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Pilic J, Gottschalk B, Bourgeois B, Habisch H, Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Erdogan YC, Miri SM, Yiğit EN, Aydın MŞ, Öztürk G, Eroglu E, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Madl T, Graier WF, Malli R. Hexokinase 1 forms rings that regulate mitochondrial fission during energy stress. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00512-4. [PMID: 38981483 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes can adapt during energy stress, but the consequences of these adaptations remain understudied. Here, we discovered that hexokinase 1 (HK1), a key glycolytic enzyme, forms rings around mitochondria during energy stress. These HK1-rings constrict mitochondria at contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial dynamics protein (MiD51). HK1-rings prevent mitochondrial fission by displacing the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) from mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) and mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1). The disassembly of HK1-rings during energy restoration correlated with mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, we identified that the lack of ATP and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) promotes the formation of HK1-rings. Mutations that affect the formation of HK1-rings showed that HK1-rings rewire cellular metabolism toward increased TCA cycle activity. Our findings highlight that HK1 is an energy stress sensor that regulates the shape, connectivity, and metabolic activity of mitochondria. Thus, the formation of HK1-rings may affect mitochondrial function in energy-stress-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Pilic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E Oflaz
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yusuf C Erdogan
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Seyed M Miri
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye; Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esra N Yiğit
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye; Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ş Aydın
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye; Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tobias Madl
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Center for Medical Research, CF Bioimaging, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Malli R, Graier WF. An unexpected effect of risperidone reveals a nonlinear relationship between cytosolic Ca 2+ and mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:13-35. [PMID: 36368872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria actively contribute to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release are well characterized and are attributed to the multi-protein assembly of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC) and the mitochondrial sodium-calcium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Hence, Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) into the mitochondrial matrix has been quantitatively visualized on the subcellular level using targeted fluorescent biosensors. However, a correlation between the amplitude of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation with that in the mitochondrial matrix has not been investigated in detail so far. In the present study, we combined the Ca2+-mobilizing agonist histamine with the H1-receptor antagonist risperidone to establish a well-tunable experimental approach allowing the correlation between low, slow, high, and fast cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in response to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-triggered ER Ca2+ release. Our present data confirm a defined threshold in cytosolic Ca2+, which is necessary for the activation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Moreover, our data support the hypothesis of different modes of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depending on the source of the ion (i.e., ER vs SOCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf A Bachkoenig
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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3
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Gottschalk B, Koshenov Z, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Radulović S, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Bachkoenig OA, Leitinger G, Malli R, Graier WF. MICU1 controls spatial membrane potential gradients and guides Ca 2+ fluxes within mitochondrial substructures. Commun Biol 2022; 5:649. [PMID: 35778442 PMCID: PMC9249747 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ultrastructure represents a pinnacle of form and function, with the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) forming isolated pockets of cristae membrane (CM), separated from the inner-boundary membrane (IBM) by cristae junctions (CJ). Applying structured illumination and electron microscopy, a novel and fundamental function of MICU1 in mediating Ca2+ control over spatial membrane potential gradients (SMPGs) between CM and IMS was identified. We unveiled alterations of SMPGs by transient CJ openings when Ca2+ binds to MICU1 resulting in spatial cristae depolarization. This Ca2+/MICU1-mediated plasticity of the CJ further provides the mechanistic bedrock of the biphasic mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake kinetics via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) during intracellular Ca2+ release: Initially, high Ca2+ opens CJ via Ca2+/MICU1 and allows instant Ca2+ uptake across the CM through constantly active MCU. Second, MCU disseminates into the IBM, thus establishing Ca2+ uptake across the IBM that circumvents the CM. Under the condition of MICU1 methylation by PRMT1 in aging or cancer, UCP2 that binds to methylated MICU1 destabilizes CJ, disrupts SMPGs, and facilitates fast Ca2+ uptake via the CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gottschalk
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhanat Koshenov
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Snježana Radulović
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E. Oflaz
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Gottschalk B, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Citrin mediated metabolic rewiring in response to altered basal subcellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:76. [PMID: 35058562 PMCID: PMC8776887 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to long-term metabolic reprogramming, metabolic rewiring represents an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress. Ca2+ signals of distinct spatio-temporal patterns control a plethora of signaling processes and can determine basal cellular metabolic setting, however, Ca2+ signals that define metabolic rewiring have not been conclusively identified and characterized. Here, we reveal the existence of a basal Ca2+ flux originating from extracellular space and delivered to mitochondria by Ca2+ leakage from inositol triphosphate receptors in mitochondria-associated membranes. This Ca2+ flux primes mitochondrial metabolism by maintaining glycolysis and keeping mitochondria energized for ATP production. We identified citrin, a well-defined Ca2+-binding component of malate-aspartate shuttle in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, as predominant target of this basal Ca2+ regulation. Our data emphasize that any manipulation of this ubiquitous Ca2+ system has the potency to initiate metabolic rewiring as an instant and reversible cellular adaptation to physiological or pathological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Furkan E Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Chemogenetic approaches to dissect the role of H2O2 in redox-dependent pathways using genetically encoded biosensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:335-345. [PMID: 35015078 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetic tools are recombinant enzymes that can be targeted to specific organelles and tissues. The provision or removal of the enzyme substrate permits control of its biochemical activities. Yeast-derived enzyme D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) represents the first of its kind for a substrate-based chemogenetic approach to modulate H2O2 concentrations within cells. Combining these powerful enzymes with multiparametric imaging methods exploiting genetically encoded biosensors has opened new lines of investigations in life sciences. In recent years, the chemogenetic DAAO approach has proven beneficial to establish a new role for (patho)physiological oxidative stress on redox-dependent signaling and metabolic pathways in cultured cells and animal model systems. This mini-review covers established or emerging methods and assesses newer approaches exploiting chemogenetic tools combined with genetically encoded biosensors.
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Koshenov Z, Oflaz FE, Hirtl M, Pilic J, Bachkoenig OA, Gottschalk B, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Rost R, Malli R, Graier WF. Sigma-1 Receptor Promotes Mitochondrial Bioenergetics by Orchestrating ER Ca 2+ Leak during Early ER Stress. Metabolites 2021; 11:422. [PMID: 34206832 PMCID: PMC8305890 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a complex, multifunctional organelle of eukaryotic cells and responsible for the trafficking and processing of nearly 30% of all human proteins. Any disturbance to these processes can cause ER stress, which initiates an adaptive mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER functions and homeostasis. Mitochondrial ATP production is necessary to meet the high energy demand of the UPR, while the molecular mechanisms of ER to mitochondria crosstalk under such stress conditions remain mainly enigmatic. Thus, better understanding the regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics during ER stress is essential to combat many pathologies involving ER stress, the UPR, and mitochondria. This article investigates the role of Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R), an ER chaperone, has in enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics during early ER stress using human neuroblastoma cell lines. Our results show that inducing ER stress with tunicamycin, a known ER stressor, greatly enhances mitochondrial bioenergetics in a time- and S1R-dependent manner. This is achieved by enhanced ER Ca2+ leak directed towards mitochondria by S1R during the early phase of ER stress. Our data point to the importance of S1R in promoting mitochondrial bioenergetics and maintaining balanced H2O2 metabolism during early ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanat Koshenov
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Furkan E. Oflaz
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Martin Hirtl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Johannes Pilic
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Olaf A. Bachkoenig
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Benjamin Gottschalk
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Rene Rost
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Roland Malli
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (Z.K.); (F.E.O.); (M.H.); (J.P.); (O.A.B.); (B.G.); (C.T.M.-S.); (R.R.); (R.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Wang H, Fang B, Peng B, Wang L, Xue Y, Bai H, Lu S, Voelcker NH, Li L, Fu L, Huang W. Recent Advances in Chemical Biology of Mitochondria Targeting. Front Chem 2021; 9:683220. [PMID: 34012953 PMCID: PMC8126688 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.683220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital subcellular organelles that generate most cellular chemical energy, regulate cell metabolism and maintain cell function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is directly linked to numerous diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, thyroid squamous disease, cancer and septicemia. Thus, the design of specific mitochondria-targeting molecules and the realization of real-time acquisition of mitochondrial activity are powerful tools in the study and treatment of mitochondria dysfunction in related diseases. Recent advances in mitochondria-targeting agents have led to several important mitochondria chemical probes that offer the opportunity for selective targeting molecules, novel biological applications and therapeutic strategies. This review details the structural and physiological functional characteristics of mitochondria, and comprehensively summarizes and classifies mitochondria-targeting agents. In addition, their pros and cons and their related chemical biological applications are discussed. Finally, the potential biomedical applications of these agents are briefly prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Limin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufei Xue
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shenci Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
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Redolfi N, Greotti E, Zanetti G, Hochepied T, Fasolato C, Pendin D, Pozzan T. A New Transgenic Mouse Line for Imaging Mitochondrial Calcium Signals. FUNCTION 2021; 2:zqab012. [PMID: 35330679 PMCID: PMC8788866 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in cellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. Dysfunction in the organelle Ca2+ handling appears to be involved in several pathological conditions, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac failure and malignant transformation. In the past years, several targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) have been developed to study Ca2+ dynamics inside mitochondria of living cells. Surprisingly, while there is a number of transgenic mice expressing different types of cytosolic GECIs, few examples are available expressing mitochondria-localized GECIs, and none of them exhibits adequate spatial resolution. Here we report the generation and characterization of a transgenic mouse line (hereafter called mt-Cam) for the controlled expression of a mitochondria-targeted, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Cameleon, 4mtD3cpv. To achieve this goal, we engineered the mouse ROSA26 genomic locus by inserting the optimized sequence of 4mtD3cpv, preceded by a loxP-STOP-loxP sequence. The probe can be readily expressed in a tissue-specific manner upon Cre recombinase-mediated excision, obtainable with a single cross. Upon ubiquitous Cre expression, the Cameleon is specifically localized in the mitochondrial matrix of cells in all the organs and tissues analyzed, from embryos to aged animals. Ca2+ imaging experiments performed in vitro and ex vivo in brain slices confirmed the functionality of the probe in isolated cells and live tissues. This new transgenic mouse line allows the study of mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics in different tissues with no invasive intervention (such as viral infection or electroporation), potentially allowing simple calibration of the fluorescent signals in terms of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tino Hochepied
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristina Fasolato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Diana Pendin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
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Urbani A, Prosdocimi E, Carrer A, Checchetto V, Szabò I. Mitochondrial Ion Channels of the Inner Membrane and Their Regulation in Cell Death Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:620081. [PMID: 33585458 PMCID: PMC7874202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.620081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are bioenergetic organelles with a plethora of fundamental functions ranging from metabolism and ATP production to modulation of signaling events leading to cell survival or cell death. Ion channels located in the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes critically control mitochondrial function and, as a consequence, also cell fate. Opening or closure of mitochondrial ion channels allow the fine-tuning of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production, and function of the respiratory chain complexes. In this review, we critically discuss the intracellular regulatory factors that affect channel activity in the inner membrane of mitochondria and, indirectly, contribute to cell death. These factors include various ligands, kinases, second messengers, and lipids. Comprehension of mitochondrial ion channels regulation in cell death pathways might reveal new therapeutic targets in mitochondria-linked pathologies like cancer, ischemia, reperfusion injury, and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Carrer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Filadi R, Greotti E. The yin and yang of mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in cell physiology and pathology. Cell Calcium 2020; 93:102321. [PMID: 33310302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are autonomous and dynamic cellular organelles orchestrating a diverse range of cellular activities. Numerous cell-signaling pathways target these organelles and Ca2+ is one of the most significant. Mitochondria are able to rapidly and transiently take up Ca2+, thanks to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex, as well as to extrude it through the Na+/Ca2+ and H+/Ca2+ exchangers. The transient accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondrial matrix impacts on mitochondrial functions and cell pathophysiology. Here we summarize the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling in both physiological (yang) and pathological (yin) processes and the methods that can be used to investigate mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis. As an example of the pivotal role of mitochondria in pathology, we described the state of the art of mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in different pathological conditions, with a special focus on Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy.
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