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Creanga-Murariu I, Filipiuc LE, Gogu MR, Ciorpac M, Cumpat CM, Tamba BI, Alexa-Stratulat T. The potential neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy: in vitro study on neurite outgrowth. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1395951. [PMID: 38933665 PMCID: PMC11199736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1395951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a shared burden for 68.1% of oncological patients undergoing chemotherapy with Paclitaxel (PTX). The symptoms are intense and troublesome, patients reporting paresthesia, loss of sensation, and dysesthetic pain. While current medications focus on decreasing the symptom intensity, often ineffective, no medication is yet recommended by the guidelines for the prevention of CIPN. Cannabinoids are an attractive option, as their neuroprotective features have already been demonstrated in neuropathies with other etiologies, by offering the peripheral neurons protection against toxic effects, which promotes analgesia. Methods: We aim to screen several new cannabinoids for their potential use as neuroprotective agents for CIPN by investigating the cellular toxicity profile and by assessing the potential neuroprotective features against PTX using a primary dorsal root ganglion neuronal culture. Results: Our study showed that synthetic cannabinoids JWH-007, AM-694 and MAB-CHMINACA and phytocannabinoids Cannabixir® Medium dried flowers (NC1) and Cannabixir® THC full extract (NC2) preserve the viability of fibroblasts and primary cultured neurons, in most of the tested dosages and time-points. The combination between the cannabinoids and PTX conducted to a cell viability of 70%-89% compared to 40% when PTX was administered alone for 48 h. When assessing the efficacy for neuroprotection, the combination between cannabinoids and PTX led to better preservation of neurite length at all tested time-points compared to controls, highly drug and exposure-time dependent. By comparison, the combination of the cannabinoids and PTX administered for 24 h conducted to axonal shortening between 23% and 44%, as opposed to PTX only, which shortened the axons by 63% compared to their baseline values. Discussion and Conclusion: Cannabinoids could be potential new candidates for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy; however, our findings need to be followed by additional tests to understand the exact mechanism of action, which would support the translation of the cannabinoids in the oncological clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Creanga-Murariu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Iasi, Romania
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
| | - Leontina-Elena Filipiuc
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Iasi, Romania
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria-Raluca Gogu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitica Ciorpac
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Marinela Cumpat
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular and Respiratory Rehabilitation Clinic, Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Iasi, Romania
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania
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Duncan RS, Riordan SM, Gernon MC, Koulen P. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders: preclinical models and clinical studies. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:788-799. [PMID: 37843213 PMCID: PMC10664133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from Cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human body. They have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human diseases. Some of these include central nervous system (CNS) diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids, endocannabinoids, are critical for normal CNS function, and if controlled or modified, may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for CNS diseases. This review discusses in vitro cellular, ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple CNS pathologies. In addition, the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of CNS diseases. Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Scott Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Sean M. Riordan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Matthew C. Gernon
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas, MO, USA
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Bai JQ, Li PB, Li CM, Li HH. N-arachidonoylphenolamine alleviates ischaemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte necroptosis by restoring proteasomal activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 963:176235. [PMID: 38096967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and subsequent heart failure. N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404) is a paracetamol lipid metabolite that has pleiotropic activity to modulate the endocannabinoid system. However, the protective role of AM404 in modulating I/R-mediated myocardial damage and the underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. A murine I/R model was generated by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. AM404 (20 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice at 2 and 24 h before the I/R operation. Our data revealed that AM404 administration to mice greatly ameliorated I/R-triggered impairment of myocardial performance and reduced infarct area, myocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by the reduction of receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1/3- mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)-mediated necroptosis and upregulation of the immunosubunits (β2i and β5i). In contrast, administration of epoxomicin (a proteasome inhibitor) dramatically abolished AM404-dependent protection against myocardial I/R damage. Mechanistically, AM404 treatment increases β5i expression, which interacts with Pellino-1 (Peli1), an E3 ligase, to form a complex with RIPK1/3, thereby promoting their degradation, which leads to inhibition of cardiomyocyte necroptosis in the I/R heart. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that AM404 could prevent cardiac I/R damage and may be a promising drug for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qin Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Pang-Bo Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Chun-Min Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
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Keimasi M, Salehifard K, Hoseini SJ, Esmaeili F, Esfahani NMJ, Amirsadri M, Keimasi M, Moradmand M, Mofid MR. Purified Native Protein Extracted from the Venom of Agelena orientalis Attenuates Memory Defects in the Rat Model of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity. Protein J 2023; 42:586-595. [PMID: 37531037 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Spider venom contains various peptides and proteins, which can be used for pharmacological applications. Finding novel therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases with the use of purified peptides and proteins, extracted from spiders can be greatly precious. Neurodegenerative diseases are rapidly developing and expanding all over the world. Excitotoxicity is a frequent condition amongst neuro-degenerative disorders. This harmful process is usually induced through hyper-activation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). The omega-agatoxin-Aa4b is a selective and strong VGCCblocker. This study aimed to investigate the effects of this blocker on the NMDA-induced memory and learning defect in rats. For this purpose, nineteen spiders of the funnel-weaver Agelena orientalis species were collected. The extracted venom was lyophilized andpurified through gel-filtration chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis techniques. Subsequently, mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) was used for identification of this bio-active small protein. Afterward, the effect of the omega-agatoxin-Aa4b (2 μg, intra-cornu ammonis-3 of the hippocampus) on the NMDA-induced learning and memory deficits in rats was evaluated. Learning and memory performances were evaluated by the use of passive avoidance test. For synaptic quantification and memory function the amount of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase ІІ (CaCdPKІІ) gene expression was measured using the Real-time PCR technique. To compare the experimental groups, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of hippocampus tissues was performed. Our results rendered that the omega-Agatoxin-Aa4b treatment can ameliorate and reverse the learning and memory impairment caused by NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keimasi
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kowsar Salehifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayyed Jafar Hoseini
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mirshah Jafar Esfahani
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Amirsadri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadjavad Keimasi
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Moradmand
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Sha L, Li G, Zhang X, Lin Y, Qiu Y, Deng Y, Zhu W, Xu Q. Pharmacological induction of AMFR increases functional EAAT2 oligomer levels and reduces epileptic seizures in mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160247. [PMID: 35938532 PMCID: PMC9462477 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) contributes to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Several strategies for increasing total EAAT2 levels have been proposed. However, the mechanism underlying the oligomeric assembly of EAAT2, impairment of which inhibits the formation of functional oligomers by EAAT2 monomers, is still poorly understood. In the present study, we identified E3 ubiquitin ligase AMFR as an EAAT2-interacting protein. AMFR specifically increased the level of EAAT2 oligomers rather than inducing protein degradation through K542-specific ubiquitination. By using tissues from humans with TLE and epilepsy model mice, we observed that AMFR and EAAT2 oligomer levels were simultaneously decreased in the hippocampus. Screening of 2386 FDA-approved drugs revealed that the most common analgesic/antipyretic medicine, acetaminophen (APAP), can induce AMFR transcriptional activation via transcription factor SP1. Administration of APAP protected against pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptogenesis. In mice with chronic epilepsy, APAP treatment partially reduced the occurrence of spontaneous seizures and greatly enhanced the antiepileptic effects of 17AAG, an Hsp90 inhibitor that upregulates total EAAT2 levels, when the 2 compounds were administered together. In summary, our studies reveal an essential role for AMFR in regulating the oligomeric state of EAAT2 and suggest that APAP can improve the efficacy of EAAT2-targeted antiepileptic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longze Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuneng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yarong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abdel Mageed SS, Ammar RM, Nassar NN, Moawad H, Kamel AS. Role of PI3K/Akt axis in mitigating hippocampal ischemia-reperfusion injury via CB1 receptor stimulation by paracetamol and FAAH inhibitor in rat. Neuropharmacology 2021; 207:108935. [PMID: 34968475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acetaminophen or paracetamol (PAR), the recommended antipyretic in COVID-19 and clinically used to alleviate stroke-associated hyperthermia interestingly activates cannabinoid receptor (CB1) through its AM404 metabolite, however, to date, no study reports the in vivo activation of PAR/AM404/CB1 axis in stroke. The current study deciphers the neuroprotective effect of PAR in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) rat model and unmasks its link with AM404/CB1/PI3K/Akt axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were allocated into 5 groups: (I) sham-operated (SO), (II) IR, (III) IR + PAR (100 mg/kg), (IV) IR + PAR (100 mg/kg) + URB597; anandamide degradation inhibitor (0.3 mg/kg) and (V) IR + PAR (100 mg/kg) + AM4113; CB1 Blocker (5 mg/kg). All drugs were intraperitoneally administered at the inception of the reperfusion period. KEY FINDINGS PAR administration alleviated the cognitive impairment in the Morris Water Maze as well as hippocampal histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of GFAP. The PAR signaling was associated with elevation of anandamide level, CB1 receptor expression and survival proteins as pS473-Akt. P(tyr202/thr204)-ERK1/2 and pS9-GSK3β. Simultaneously, PAR increased hippocampal BDNF and ß-arrestin1 levels and decreased glutamate level. PAR restores the deranged redox milieu induced by IR Injury, by reducing lipid peroxides, myeloperoxidase activity and NF-κB and increasing NPSH, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide and Nrf2 levels. The pre-administration of AM4113 reversed PAR effects, while URB597 potentiated them. SIGNIFICANCE PAR poses a significant neuroprotective effect which may be mediated, at least in part, via activation of anandamide/CB1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the IR rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Noha N Nassar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Helmy Moawad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Apweiler M, Streyczek J, Saliba SW, Ditrich J, Muñoz E, Fiebich BL. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of AM404 in IL-1β-Stimulated SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:789074. [PMID: 34867421 PMCID: PMC8635764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.789074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging number of studies address the involvement of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases. Different cytokines and molecules, such as prostaglandin (PG) E2, are associated with neuroinflammatory processes. The active acetaminophen metabolite AM404 has been shown to prevent inflammation and neuroinflammation in primary microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. However, its effects on pathophysiological conditions in the CNS and especially on neurons are still poorly understood. In this study, we therefore evaluated the effects of AM404 and acetaminophen on the arachidonic acid cascade and oxidative stress induced by interleukin (IL)-1β in human SK-N-SH neuronal cells. We observed that AM404 and acetaminophen significantly and concentration-dependent inhibited IL-1β-induced release of PGE2, independent of cyclooxygenases (COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymatic activity as well as COX-2 mRNA and protein levels in SK-N-SH-cells. The reduction of IL-1β-induced PGE2-release by AM404 and acetaminophen treatment might be mediated by the 8-iso-PGF2α pathway since IL-1β-induced synthesis of this free radical marker is dose-dependently reduced by both compounds, respectively. Therefore, understanding of the potential therapeutic properties of AM404 in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress might lead to future treatment options of different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Apweiler
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jana Streyczek
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Garrido-Suárez BB, Garrido G, Bellma Menéndez A, Merino N, Valdés O, Delgado-Hernández R, Granados-Soto V. Synergistic interaction between amitriptyline and paracetamol in persistent and neuropathic pain models: An isobolografic analysis. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105160. [PMID: 34411687 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the transient antinociceptive interaction between amitriptyline and paracetamol in the formalin test. In addition, considering other long-term neuroprotective mechanisms of these drugs, we hypothesized that this combination might exert some synergistic effects on neuropathic pain linked with its possible ability to prevent Wallerian degeneration (WD). The effects of individual and fixed-ratio of 1:1 combinations of orally administered amitriptyline and paracetamol were assayed in the two phases of the formalin test and in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model in rats. Isobolographic analysis was employed to characterize the synergism produced by the combinations. Amitriptyline, paracetamol, and fixed-ratio amitriptyline-paracetamol combinations produced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects mainly on the inflammatory tonic phase. Repeated doses of individual drugs and their combination decreased CCI-induced mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. ED30 (formalin) and ED50 (CCI) values were estimated for the individual drugs, and isobolograms were constructed. Theoretical ED30/50 values for the combination estimated from the isobolograms were 16.5 ± 3.9 mg/kg and 26.0 ± 7.2 mg/kg for the single and repeated doses in persistent and neuropathic pain models, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the actually observed ED30/50 values, which were 0.39 ± 0.1 mg/kg and 8.2 ± 0.8 mg/kg in each model, respectively, indicating a synergistic interaction. Remarkably, CCI-induced sciatic nerve WD-related histopathological changes were prevented by this combination compared to either drug administered alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara B Garrido-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave. 26 No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba; Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar, Loma y 37, CP 10300, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Gabino Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Ñ3, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Angamos, 0610, Antofagasta, Chile; Fundación ACPHARMA, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Addis Bellma Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave. 26 No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nelson Merino
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave. 26 No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - Odalys Valdés
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave. 26 No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba
| | - René Delgado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Ave. 26 No. 1605, Nuevo Vedado, Havana, Cuba; Centro de Estudio para Las Investigaciones y Evaluaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Farmacia y Alimentos, Universidad de La Habana. Calle 222, N° 2317 e/23 y 31, La Coronela, La Lisa, CP 13600, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, South Campus, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pathomechanism Characterization and Potential Therapeutics Identification for Parkinson's Disease Targeting Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031062. [PMID: 33494411 PMCID: PMC7865530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and the presence of α-synuclein-containing Lewy bodies. The unstructured α-synuclein forms insoluble fibrils and aggregates that result in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cellular toxicity in PD. Neuroinflammation engaged by microglia actively contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we showed that VB-037 (a quinoline compound), glycyrrhetic acid (a pentacyclic triterpenoid), Glycyrrhiza inflata (G. inflata, a Chinese herbal medicine), and Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang, a formulated Chinese medicine) suppressed the nitric oxide (NO) production and interleukin (IL)-1β maturation in α-synuclein-stimulated BV-2 cells. Mouse inflammation antibody array further revealed increased IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) expression in α-synuclein-inflamed BV-2 cells and compound pretreatment effectively reduced the expression and release of these pro-inflammatory mediators. The test compounds and herbal medicines further reduced α-synuclein aggregation and associated oxidative stress, and protected cells against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity by downregulating NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 (NLRP1) and 3 (NLRP3), caspase 1, IL-1β, IL-6, and associated nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα)/NF-κB P65 subunit (P65), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/proto-oncogene c-Jun (JUN), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (P38)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways in dopaminergic neurons derived from α-synuclein-expressing SH-SY5Y cells. Our findings indicate the potential of VB-037, glycyrrhetic acid, G. inflata, and SG-Tang through mitigating α-synuclein-stimulated neuroinflammation in PD, as new drug candidates for PD treatment.
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Przybyła GW, Szychowski KA, Gmiński J. Paracetamol - An old drug with new mechanisms of action. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:3-19. [PMID: 32767405 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the world. Despite its popularity and use for many years, the safety of its application and its mechanism of action are still unclear. Currently, it is believed that paracetamol is a multidirectional drug and at least several metabolic pathways are involved in its analgesic and antipyretic action. The mechanism of paracetamol action consists in inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3) and involvement in the endocannabinoid system and serotonergic pathways. Additionally, paracetamol influences transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-gated Kv7 potassium channels and inhibits T-type Cav3.2 calcium channels. It also exerts an impact on L-arginine in the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis pathway. However, not all of these effects have been clearly confirmed. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to summarize the current state of knowledge of the mechanism of paracetamol action with special attention to its safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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