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Tsuji M, Tanaka N, Koike H, Sato Y, Shimoyama Y, Itoh A. Various Organ Damages in Rats with Fetal Growth Restriction and Their Slight Attenuation by Bifidobacterium breve Supplementation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2005. [PMID: 37895387 PMCID: PMC10607936 DOI: 10.3390/life13102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its resultant low birthweight (LBW) are at a higher risk of developing various health problems later in life, including renal diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sarcopenia. The mechanism through which LBW caused by intrauterine hypoperfusion leads to these health problems has not been properly investigated. Oral supplementation with probiotics is expected to reduce these risks in children. In the present study, rat pups born with FGR-LBW after mild intrauterine hypoperfusion were supplemented with either Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) or a vehicle from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P21. Splanchnic organs and skeletal muscles were evaluated at six weeks of age. Compared with the sham group, the LBW-vehicle group presented significant changes as follows: overgrowth from infancy to childhood; lighter weight of the liver, kidneys, and gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles; reduced height of villi in the ileum; and increased depth of crypts in the jejunum. Some of these changes were milder in the LBW-B.breve group. In conclusion, this rat model could be useful for investigating the mechanisms of how FGR-LBW leads to future health problems and for developing interventions for these problems. Supplementation with B. breve in early life may modestly attenuate these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Koike
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan;
| | - Yoshie Shimoyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ayaka Itoh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women’s University, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
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2
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Tsuji M, Mukai T, Sato Y, Azuma Y, Yamamoto S, Cayetanot F, Bodineau L, Onoda A, Nagamura-Inoue T, Coq JO. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy to prevent the development of neurodevelopmental disorders related to low birth weight. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3841. [PMID: 36882440 PMCID: PMC9992354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder and autism spectrum disorder, as well as cerebral palsy, for which no prophylactic measure exists. Neuroinflammation in fetuses and neonates plays a major pathogenic role in NDDs. Meanwhile, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that systemic administration of UC-MSCs in the early postnatal period may attenuate neuroinflammation and thereby prevent the emergence of NDDs. The LBW pups born to dams subjected to mild intrauterine hypoperfusion exhibited a significantly lesser decrease in the monosynaptic response with increased frequency of stimulation to the spinal cord preparation from postnatal day 4 (P4) to P6, suggesting hyperexcitability, which was improved by intravenous administration of human UC-MSCs (1 × 105 cells) on P1. Three-chamber sociability tests at adolescence revealed that only LBW males exhibited disturbed sociability, which tended to be ameliorated by UC-MSC treatment. Other parameters, including those determined via open-field tests, were not significantly improved by UC-MSC treatment. Serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were not elevated in the LBW pups, and UC-MSC treatment did not decrease these levels. In conclusion, although UC-MSC treatment prevents hyperexcitability in LBW pups, beneficial effects for NDDs are marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasue Azuma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Saki Yamamoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Florence Cayetanot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Bodineau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR_S1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Atsuto Onoda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagamura-Inoue
- Department of Cell Processing and Transfusion, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM) UMR7287, Aix Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, CC 910, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
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3
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Robinson S, Winer JL, Kitase Y, Brigman JL, Jantzie LL. Neonatal administration of erythropoietin attenuates cognitive deficits in adult rats following placental insufficiency. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2112-2126. [PMID: 33611820 PMCID: PMC10097461 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth is a principal cause of neurological disability later in life, including cognitive and behavioral deficits. Notably, cognitive impairment has greater impact on quality of life than physical disability. Survivors of preterm birth commonly have deficits of executive function. Difficulties with tasks and planning complexity correlate positively with increasing disability. To overcome these barriers for children born preterm, preclinical and clinical studies have emphasized the importance of neurorestoration. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a endogenous cytokine with multiple beneficial mechanisms of action following perinatal brain injury. While most preclinical investigations have focused on pathology and molecular mechanisms, translational studies of repair using clinically viable biobehavioral biomarkers are still lacking. Here, using an established model of encephalopathy of prematurity secondary to placental insufficiency, we tested the hypothesis that administration of EPO in the neonatal period would attenuate deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility in adult rats of both sexes. We assessed cognition and executive function in two ways. First, using the classic test of novel object recognition and second, using a touchscreen platform. Touchscreen testing allows for rigorous testing of cognition and executive function in preclinical and clinical scenarios. Data show that adult rats exhibit deficits in recognition memory and cognitive flexibility following in utero placental insufficiency. Notably, neonatal treatment of EPO attenuates these deficits in adulthood and facilitates functional repair. Together, these data validate EPO neurorestoration using a clinically relevant outcome measure and support the concept that postnatal treatment following in utero injury can improve cognition and executive function through adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesse L Winer
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Yuma Kitase
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lauren L Jantzie
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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4
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Itoh A, Tanaka N, Fukunaga S, Nakano-Doi A, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi T, Tsuji M. Bifidobacterium breve during infancy attenuates mobility in low birthweight rats. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15209. [PMID: 35938576 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with low birthweight (LBW) have a higher risk for developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, for which no prophylactic measure exists. The gut microbiota in infants with LBW is different from that in infants with normal birthweight and is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium has several health benefits, such as suppressing inflammation. METHODS We examined the effect of gavage supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V from postnatal days 1-21 in a rat model of intrauterine hypoperfusion. RESULTS The open-field test at 5 weeks of age (equivalent to human pubertal age) showed that rats in the LBW-vehicle group were marginally hyperactive compared with rats in the sham group, while rats in the LBW-B.breve group were significantly hypoactive compared with rats in the LBW-vehicle group. The gut microbiota in the LBW-vehicle group exhibited a profile significantly different from that in the sham group, whereas the gut microbiota in the LBW-B.breve group did not exhibit a significant difference from that in the sham group. Anatomical/histological evaluation at 6 weeks of age demonstrated that the brain weight and the cerebral areas on coronal sections were reduced in the LBW groups compared with the sham group. Probiotic supplementation did not ameliorate these morphological brain anomalies in LBW animals. The percentage of Iba-1+ cells in the brain was not different among the LBW-B.breve, LBW-vehicle, and sham groups. CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium breve supplementation during early life is suggested to have the potential to help children with LBW attenuate hypermobility in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Itoh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Fukunaga
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and CNS Repair, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and CNS Repair, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Yin S, Meng Y, Liu C, Wang Y. MIUH Inhibits the Hippocampal Neuron Growth in Fetal Rat by Affecting the PTEN Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2046-2055. [PMID: 34003417 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mild intrauterine hypoperfusion (MIUH) can induce placental dysfunction and lead to long-term changes during the process of brain development. A better understanding of the mechanism of MIUH will help in the development of new neuroprotective strategies for the placental chamber. To better understand the mechanism of the effect of MIUH on the neural development of offspring, we constructed a model of MIUH in pregnant rats. The proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of hippocampal neurons in fetal rats were studied via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, JC-1 staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction at different time points (6, 24, 48, and 72 h). The results showed that MIUH significantly inhibited the proliferation of hippocampal neurons and promoted their apoptosis and autophagy. Simultaneously, MIUH could promote PTEN expression and affect the PTEN signaling pathway. bpV, an inhibitor of PTEN, could restore the inhibition of hippocampal nerve cell growth caused by MIUH. MIUH may inhibit neuronal proliferation and promote neuronal apoptosis and autophagy by regulating the PTEN signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Yin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yilin Meng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Mao M, Yang L, Jin Z, Li LX, Wang YR, Li TT, Zhao YJ, Ai J. Impact of intrauterine hypoxia on adolescent and adult cognitive function in rat offspring: sexual differences and the effects of spermidine intervention. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:361-369. [PMID: 32694754 PMCID: PMC8027377 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia (IUH) affects the growth and development of offspring. It remains unclear that how long the impact of IUH on cognitive function lasts and whether sexual differences exist. Spermidine (SPD) has shown to improve cognition, but its effect on the cognitive function of IUH offspring remains unknown. In the present study we investigated the influence of IUH on body weight and neurological, motor and cognitive function and the expression of APP, BACE1 and Tau5 proteins in brain tissues in 2- and 4-month-old IUH rat offspring, as well as the effects of SPD intervention on these parameters. IUH rat model was established by treating pregnant rats with intermittent hypoxia on gestational days 15-21, meanwhile pregnant rats were administered SPD (5 mg·kg-1·d-1;ip) for 7 days. Neurological deficits were assessed in the Longa scoring test; motor and cognitive functions were evaluated in coat hanger test and active avoidance test, respectively. We found that IUH decreased the body weight of rats in both sexes but merely impaired motor and cognitive function in female rats without changing neurological function in the rat offspring of either sex at 2 months of age. For 4-month-old offspring, IUH decreased body weight in males and impaired neurological function and increased cognitive function in both sexes. IUH did not affect APP, BACE1 or Tau5 protein expression in either the hippocampus or cortex of all offspring; however, it increased the cortical Tau5 level in 2-month-old female offspring. Surprisingly, SPD intervention prevented weight loss. SPD intervention reversed the motor and cognitive decline caused by IUH in 2-month-old female rat offspring. Taken together, IUH-induced cognitive decline in rat offspring is sex-dependent during puberty and can be recovered in adult rats. SPD intervention improves IUH-induced cognitive and neural function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhuo Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ling-Xu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yan-Ru Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin, 150086, China.
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7
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Oxidative Stress and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Rat Offspring with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Induced by Reduced Uterine Perfusion. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010078. [PMID: 33435577 PMCID: PMC7826770 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is worldwide associated with delayed neurodevelopment. The exact mechanism involved in delayed neurodevelopment associated with IUGR is still unclear. Reduced uterine perfusion (RUP) is among the main causes of placental insufficiency leading to IUGR, which is associated with increases in oxidative stress. This study investigated whether oxidative stress is associated with delayed neurodevelopment in IUGR rat pups. Pregnant rats were exposed to RUP surgery on gestational day 14 to generate IUGR rat offspring. We evaluated offspring’s morphometric at birth, and neurodevelopment on postnatal day 21 (PD21) as well as markers of oxidative stress in plasma and brain. Offspring from dams exposed to RUP showed significant (p < 0.05) lower birth weight compared to controls, indicating IUGR. Motor and cognitive deficits, and levels of oxidative stress markers, were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in IUGR offspring compared to controls. IUGR offspring showed significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations between brain lipid peroxidation and neurocognitive tests (open field and novel object recognition) in comparison with controls. Our findings suggest that neurodevelopmental delay observed in IUGR rat offspring is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress markers.
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8
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Raieli V, D'Amico A, Piro E. Migraine in Children Under 7 Years of Age: a Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24:79. [PMID: 33326057 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the accumulation of a significant amount of data on pediatric headache, few studies have been conducted on its occurrence in children under 7 years of age. Within primary headaches in this age, migraine especially, turns out to be a disorder affecting up to 4% of the general population. An underestimate of its true prevalence can be due to lack of specific diagnostic markers, the frequent difficulty of describing pain in childhood, and the necessity of reliable parents' reports. Thus, migraine in children under 7 years of age represents an important challenge for clinicians. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiologic, clinic, and therapeutic aspects of migraine in this age. RECENT FINDINGS Current literature data show that migraine has some differences, especially in clinical and therapeutic terms, in this age group compared to subsequent ages. Furthermore, some evidences showing that an early onset of migraine may play an unfavorable role in its natural history, suggest an early identification and management of migraine in younger children. Moreover, we highlight the role that factors of prenatal and perinatal development can play in the predisposition and anticipation of migraine onset. Finally, open questions related to the several undefined features of migraine in this age are reported. Migraine in this pediatric population is absolutely not rare, represents an importan clinical challenge and probably has a negative predictive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Raieli
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit- ISMEP -P.O. Cristina - ARNAS Civico, via dei Benedettini 1, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonina D'Amico
- Department for Health Promotion, Maternal Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro," Child Neuropsychiatry School, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Via A. Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ettore Piro
- Department for Health Promotion, Maternal Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro," Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Via A. Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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9
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From cerebral palsy to developmental coordination disorder: Development of preclinical rat models corresponding to recent epidemiological changes. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 63:422-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Hamdy N, Eide S, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Animal models for neonatal brain injury induced by hypoxic ischemic conditions in rodents. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113457. [PMID: 32889009 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia and resulting encephalopathies are of significant concern. Intrapartum asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal death globally. Among surviving infants, there remains a high incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, manifesting as mild conditions including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and debilitating disorders such as cerebral palsy. Various animal models of neonatal hypoxic brain injury have been implemented to explore cellular and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of novel therapeutic strategies, and characterize the functional and behavioural correlates of injury. Each of the animal models has individual advantages and limitations. The present review looks at several widely-used and alternative rodent models of neonatal hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia; it highlights their strengths and limitations, and their potential for continued and improved use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hamdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sarah Eide
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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11
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Mavrovic M, Uvarov P, Delpire E, Vutskits L, Kaila K, Puskarjov M. Loss of non-canonical KCC2 functions promotes developmental apoptosis of cortical projection neurons. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48880. [PMID: 32064760 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
KCC2, encoded in humans by the SLC12A5 gene, is a multifunctional neuron-specific protein initially identified as the chloride (Cl- ) extruder critical for hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor currents. Independently of its canonical function as a K-Cl cotransporter, KCC2 regulates the actin cytoskeleton via molecular interactions mediated through its large intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD). Contrary to the common assumption that embryonic neocortical projection neurons express KCC2 at non-significant levels, here we show that loss of KCC2 enhances apoptosis of late-born upper-layer cortical projection neurons in the embryonic brain. In utero electroporation of plasmids encoding truncated, transport-dead KCC2 constructs retaining the CTD was as efficient as of that encoding full-length KCC2 in preventing elimination of migrating projection neurons upon conditional deletion of KCC2. This was in contrast to the effect of a full-length KCC2 construct bearing a CTD missense mutation (KCC2R952H ), which disrupts cytoskeletal interactions and has been found in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders, notably seizures and epilepsy. Together, our findings indicate ion transport-independent, CTD-mediated regulation of developmental apoptosis by KCC2 in migrating cortical projection neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mavrovic
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pavel Uvarov
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laszlo Vutskits
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Puskarjov
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Synowiec S, Lu J, Yu L, Goussakov I, Lieber R, Drobyshevsky A. Spinal Hyper-Excitability and Altered Muscle Structure Contribute to Muscle Hypertonia in Newborns After Antenatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in a Rabbit Cerebral Palsy Model. Front Neurol 2019; 9:1183. [PMID: 30705663 PMCID: PMC6344443 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbit kits after global antenatal hypoxic-ischemic injury exhibit motor deficits similar to humans with cerebral palsy. We tested several mechanisms previously implicated in spinal hyper-excitability after perinatal brain injury that may explain muscle hypertonia in newborns. Stiffness of hind limb muscles during passive stretch, electromyogram, and spinal excitability by Hoffman reflex, were assessed in rabbit kits with muscle hypertonia after global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and naïve controls. Affected muscle architecture, motoneuron morphology, primary afferents density, gliosis, and KCC2 expression transporter in the spinal cord were also examined. Decrease knee stiffness after anesthetic administration was larger, but residual stiffness was higher in hypertonic kits compared to controls. Hypertonic kits exhibited muscle shortening and atrophy, in both agonists and antagonists. Sarcomere length was longer in tibialis anterior in hypertonic kits than in controls. Hypertonic kits had decreased rate dependent depression and increased Hmax/Mmax in H-reflex. Motor neuron soma sizes, primary afferent density were not different between controls and hypertonic kits. Length of dendritic tree and ramification index were lower in hypertonic group. Gene expression of KCC2 was lower in hypertonic kits, but protein content was not different between the groups. In conclusion, while we found evidence of decreased supraspinal inhibitory control and increased excitability by H-reflex that may contribute to neuronal component in hypertonia, increased joint resistance to stretch was explained predominantly by changes in passive properties of muscles and joints. We did not find structural evidence of increased sensory afferent input or morphological changes in motoneurons that might explain increased excitability. Gliosis, observed in spinal gray matter, may contribute to muscle hypertonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Synowiec
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ivan Goussakov
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Richard Lieber
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University and the Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander Drobyshevsky
- Department of Pediatrics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, United States
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Canu MH, Fourneau J, Coq JO, Dannhoffer L, Cieniewski-Bernard C, Stevens L, Bastide B, Dupont E. Interplay between hypoactivity, muscle properties and motor command: How to escape the vicious deconditioning circle? Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 62:122-127. [PMID: 30394346 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent processes addressing the central nervous system (CNS) and musculoskeletal structures are critical for maintaining motor performance. Chronic reduction in activity, whether due to a sedentary lifestyle or extended bed rest, results in impaired performance in motor tasks and thus decreased quality of life. In the first part of this paper, we give a narrative review of the effects of hypoactivity on the neuromuscular system and behavioral outcomes. Motor impairments arise from a combination of factors including altered muscle properties, impaired afferent input, and plastic changes in neural structure and function throughout the nervous system. There is a reciprocal interplay between the CNS and muscle properties, and these sensorimotor loops are essential for controlling posture and movement. As a result, patients under hypoactivity experience a self-perpetuating cycle, in with sedentarity leading to decreased motor activity and thus a progressive worsening of a situation, and finally deconditioning. Various rehabilitation strategies have been studied to slow down or reverse muscle alteration and altered motor performance. In the second part of the paper, we review representative protocols directed toward the muscle, the sensory input and/or the cerebral cortex. Improving an understanding of the loss of motor function under conditions of disuse (such as extended bed rest) as well as identifying means to slow this decline may lead to therapeutic strategies to preserve quality of life for a range of individuals. The most efficient strategies seem multifactorial, using a combination of approaches targeting different levels of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Canu
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Julie Fourneau
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Coq
- UMR 7289, CNRS, institut de neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille université, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Luc Dannhoffer
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Cieniewski-Bernard
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Stevens
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Erwan Dupont
- EA 7369 "activité physique, muscle et santé", unité de recherche pluridisciplinaire sport santé société (URePSSS), université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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