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Al-Saei ANJM, Nour-Eldine W, Rajpoot K, Arshad N, Al-Shammari AR, Kamal M, Akil AAS, Fakhro KA, Thornalley PJ, Rabbani N. Validation of plasma protein glycation and oxidation biomarkers for the diagnosis of autism. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:653-659. [PMID: 38135754 PMCID: PMC11153128 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children. It is currently diagnosed by behaviour-based assessments made by observation and interview. In 2018 we reported a discovery study of a blood biomarker diagnostic test for ASD based on a combination of four plasma protein glycation and oxidation adducts. The test had 88% accuracy in children 5-12 years old. Herein, we present an international multicenter clinical validation study (N = 478) with application of similar biomarkers to a wider age range of 1.5-12 years old children. Three hundred and eleven children with ASD (247 male, 64 female; age 5.2 ± 3.0 years) and 167 children with typical development (94 male, 73 female; 4.9 ± 2.4 years) were recruited for this study at Sidra Medicine and Hamad Medical Corporation hospitals, Qatar, and Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Spain. For subjects 5-12 years old, the diagnostic algorithm with features, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), Nω-carboxymethylarginine (CMA) and 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone (3DG-H), and oxidative damage marker, o,o'-dityrosine (DT), age and gender had accuracy 83% (CI 79 - 89%), sensitivity 94% (CI 90-98%), specificity 67% (CI 57-76%) and area-under-the-curve of receiver operating characteristic plot (AUROC) 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90). Inclusion of additional plasma protein glycation and oxidation adducts increased the specificity to 74%. An algorithm with 12 plasma protein glycation and oxidation adduct features was optimum for children of 1.5-12 years old: accuracy 74% (CI 70-79%), sensitivity 75% (CI 63-87%), specificity 74% (CI 58-90%) and AUROC 0.79 (CI 0.74-0.84). We conclude that ASD diagnosis may be supported using an algorithm with features of plasma protein CML, CMA, 3DG-H and DT in 5-12 years-old children, and an algorithm with additional features applicable for ASD screening in younger children. ASD severity, as assessed by ADOS-2 score, correlated positively with plasma protein glycation adducts derived from methylglyoxal, hydroimidazolone MG-H1 and Nε(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL). The successful validation herein may indicate that the algorithm modifiable features are mechanistic risk markers linking ASD to increased lipid peroxidation, neuronal plasticity and proteotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wared Nour-Eldine
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- University of Birmingham Dubai, Dubai International Academic City, PO Box 341799, Dubai, UAE
| | - Noman Arshad
- BIOMISA Laboratory, Department of Computer & Software Engineering, National University of Science & Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abeer R Al-Shammari
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Madeeha Kamal
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Laboratory, Population Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Precision Medicine in Diabetes Prevention Laboratory, Population Genetics, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine-Precision Medicine Program, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naila Rabbani
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Hunter I, Coulson B, Pettini T, Davies JJ, Parkin J, Landgraf M, Baines RA. Balance of activity during a critical period tunes a developing network. eLife 2024; 12:RP91599. [PMID: 38193543 PMCID: PMC10945558 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing neural circuits are influenced by activity and are especially sensitive to changes in activity during critical periods (CPs) of development. Changes occurring during a CP often become 'locked in' so that they affect the mature network. Indeed, several neurodevelopmental disorders have been linked to excessive activity during such periods. It is, therefore, important to identify those aspects of neural circuit development that are influenced by neural activity during a CP. In this study, we take advantage of the genetic tractability of Drosophila to show that activity perturbation during an embryonic CP permanently alters properties of the locomotor circuit. Specific changes we identify include increased synchronicity of motoneuron activity and greater strengthening of excitatory over inhibitory synaptic drive to motoneurons. These changes are sufficient to reduce network robustness, evidenced by increased sensitivity to induced seizure. We also show that we can rescue these changes when increased activity is mitigated by inhibition provided by mechanosensory neurons. Similarly, we demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between inhibition experienced during the CP and the extent to which it is possible to rescue the hyperexcitable phenotype characteristic of the parabss mutation. This suggests that developing circuits must be exposed to a properly balanced sum of excitation and inhibition during the CP to achieve normal mature network function. Our results, therefore, provide novel insight into how activity during a CP shapes specific elements of a circuit, and how activity during this period is integrated to tune neural circuits to the environment in which they will likely function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Hunter
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Bramwell Coulson
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Pettini
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacob J Davies
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Jill Parkin
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthias Landgraf
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard A Baines
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Filošević Vujnović A, Rubinić M, Starčević I, Andretić Waldowski R. Influence of Redox and Dopamine Regulation in Cocaine-Induced Phenotypes Using Drosophila. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040933. [PMID: 37107308 PMCID: PMC10136103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS) are produced during cellular metabolism and their amount is finely regulated because of negative consequences that ROS accumulation has on cellular functioning and survival. However, ROS play an important role in maintaining a healthy brain by participating in cellular signaling and regulating neuronal plasticity, which led to a shift in our understanding of ROS from being solely detrimental to having a more complex role in the brain. Here we use Drosophila melanogaster to investigate the influence of ROS on behavioral phenotypes induced by single or double exposure to volatilized cocaine (vCOC), sensitivity and locomotor sensitization (LS). Sensitivity and LS depend on glutathione antioxidant defense. Catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation play a minor role, but their presence is necessary in dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons for LS. Feeding flies the antioxidant quercetin completely abolishes LS confirming the permissive role of H2O2 in the development of LS. This can only partially be rescued by co-feeding H2O2 or the dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DA) showing coordinate and similar contribution of dopamine and H2O2. Genetic versatility of Drosophila can be used as a tool for more precise dissection of temporal, spatial and transcriptional events that regulate behaviors induced by vCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Rubinić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivona Starčević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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