid-induced lipoapoptosis in fish. In the present study, we cloned a coding sequence of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) AIF (CiAIF) gene, and determined its function in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. The open reading frame (ORF) of CiAIF gene is 1863 bp, encoding a precursor protein of 620 amino acids (aa). Sequence analysis indicated that CiAIF contains a mitochondrial localization sequence, a conserved Pyr_redox and a C-terminal domain. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the CiAIF gene tended to cluster with sequences from Danio rerio. CiAIF gene was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, muscle, brain, eye, kidney, intestine, and fat. Moreover, we demonstrated that PA treatment induced the expression level of CiAIF and increases in markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Meanwhile, ER stress-inducing agent thapsigargin (TG) induced CiAIF translocated into the nucleus in CIK cells, whereas the suppression of ER stress inhibited PA-induced CiAIF expression and apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of CiAIF caused apoptosis by upregulating capase9, capase8, and capase3b, and affects protein translation via directly interacting with CieIF3g. Taken together, our data indicate that in Ctenopharyngodon idellus, PA is key elements that affect not only ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis but also different physiological functions, such as protein translation, and CiAIF might play a key role in this progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Riew TR, Kim S, Jin X, Kim HL, Lee JH, Lee MY. Osteopontin and its spatiotemporal relationship with glial cells in the striatum of rats treated with mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid: possible involvement in phagocytosis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:99. [PMID: 31088570 PMCID: PMC6518780 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) is upregulated in response to acute brain injury, and based on its immunoreactivity, two distinct forms have been identified: intracellular OPN within brain macrophages and small granular OPN, identified as OPN-coated degenerated neurites. This study investigates the spatiotemporal relationship between punctate OPN deposition and astroglial and microglial reactions elicited by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with mitochondrial toxin 3-NP and euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Quantitative and qualitative light and electron microscopic techniques were used to assess the relationship between OPN and glial cells. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test or a one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Results Punctate OPN-immunoreactive profiles were synthesized and secreted by amoeboid-like brain macrophages in the lesion core, but not by reactive astrocytes and activated microglia with a stellate shape in the peri-lesional area. Punctate OPN accumulation was detected only in the lesion core away from reactive astrocytes in the peri-lesional area at day 3, but had direct contact with, and even overlapped with astroglial processes at day 7. The distance between the OPN-positive area and the astrocytic scar significantly decreased from days 3 to 7. By days 14 and 28 post-lesion, when the glial scar was fully formed, punctate OPN distribution mostly overlapped with the astrocytic scar. Three-dimensional reconstructions and quantitative image analysis revealed numerous granular OPN puncta inside the cytoplasm of reactive astrocytes and brain macrophages. Reactive astrocytes showed prominent expression of the lysosomal marker lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed OPN-coated degenerating neurites inside astrocytes, suggesting the phagocytosis of OPN puncta by reactive astrocytes after injury. Conclusions Punctate OPN-immunoreactive profiles corresponded to OPN-coated degenerated neurites, which were closely associated with, or completely engulfed by, the reactive astrocytes forming the astroglial scar in 3-NP lesioned striatum, suggesting that OPN may cause astrocytes to migrate towards these degenerated neurites in the lesion core to establish physical contact with, and possibly, to phagocytose them. Our results provide novel insights essential to understanding the recovery and repair of the central nervous system tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1489-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuyan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, Laboratory of Electron Microscope, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,The Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|