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Luo S, Zhou X, Zhou H, Li T, He Y, Chen JF, Zhang L. Volitional modulation of neuronal activity in the external globus pallidus by engagement of the cortical-basal ganglia circuit. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38979883 DOI: 10.1113/jp286046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Volitional modulation of neural activity is not confined to the cortex but extends to various brain regions. Yet, it remains unclear whether neurons in the basal ganglia structure, the external globus pallidus (GPe), can be volitionally controlled. Here, we employed a volitional conditioning task to compare the volitional modulation of GPe and primary motor cortex (M1) neurons as well as the underlying circuits and control mechanisms. The results revealed that the volitional modulation of GPe neuronal activity engaged both M1 and substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons, indicating the involvement of the cortex-GPe-SNr loop. In contrast, the volitional modulation of M1 neurons primarily occurred through the engagement of M1 local circuitry. Furthermore, lesioning M1 neurons did not affect the volitional learning or volitional control signal in GPe, whereas lesioning of GPe neurons impaired the learning process for the volitional modulation of M1 neuronal activity at the intermediate stage. Additionally, lesion of GPe neurons enhanced M1 neuronal activity when performing the volitional control task without reward delivery and a random reward test. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that GPe neurons could be volitionally controlled by engagement of the cortical-basal ganglia circuit and inhibit learning process for the volitional modulation of M1 neuronal activity by regulating M1 neuronal activity. Thus, GPe neurons can be effectively harnessed for independent volitional modulation for neurorehabilitation in patients with cortical damage. KEY POINTS: The cortical-basal ganglia circuit contributes to the volitional modulation of GPe neurons. Volitional modulation of M1 neuronal activity mainly engages M1 local circuitry. Bilateral GPe lesioning impedes volitional learning at the intermediate stages. Lesioning of GPe neurons inhibits volitional learning process by regulating M1 neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Luo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yutong He
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Jiao L, Kang H, Geng Y, Liu X, Wang M, Shu K. The role of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in neuromodulation therapy: a systematic review from the perspective of neural network oscillations. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1376764. [PMID: 38650866 PMCID: PMC11033491 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1376764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As a crucial component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal forebrain, dysfunction of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is associated with various neurodegenerative disorders. However, no drugs, including existing cholinesterase inhibitors, have been shown to reverse this dysfunction. Due to advancements in neuromodulation technology, researchers are exploring the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy targeting the NBM (NBM-DBS) to treat mental and neurological disorders as well as the related mechanisms. Herein, we provided an update on the research progress on cognition-related neural network oscillations and complex anatomical and projective relationships between the NBM and other cognitive structures and circuits. Furthermore, we reviewed previous animal studies of NBM lesions, NBM-DBS models, and clinical case studies to summarize the important functions of the NBM in neuromodulation. In addition to elucidating the mechanism of the NBM neural network, future research should focus on to other types of neurons in the NBM, despite the fact that cholinergic neurons are still the key target for cell type-specific activation by DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwu Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huicong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yumei Geng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Bashford L, Rosenthal I, Kellis S, Bjånes D, Pejsa K, Brunton BW, Andersen RA. Neural subspaces of imagined movements in parietal cortex remain stable over several years in humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547767. [PMID: 37461446 PMCID: PMC10350015 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
A crucial goal in brain-machine interfacing is long-term stability of neural decoding performance, ideally without regular retraining. Here we demonstrate stable neural decoding over several years in two human participants, achieved by latent subspace alignment of multi-unit intracortical recordings in posterior parietal cortex. These results can be practically applied to significantly expand the longevity and generalizability of future movement decoding devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bashford
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - I Rosenthal
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Kellis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - D Bjånes
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - K Pejsa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - BW Brunton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - RA Andersen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, and T&C Chen Brain-Machine Interface Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Zhang L, Liu C, Zhou X, Zhou H, Luo S, Wang Q, Yao Z, Chen JF. Neural representation and modulation of volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts. J Physiol 2023; 601:631-645. [PMID: 36534700 PMCID: PMC10108165 DOI: 10.1113/jp283915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Task-dependent volitional control of the selected neural activity in the cortex is critical to neuroprosthetic learning to achieve reliable and robust control of the external device. The volitional control of neural activity is driven by a motivational factor (volitional motivation), which directly reinforces the target neurons via real-time biofeedback. However, in the absence of motor behaviour, how do we evaluate volitional motivation? Here, we defined the criterion (ΔF/F) of the calcium fluorescence signal in a volitionally controlled neural task, then escalated the efforts by progressively increasing the number of reaching the criterion or holding time after reaching the criterion. We devised calcium-based progressive threshold-crossing events (termed 'Calcium PTE') and calcium-based progressive threshold-crossing holding-time (termed 'Calcium PTH') for quantitative assessment of volitional motivation in response to progressively escalating efforts. Furthermore, we used this novel neural representation of volitional motivation to explore the neural circuit and neuromodulator bases for volitional motivation. As with behavioural motivation, chemogenetic activation and pharmacological blockade of the striatopallidal pathway decreased and increased, respectively, the breakpoints of the 'Calcium PTE' and 'Calcium PTH' in response to escalating efforts. Furthermore, volitional and behavioural motivation shared similar dopamine dynamics in the nucleus accumbens in response to trial-by-trial escalating efforts. In general, the development of a neural representation of volitional motivation may open a new avenue for smooth and effective control of brain-machine interface tasks. KEY POINTS: Volitional motivation is quantitatively evaluated by M1 neural activity in response to progressively escalating volitional efforts. The striatopallidal pathway and adenosine A2A receptor modulate volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts. Dopamine dynamics encode prediction signal for reward in response to repeated escalating efforts during motor and volitional conditioning. Mice learn to modulate neural activity to compensate for repeated escalating efforts in volitional control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Luo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhimo Yao
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Tortora S, Beraldo G, Bettella F, Formaggio E, Rubega M, Del Felice A, Masiero S, Carli R, Petrone N, Menegatti E, Tonin L. Neural correlates of user learning during long-term BCI training for the Cybathlon competition. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2022; 19:69. [PMID: 35790978 PMCID: PMC9254548 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-022-01047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems capable of translating human brain patterns, measured through electroencephalography (EEG), into commands for an external device. Despite the great advances in machine learning solutions to enhance the performance of BCI decoders, the translational impact of this technology remains elusive. The reliability of BCIs is often unsatisfactory for end-users, limiting their application outside a laboratory environment. Methods We present the analysis on the data acquired from an end-user during the preparation for two Cybathlon competitions, where our pilot won the gold medal twice in a row. These data are of particular interest given the mutual learning approach adopted during the longitudinal training phase (8 months), the long training break in between the two events (1 year) and the demanding evaluation scenario. A multifaceted perspective on long-term user learning is proposed: we enriched the information gathered through conventional metrics (e.g., accuracy, application performances) by investigating novel neural correlates of learning in different neural domains. Results First, we showed that by focusing the training on user learning, the pilot was capable of significantly improving his performance over time even with infrequent decoder re-calibrations. Second, we revealed that the analysis of the within-class modifications of the pilot’s neural patterns in the Riemannian domain is more effective in tracking the acquisition and the stabilization of BCI skills, especially after the 1-year break. These results further confirmed the key role of mutual learning in the acquisition of BCI skills, and particularly highlighted the importance of user learning as a key to enhance BCI reliability. Conclusion We firmly believe that our work may open new perspectives and fuel discussions in the BCI field to shift the focus of future research: not only to the machine learning of the decoder, but also in investigating novel training procedures to boost the user learning and the stability of the BCI skills in the long-term. To this end, the analyses and the metrics proposed could be used to monitor the user learning during training and provide a marker guiding the decoder re-calibration to maximize the mutual adaptation of the user to the BCI system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12984-022-01047-x.
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Going beyond primary motor cortex to improve brain–computer interfaces. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:176-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mannan ZI, Kim H, Chua L. Implementation of Neuro-Memristive Synapse for Long-and Short-Term Bio-Synaptic Plasticity. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020644. [PMID: 33477650 PMCID: PMC7831501 DOI: 10.3390/s21020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a complex neuro-memristive synapse that exhibits the physiological acts of synaptic potentiation and depression of the human-brain. Specifically, the proposed neuromorphic synapse efficiently imitates the synaptic plasticity, especially long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), and short-term facilitation (STF) and depression (STD), phenomena of a biological synapse. Similar to biological synapse, the short- or long-term potentiation (STF and LTP) or depression (STD or LTD) of the memristive synapse are distinguished on the basis of time or repetition of input cycles. The proposed synapse is also designed to exhibit the effect of reuptake and neurotransmitters diffusion processes of a bio-synapse. In addition, it exhibits the distinct bio-realistic attributes, i.e., strong stimulation, exponentially decaying conductance trace of synapse, and voltage dependent synaptic responses, of a neuron. The neuro-memristive synapse is designed in SPICE and its bio-realistic functionalities are demonstrated via various simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubaer I. Mannan
- Division of Electronics and Information Engineering and Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 567-54896, Korea;
| | - Hyongsuk Kim
- Division of Electronics Engineering and Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 567-54896, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Leon Chua
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1770, USA;
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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Liu C, Zheng W, Yao Z, Wang Q, Jin Y, Zhang S, Chen W, Chen JF. Adenosine A 2A receptor blockade improves neuroprosthetic learning by volitional control of population calcium signal in M1 cortical neurons. Neuropharmacology 2020; 178:108250. [PMID: 32726599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Volitional control is at the core of brain-machine interfaces (BMI) adaptation and neuroprosthetic-driven learning to restore motor function for disabled patients, but neuroplasticity changes and neuromodulation underlying volitional control of neuroprosthetic learning are largely unexplored. To better study volitional control at annotated neural population, we have developed an operant neuroprosthetic task with closed-loop feedback system by volitional conditioning of population calcium signal in the M1 cortex using fiber photometry recording. Importantly, volitional conditioning of the population calcium signal in M1 neurons did not improve within-session adaptation, but specifically enhanced across-session neuroprosthetic skill learning with reduced time-to-target and the time to complete 50 successful trials. With brain-behavior causality of the neuroprosthetic paradigm, we revealed that proficiency of neuroprosthetic learning by volitional conditioning of calcium signal was associated with the stable representational (plasticity) mapping in M1 neurons with the reduced calcium peak. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of adenosine A2A receptors facilitated volitional conditioning of neuroprosthetic learning and converted an ineffective volitional conditioning protocol to be the effective for neuroprosthetic learning. These findings may help to harness neuroplasticity for better volitional control of neuroprosthetic training and suggest a novel pharmacological strategy to improve neuroprosthetic learning in BMI adaptation by targeting striatal A2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Wu Zheng
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Zhimo Yao
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qin Wang
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yile Jin
- Qiushi Academy of Advanced Studies and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Shaomin Zhang
- Qiushi Academy of Advanced Studies and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- Qiushi Academy of Advanced Studies and College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumental Science, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Lab, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China; The State Key Laboratory, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, China.
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Ito H, Fujiki S, Mori Y, Kansaku K. Self-reorganization of neuronal activation patterns in the cortex under brain-machine interface and neural operant conditioning. Neurosci Res 2020; 156:279-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ganzer PD, Colachis SC, Schwemmer MA, Friedenberg DA, Dunlap CF, Swiftney CE, Jacobowitz AF, Weber DJ, Bockbrader MA, Sharma G. Restoring the Sense of Touch Using a Sensorimotor Demultiplexing Neural Interface. Cell 2020; 181:763-773.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cogan GB. Translating the brain. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:471-472. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mannan ZI, Adhikari SP, Yang C, Budhathoki RK, Kim H, Chua L. Memristive Imitation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2019; 30:3458-3470. [PMID: 30762570 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2019.2892385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a memristive artificial neural circuit imitating the excitatory chemical synaptic transmission of biological synapse is designed. The proposed memristor-based neural circuit exhibits synaptic plasticity, one of the important neurochemical foundations for learning and memory, which is demonstrated via the efficient imitation of short-term facilitation and long-term potentiation. Moreover, the memristive artificial circuit also mimics the distinct biological attributes of strong stimulation and deficient synthesis of neurotransmitters. The proposed artificial neural model is designed in SPICE, and the biological functionalities are demonstrated via various simulations. The simulation results obtained with the proposed artificial synapse are similar to the biological features of chemical synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity.
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The Cybathlon BCI race: Successful longitudinal mutual learning with two tetraplegic users. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003787. [PMID: 29746465 PMCID: PMC5944920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at corroborating the importance and efficacy of mutual learning in motor imagery (MI) brain–computer interface (BCI) by leveraging the insights obtained through our participation in the BCI race of the Cybathlon event. We hypothesized that, contrary to the popular trend of focusing mostly on the machine learning aspects of MI BCI training, a comprehensive mutual learning methodology that reinstates the three learning pillars (at the machine, subject, and application level) as equally significant could lead to a BCI–user symbiotic system able to succeed in real-world scenarios such as the Cybathlon event. Two severely impaired participants with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), were trained following our mutual learning approach to control their avatar in a virtual BCI race game. The competition outcomes substantiate the effectiveness of this type of training. Most importantly, the present study is one among very few to provide multifaceted evidence on the efficacy of subject learning during BCI training. Learning correlates could be derived at all levels of the interface—application, BCI output, and electroencephalography (EEG) neuroimaging—with two end-users, sufficiently longitudinal evaluation, and, importantly, under real-world and even adverse conditions. Noninvasive brain–computer interface (BCI) based on imagined movements can restore functions lost to disability by enabling spontaneous, direct brain control of external devices without risks associated with surgical implantation of neural interfaces. We hypothesized that, contrary to the popular trend of focusing on the machine learning aspects of BCI training, a comprehensive mutual learning methodology could strongly promote users’ acquisition of BCI skills and lead to a system able to succeed in real-world scenarios such as the Cybathlon event, the first international competition for disabled pilots in control of assistive technology. Two severely impaired participants with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) were trained following our mutual learning approach to control their avatar in a virtual BCI race game. The evolution of the training process, including competition outcomes (gold medal, tournament record), substantiates the effectiveness of this type of training. Most importantly, the present study provides multifaceted evidence on the efficacy of subject learning during BCI training. Learning correlates could be derived at all levels of the interface—application, BCI output, and electroencephalography—with two end-users, longitudinal evaluation, and, importantly, under real-world and even adverse conditions.
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Ekanayake J, Hutton C, Ridgway G, Scharnowski F, Weiskopf N, Rees G. Real-time decoding of covert attention in higher-order visual areas. Neuroimage 2018; 169:462-472. [PMID: 29247807 PMCID: PMC5864512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-computer-interfaces (BCI) provide a means of using human brain activations to control devices for communication. Until now this has only been demonstrated in primary motor and sensory brain regions, using surgical implants or non-invasive neuroimaging techniques. Here, we provide proof-of-principle for the use of higher-order brain regions involved in complex cognitive processes such as attention. Using realtime fMRI, we implemented an online 'winner-takes-all approach' with quadrant-specific parameter estimates, to achieve single-block classification of brain activations. These were linked to the covert allocation of attention to real-world images presented at 4-quadrant locations. Accuracies in three target regions were significantly above chance, with individual decoding accuracies reaching upto 70%. By utilising higher order mental processes, 'cognitive BCIs' access varied and therefore more versatile information, potentially providing a platform for communication in patients who are unable to speak or move due to brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinendra Ekanayake
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Chloe Hutton
- Siemens Molecular Imaging, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank Scharnowski
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Geraint Rees
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Changes in cortical network connectivity with long-term brain-machine interface exposure after chronic amputation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1796. [PMID: 29180616 PMCID: PMC5703974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on neural plasticity associated with brain–machine interface (BMI) exposure have primarily documented changes in single neuron activity, and largely in intact subjects. Here, we demonstrate significant changes in ensemble-level functional connectivity among primary motor cortical (MI) neurons of chronically amputated monkeys exposed to control a multiple-degree-of-freedom robot arm. A multi-electrode array was implanted in M1 contralateral or ipsilateral to the amputation in three animals. Two clusters of stably recorded neurons were arbitrarily assigned to control reach and grasp movements, respectively. With exposure, network density increased in a nearly monotonic fashion in the contralateral monkeys, whereas the ipsilateral monkey pruned the existing network before re-forming a denser connectivity. Excitatory connections among neurons within a cluster were denser, whereas inhibitory connections were denser among neurons across the two clusters. These results indicate that cortical network connectivity can be modified with BMI learning, even among neurons that have been chronically de-efferented and de-afferented due to amputation. Previous studies have shown short-term plasticity in single neurons or local field potentials during brain-machine interface (BMI) training. Here the authors report long-term changes in functional connectivity of motor cortex neuronal ensemble activity as chronically amputated monkeys learn to operate a BMI.
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Orsborn AL, Pesaran B. Parsing learning in networks using brain-machine interfaces. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 46:76-83. [PMID: 28843838 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) define new ways to interact with our environment and hold great promise for clinical therapies. Motor BMIs, for instance, re-route neural activity to control movements of a new effector and could restore movement to people with paralysis. Increasing experience shows that interfacing with the brain inevitably changes the brain. BMIs engage and depend on a wide array of innate learning mechanisms to produce meaningful behavior. BMIs precisely define the information streams into and out of the brain, but engage wide-spread learning. We take a network perspective and review existing observations of learning in motor BMIs to show that BMIs engage multiple learning mechanisms distributed across neural networks. Recent studies demonstrate the advantages of BMI for parsing this learning and its underlying neural mechanisms. BMIs therefore provide a powerful tool for studying the neural mechanisms of learning that highlights the critical role of learning in engineered neural therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Orsborn
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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17
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Slutzky MW, Flint RD. Physiological properties of brain-machine interface input signals. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1329-1343. [PMID: 28615329 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00070.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), also called brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), decode neural signals and use them to control some type of external device. Despite many experimental successes and terrific demonstrations in animals and humans, a high-performance, clinically viable device has not yet been developed for widespread usage. There are many factors that impact clinical viability and BMI performance. Arguably, the first of these is the selection of brain signals used to control BMIs. In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics and performance-including movement-related information, longevity, and stability-of multiple types of input signals that have been used in invasive BMIs to date. These include intracortical spikes as well as field potentials obtained inside the cortex, at the surface of the cortex (electrocorticography), and at the surface of the dura mater (epidural signals). We also discuss the potential for future enhancements in input signal performance, both by improving hardware and by leveraging the knowledge of the physiological characteristics of these signals to improve decoding and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Slutzky
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; .,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert D Flint
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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19
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Schroeder KE, Chestek CA. Intracortical Brain-Machine Interfaces Advance Sensorimotor Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:291. [PMID: 27445663 PMCID: PMC4923184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) decode brain activity to control external devices. Over the past two decades, the BMI community has grown tremendously and reached some impressive milestones, including the first human clinical trials using chronically implanted intracortical electrodes. It has also contributed experimental paradigms and important findings to basic neuroscience. In this review, we discuss neuroscience achievements stemming from BMI research, specifically that based upon upper limb prosthetic control with intracortical microelectrodes. We will focus on three main areas: first, we discuss progress in neural coding of reaches in motor cortex, describing recent results linking high dimensional representations of cortical activity to muscle activation. Next, we describe recent findings on learning and plasticity in motor cortex on various time scales. Finally, we discuss how bidirectional BMIs have led to better understanding of somatosensation in and related to motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Schroeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cynthia A Chestek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Robotics Graduate Program, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
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20
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Bhagat NA, Venkatakrishnan A, Abibullaev B, Artz EJ, Yozbatiran N, Blank AA, French J, Karmonik C, Grossman RG, O'Malley MK, Francisco GE, Contreras-Vidal JL. Design and Optimization of an EEG-Based Brain Machine Interface (BMI) to an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Stroke Survivors. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:122. [PMID: 27065787 PMCID: PMC4815250 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of detecting motor intent from brain activity of chronic stroke patients using an asynchronous electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain machine interface (BMI). Intent was inferred from movement related cortical potentials (MRCPs) measured over an optimized set of EEG electrodes. Successful intent detection triggered the motion of an upper-limb exoskeleton (MAHI Exo-II), to guide movement and to encourage active user participation by providing instantaneous sensory feedback. Several BMI design features were optimized to increase system performance in the presence of single-trial variability of MRCPs in the injured brain: (1) an adaptive time window was used for extracting features during BMI calibration; (2) training data from two consecutive days were pooled for BMI calibration to increase robustness to handle the day-to-day variations typical of EEG, and (3) BMI predictions were gated by residual electromyography (EMG) activity from the impaired arm, to reduce the number of false positives. This patient-specific BMI calibration approach can accommodate a broad spectrum of stroke patients with diverse motor capabilities. Following BMI optimization on day 3, testing of the closed-loop BMI-MAHI exoskeleton, on 4th and 5th days of the study, showed consistent BMI performance with overall mean true positive rate (TPR) = 62.7 ± 21.4% on day 4 and 67.1 ± 14.6% on day 5. The overall false positive rate (FPR) across subjects was 27.74 ± 37.46% on day 4 and 27.5 ± 35.64% on day 5; however for two subjects who had residual motor function and could benefit from the EMG-gated BMI, the mean FPR was quite low (< 10%). On average, motor intent was detected -367 ± 328 ms before movement onset during closed-loop operation. These findings provide evidence that closed-loop EEG-based BMI for stroke patients can be designed and optimized to perform well across multiple days without system recalibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj A Bhagat
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anusha Venkatakrishnan
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Berdakh Abibullaev
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Houston Houston, TX, USA
| | - Edward J Artz
- Mechatronics and Haptics Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuray Yozbatiran
- NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann and University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy A Blank
- Mechatronics and Haptics Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University Houston, TX, USA
| | - James French
- Mechatronics and Haptics Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Marcia K O'Malley
- Mechatronics and Haptics Interfaces Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice UniversityHouston, TX, USA; NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann and University of Texas Health Sciences CenterHouston, TX, USA
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- NeuroRecovery Research Center at TIRR Memorial Hermann and University of Texas Health Sciences Center Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jose L Contreras-Vidal
- Non-Invasive Brain Machine Interface Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of HoustonHouston, TX, USA; Houston Methodist Research InstituteHouston, TX, USA
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21
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Golub MD, Chase SM, Batista AP, Yu BM. Brain-computer interfaces for dissecting cognitive processes underlying sensorimotor control. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 37:53-58. [PMID: 26796293 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor control engages cognitive processes such as prediction, learning, and multisensory integration. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes with arm reaching is challenging because we currently record only a fraction of the relevant neurons, the arm has nonlinear dynamics, and multiple modalities of sensory feedback contribute to control. A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a well-defined sensorimotor loop with key simplifying advantages that address each of these challenges, while engaging similar cognitive processes. As a result, BCI is becoming recognized as a powerful tool for basic scientific studies of sensorimotor control. Here, we describe the benefits of BCI for basic scientific inquiries and review recent BCI studies that have uncovered new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Golub
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University & University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Steven M Chase
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University & University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Aaron P Batista
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University & University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Systems Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University & University of Pittsburgh, United States
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22
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Morris S, Hirata M, Sugata H, Goto T, Matsushita K, Yanagisawa T, Saitoh Y, Kishima H, Yoshimine T. Patient-specific cortical electrodes for sulcal and gyral implantation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:1034-41. [PMID: 25029330 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2329812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Noninvasive localization of certain brain functions may be mapped on a millimetre level. However, the interelectrode spacing of common clinical brain surface electrodes still remains around 10 mm. Here, we present details on development of electrodes for attaining higher quality electrocorticographic signals for use in functional brain mapping and brain-machine interface (BMI) technologies. METHODS We used platinum-plate-electrodes of 1-mm diameter to produce sheet electrodes after the creation of individualized molds using a 3-D printer and a press system that sandwiched the electrodes between personalized silicone sheets. RESULTS We created arrays to fit the surface curvature of the brain and inside the central sulcus, with interelectrode distances of 2.5 mm (a density of 16 times previous standard types). Rat experiments undertaken indicated no long term toxicity. We were also able to custom design, rapidly manufacture, safely implant, and confirm the efficacy of personalized electrodes, including the capability to attain meaningful high-gamma-band information in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient. CONCLUSION We developed cortical sheet electrodes with a high-spatial resolution, tailor-made to match an individual's brain. SIGNIFICANCE This sheet electrode may contribute to the higher performance of BMI's.
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Voluntary control of corticomuscular coherence through neurofeedback: a proof-of-principle study in healthy subjects. Neuroscience 2015; 290:243-54. [PMID: 25596321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Corticomuscular coherence (CMC) relates to synchronization between activity in the motor cortex and the muscle activity. The strength of CMC can be affected by motor behavior. In a proof-of-principle study, we examined whether independent of motor output parameters, healthy subjects are able to voluntarily modulate CMC in a neurofeedback paradigm. Subjects received visual online feedback of their instantaneous CMC strength, which was calculated between an optimized spatial projection of multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) in an individually defined target frequency range. The neurofeedback training consisted of either increasing or decreasing CMC strength using a self-chosen mental strategy while performing a simple motor task. Evaluation of instantaneous coherence showed that CMC strength was significantly larger when subjects had to increase than when to decrease CMC; this difference between the two task conditions did not depend on motor performance. The exclusion of confounding factors such as motor performance, attention and task complexity in study design provides evidence that subjects were able to voluntarily modify CMC independent of motor output parameters. Additional analysis further strengthened the assumption that the subjects' response was specifically shaped by the neurofeedback. In perspective, we suggest that CMC-based neurofeedback could provide a therapeutic approach in clinical conditions, such as motor stroke, where CMC is altered.
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25
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Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to help people with paralysis by decoding movement-related neural signals into control signals for guiding computer cursors, prosthetic arms, and other assistive devices. Despite compelling laboratory experiments and ongoing FDA pilot clinical trials, system performance, robustness, and generalization remain challenges. We provide a perspective on how two complementary lines of investigation, that have focused on decoder design and neural adaptation largely separately, could be brought together to advance BMIs. This BMI paradigm should also yield new scientific insights into the function and dysfunction of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna V Shenoy
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Bioengineering & Neurobiology, Stanford Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Jose M Carmena
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94704, USA.
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26
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Contreras-Vidal JL. Identifying Engineering, Clinical and Patient's Metrics for Evaluating and Quantifying Performance of Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) Systems. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS 2014; 2014:1489-1492. [PMID: 26330746 DOI: 10.1109/smc.2014.6974126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brain-machine interface (BMI) devices have unparalleled potential to restore functional movement capabilities to stroke, paralyzed and amputee patients. Although BMI systems have achieved success in a handful of investigative studies, translation of closed-loop neuroprosthetic devices from the laboratory to the market is challenged by gaps in the scientific data regarding long-term device reliability and safety, uncertainty in the regulatory, market and reimbursement pathways, lack of metrics for evaluating and quantifying performance in BMI systems, as well as patient-acceptance challenges that impede their fast and effective translation to the end user. This review focuses on the identification of engineering, clinical and user's BMI metrics for new and existing BMI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Contreras-Vidal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, TX 77004, USA and the Department of Neurosurgery at The Methodist Hospital Research Institute
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27
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Ison M, Artemiadis P. The role of muscle synergies in myoelectric control: trends and challenges for simultaneous multifunction control. J Neural Eng 2014; 11:051001. [PMID: 25188509 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/5/051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Myoelectric control is filled with potential to significantly change human-robot interaction due to the ability to non-invasively measure human motion intent. However, current control schemes have struggled to achieve the robust performance that is necessary for use in commercial applications. As demands in myoelectric control trend toward simultaneous multifunctional control, multi-muscle coordinations, or synergies, play larger roles in the success of the control scheme. Detecting and refining patterns in muscle activations robust to the high variance and transient changes associated with surface electromyography is essential for efficient, user-friendly control. This article reviews the role of muscle synergies in myoelectric control schemes by dissecting each component of the scheme with respect to associated challenges for achieving robust simultaneous control of myoelectric interfaces. Electromyography recording details, signal feature extraction, pattern recognition and motor learning based control schemes are considered, and future directions are proposed as steps toward fulfilling the potential of myoelectric control in clinically and commercially viable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ison
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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28
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Shmuelof L, Krakauer JW. Recent insights into perceptual and motor skill learning. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:683. [PMID: 25232311 PMCID: PMC4153040 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Shmuelof
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - John W Krakauer
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Closed-loop brain-machine-body interfaces for noninvasive rehabilitation of movement disorders. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1573-93. [PMID: 24833254 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional approaches for neurological rehabilitation of patients affected with movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dystonia, and essential tremor (ET) consist mainly of oral medication, physical therapy, and botulinum toxin injections. Recently, the more invasive method of deep brain stimulation (DBS) showed significant improvement of the physical symptoms associated with these disorders. In the past several years, the adoption of feedback control theory helped DBS protocols to take into account the progressive and dynamic nature of these neurological movement disorders that had largely been ignored so far. As a result, a more efficient and effective management of PD cardinal symptoms has emerged. In this paper, we review closed-loop systems for rehabilitation of movement disorders, focusing on PD, for which several invasive and noninvasive methods have been developed during the last decade, reducing the complications and side effects associated with traditional rehabilitation approaches and paving the way for tailored individual therapeutics. We then present a novel, transformative, noninvasive closed-loop framework based on force neurofeedback and discuss several future developments of closed-loop systems that might bring us closer to individualized solutions for neurological rehabilitation of movement disorders.
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30
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Shen G, Zhang J, Wang M, Lei D, Yang G, Zhang S, Du X. Decoding the individual finger movements from single-trial functional magnetic resonance imaging recordings of human brain activity. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:2071-82. [PMID: 24661456 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multivariate pattern classification analysis (MVPA) has been applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to decode brain states from spatially distributed activation patterns. Decoding upper limb movements from non-invasively recorded human brain activation is crucial for implementing a brain-machine interface that directly harnesses an individual's thoughts to control external devices or computers. The aim of this study was to decode the individual finger movements from fMRI single-trial data. Thirteen healthy human subjects participated in a visually cued delayed finger movement task, and only one slight button press was performed in each trial. Using MVPA, the decoding accuracy (DA) was computed separately for the different motor-related regions of interest. For the construction of feature vectors, the feature vectors from two successive volumes in the image series for a trial were concatenated. With these spatial-temporal feature vectors, we obtained a 63.1% average DA (84.7% for the best subject) for the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex and a 46.0% average DA (71.0% for the best subject) for the contralateral primary motor cortex; both of these values were significantly above the chance level (20%). In addition, we implemented searchlight MVPA to search for informative regions in an unbiased manner across the whole brain. Furthermore, by applying searchlight MVPA to each volume of a trial, we visually demonstrated the information for decoding, both spatially and temporally. The results suggest that the non-invasive fMRI technique may provide informative features for decoding individual finger movements and the potential of developing an fMRI-based brain-machine interface for finger movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhong-Shan Road, 200062, Shanghai, China
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