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Lu X, Chen W, Tian G, Ge F. THEM6 is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21974. [PMID: 38081884 PMCID: PMC10713618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the implications of lipid metabolism-related gene thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) in breast cancer. Several databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for our meticulous bioinformatics analysis. We further performed qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and IHC assays to validate the expression of THEM6 in various breast cancer cells and tissues. In addition, we have carried out relevant functional experiments to explore the regulatory role of THEM6 in vitro. Lipid metabolism-related genes are independent factors for overall survival. According to several databases, THEM6 was significantly more expressed in cancerous tissues of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) compared to its paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, THEM6 overexpression was correlated with poorer overall survival of BRCA patients, serving as a separate prognostic factor for BRCA. Biological functional analyses revealed that THEM6 was associated with tumor progression and pathogenesis. Finally, we discovered that in BRCA, THEM6 expression was linked to multiple immune cell types. qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments demonstrated a general upregulation of THEM6 expression in breast carcinoma cells. IHC showed that THEM6 was expressed in both breast cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues, but its expression level was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues. In vitro studies indicated that THEM6 increased proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, while also affecting the cell cycle and promoting cancer progression. Furthermore, THEM6 may influence macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor microenvironment by regulating CCL2 secretion, which in turn affects macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings indicate that the overexpression of THEM6, which is linked to the development of breast cancer, is a predictor of a poor prognosis and has an impact on the degree of immune cell infiltration. Therefore, THEM6 has the potential to be a valuable target for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Gengzhou Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China.
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Yao J, Wang Z, Song W, Zhang Y. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome for neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4512-4527. [PMID: 37670126 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathological feature in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) family that sense stress signals, which play an important role in inflammation. As a member of NLRs, the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is predominantly expressed in microglia, the principal innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia release proinflammatory cytokines to cause pyroptosis through activating NLRP3 inflammasome. The active NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Recent studies also indicate the key role of neuronal NLRP3 in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. In this article, we reviewed the mechanisms of NLRP3 expression and activation and discussed the role of active NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of NDs, particularly focusing on AD. The studies suggest that targeting NLRP3 inflammasome could be a novel approach for the disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053, Beijing, China.
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Wu J, Chen G, Wang W, Yang Y, Yuan Y, Shang A, Quan W, Wang L. GTPBP4: A New Therapeutic Target Gene Promotes Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via EMT. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2164897. [PMID: 36405249 PMCID: PMC9674418 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2164897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a complex etiology involving multiple regulatory systems. Uncertainty about the biology and evolution of lung cancer has made it difficult to improve its poor prognosis. To create efficient therapeutic targets and optimal molecular screening tools for lung cancer, the most important task seems to be to understand how it develops and progresses. The expression and regulation of GTPBP4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. Using methods such as knocking down GTPBP4 in lung cancer cells and establishing a mouse lung cancer model, we found that the expression of GTPBP4 was upregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells and tissues, and that knocking down the expression of the GTPBP4 gene in A549 and Calu-1 lung adenocarcinoma cells can inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and reduce their invasion ability. The results of the mouse lung cancer model showed that the lung weight and the number of lung surface nodules decreased significantly in the LLC-GTPBP4 KO group. The mechanism by which GTPBP4 regulation affects the progression of lung adenocarcinoma may be related to the regulation of EMT. From this study, new research ideas emerge to explore GTPBP4 as a biomarker and therapeutic target for early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlu Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Center for Laboratory Medicine and School of Clinical Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750003, Ningxia, China
| | - Guofei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou 215101, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tinghu People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Luodian Hospital, Baoshan District, Shanghai 201908, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Anquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine and School of Clinical Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750003, Ningxia, China
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Battistella R, Kritsilis M, Matuskova H, Haswell D, Cheng AX, Meissner A, Nedergaard M, Lundgaard I. Not All Lectins Are Equally Suitable for Labeling Rodent Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111554. [PMID: 34768985 PMCID: PMC8584019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is vital for all tissues and the interest in its visualization spans many fields. A number of different plant-derived lectins are used for detection of vasculature; however, studies performing direct comparison of the labeling efficacy of different lectins and techniques are lacking. In this study, we compared the labeling efficacy of three lectins: Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4); wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin (LEA). The LEA lectin was identified as being far superior to the IB4 and WGA lectins in histological labeling of blood vessels in brain sections. A similar signal-to-noise ratio was achieved with high concentrations of the WGA lectin injected during intracardial perfusion. Lectins were also suitable for labeling vasculature in other tissues, including spinal cord, dura mater, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver tissues. In uninjured tissues, the LEA lectin was as accurate as the Tie2–eGFP reporter mice and GLUT-1 immunohistochemistry for labeling the cerebral vasculature, validating its specificity and sensitivity. However, in pathological situations, e.g., in stroke, the sensitivity of the LEA lectin decreases dramatically, limiting its applicability in such studies. This work can be used for selecting the type of lectin and labeling method for various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Battistella
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marios Kritsilis
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hana Matuskova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Division of Vascular Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas Haswell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anne Xiaoan Cheng
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Anja Meissner
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.H.); (A.X.C.); (M.N.)
- Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Lundgaard
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (R.B.); (M.K.); (H.M.); (A.M.)
- WCMM Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Lin A, Peiris NJ, Dhaliwal H, Hakim M, Li W, Ganesh S, Ramaswamy Y, Patel S, Misra A. Mural Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets to Bridge Cardiovascular Disease and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030593. [PMID: 33800271 PMCID: PMC7999039 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mural cells collectively refer to the smooth muscle cells and pericytes of the vasculature. This heterogenous population of cells play a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure, distribution, and the structural integrity of the vascular wall. As such, dysfunction of mural cells can lead to the pathogenesis and progression of a number of diseases pertaining to the vascular system. Cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are perhaps the most well-described mural cell-centric case. For instance, atherosclerotic plaques are most often described as being composed of a proliferative smooth muscle cap accompanied by a necrotic core. More recently, the role of dysfunctional mural cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, is being recognized. In this review, we begin with an exploration of the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, such as mural cell plasticity. Next, we highlight a selection of signaling pathways (PDGF, Notch and inflammatory signaling) that are conserved across both diseases. We propose that conserved mural cell signaling mechanisms can be exploited for the identification or development of dual-pronged therapeutics that impart both cardio- and neuroprotective qualities.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/genetics
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/pathology
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Parkinson Disease/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease/genetics
- Parkinson Disease/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease/pathology
- Pericytes/drug effects
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Pericytes/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/genetics
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Niridu Jude Peiris
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Harkirat Dhaliwal
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Maria Hakim
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Weizhen Li
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Subramaniam Ganesh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India;
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (A.L.); (N.J.P.); (H.D.); (M.H.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-18-0065-1373
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