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Monroy GR, Murguiondo Pérez R, Weintraub Ben Zión E, Vidal Alcántar-Garibay O, Loza-López EC, Tejerina Marion E, Blancarte Hernández E, Navarro-Torres L, Ibarra A. Immunization with Neural-Derived Peptides in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030919. [PMID: 36979898 PMCID: PMC10046177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a major health problem worldwide. Statistics suggest that in America in 2030 there will be more than 12 million people suffering from a neurodegenerative pathology. Furthermore, the increase in life expectancy enhances the importance of finding new and better therapies for these pathologies. NDDs could be classified into chronic or acute, depending on the time required for the development of clinical symptoms and brain degeneration. Nevertheless, both chronic and acute stages share a common immune and inflammatory pathway in their pathophysiology. Immunization with neural-derived peptides (INDP) is a novel therapy that has been studied during the last decade. By inoculating neural-derived peptides obtained from the central nervous system (CNS), this therapy aims to boost protective autoimmunity, an autoreactive response that leads to a protective phenotype that produces a healing environment and neuroregeneration instead of causing damage. INDP has shown promising findings in studies performed either in vitro, in vivo or even in some pre-clinical trials of different NDDs, standing as a potentially beneficial therapy. In this review, we will describe some of the studies in which the effect of INDP strategies have been explored in different (chronic and acute) neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Renata Murguiondo Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Efraín Weintraub Ben Zión
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Oscar Vidal Alcántar-Garibay
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Ericka Cristina Loza-López
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Emilio Tejerina Marion
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Enrique Blancarte Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Lisset Navarro-Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Antonio Ibarra
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Neuroimmunology Department, Proyecto CAMINA A.C., Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Medvediev VV, Oleksenko NP, Pichkur LD, Verbovska SA, Savosko SI, Draguntsova NG, Lontkovskyi YA, Vaslovych VV, Tsymbalyuk VI. Implantation Effect of a Fibrin Matrix Associated with Mesenchymal Wharton’s Jelly Stromal Cells on the Course of an Experimental Spinal Cord Injury. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Blando S, Anchesi I, Mazzon E, Gugliandolo A. Can a Scaffold Enriched with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Be a Good Treatment for Spinal Cord Injury? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147545. [PMID: 35886890 PMCID: PMC9319719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a worldwide highly crippling disease that can lead to the loss of motor and sensory neurons. Among the most promising therapies, there are new techniques of tissue engineering based on stem cells that promote neuronal regeneration. Among the different types of stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seem the most promising. Indeed, MSCs are able to release trophic factors and to differentiate into the cell types that can be found in the spinal cord. Currently, the most common procedure to insert cells in the lesion site is infusion. However, this causes a low rate of survival and engraftment in the lesion site. For these reasons, tissue engineering is focusing on bioresorbable scaffolds to help the cells to stay in situ. Scaffolds do not only have a passive role but become fundamental for the trophic support of cells and the promotion of neuroregeneration. More and more types of materials are being studied as scaffolds to decrease inflammation and increase the engraftment as well as the survival of the cells. Our review aims to highlight how the use of scaffolds made from biomaterials enriched with MSCs gives positive results in in vivo SCI models as well as the first evidence obtained in clinical trials.
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Palumbo ML, Moroni AD, Quiroga S, Castro MM, Burgueño AL, Genaro AM. Immunomodulation induced by central nervous system-related peptides as a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00795. [PMID: 34609083 PMCID: PMC8491457 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are disorders characterized by the progressive loss of neurons affecting motor, sensory, and/or cognitive functions. The incidence of these diseases is increasing and has a great impact due to their high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, current therapeutic strategies only temporarily improve the patients' quality of life but are insufficient for completely alleviating the symptoms. An interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) is widely associated with neuronal damage in NDD. Usually, immune cell infiltration has been identified with inflammation and is considered harmful to the injured CNS. However, the immune system has a crucial role in the protection and regeneration of the injured CNS. Nowadays, there is a consensus that deregulation of immune homeostasis may represent one of the key initial steps in NDD. Dr. Michal Schwartz originally conceived the concept of "protective autoimmunity" (PA) as a well-controlled peripheral inflammatory reaction after injury, essential for neuroprotection and regeneration. Several studies suggested that immunizing with a weaker version of the neural self-antigen would generate PA without degenerative autoimmunity. The development of CNS-related peptides with immunomodulatory neuroprotective effect led to important research to evaluate their use in chronic and acute NDD. In this review, we refer to the role of PA and the potential applications of active immunization as a therapeutic option for NDD treatment. In particular, we focus on the experimental and clinical promissory findings for CNS-related peptides with beneficial immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Palumbo
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Alejandro David Moroni
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Sofía Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María Micaela Castro
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIT NOBA)‐UNNOBA‐UNsADA‐CONICETJunínArgentina
| | - Adriana Laura Burgueño
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana María Genaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICETPontificia Universidad Católica ArgentinaBuenos AiresArgentina
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Rodríguez-Barrera R, Rivas-González M, García-Sánchez J, Mojica-Torres D, Ibarra A. Neurogenesis after Spinal Cord Injury: State of the Art. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061499. [PMID: 34203611 PMCID: PMC8232196 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the adult state is the process of new neuron formation. This relatively infrequent phenomenon comprises four stages: cell proliferation, cell migration, differentiation, and the integration of these cells into an existing circuit. Recent reports suggest that neurogenesis can be found in different regions of the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the spinal cord (SC). This process can be observed in physiological settings; however, it is more evident in pathological conditions. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the activation of microglial cells and certain cytokines have shown to exert different modulatory effects depending on the presence of inflammation and on the specific region of the injury site. In these conditions, microglial cells and cytokines are considered to play an important role in the regulation of neurogenesis after SCI. The purpose of this article is to present an overview on neural progenitor cells and neurogenic and non-neurogenic zones as well as the cellular and molecular regulation of neurogenesis. Additionally, we will briefly describe the recent advances in the knowledge of neurogenesis after SCI.
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