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Lee J, Kim K, Cho Y, Kim H. Application of Muscle Synergies for Gait Rehabilitation After Stroke: Implications for Future Research. Neurol Int 2024; 16:1451-1463. [PMID: 39585067 PMCID: PMC11587486 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Revised: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Muscle synergy analysis based on machine learning has significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the central nervous system motor control of gait and has identified abnormal gait synergies in stroke patients through various analytical approaches. However, discrepancies in experimental conditions and computational methods have limited the clinical application of these findings. This review seeks to integrate the results of existing studies on the features of muscle synergies in stroke-related gait abnormalities and provide clinical and research insights into gait rehabilitation. METHODS A systematic search of Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted, yielding 10 full-text articles for inclusion. RESULTS By comprehensively reviewing the consistencies and differences in the study outcomes, we emphasize the need to segment the gait cycle into specific phases (e.g., weight acceptance, push-off, foot clearance, and leg deceleration) during the treatment process of gait rehabilitation and to develop rehabilitation protocols aimed at restoring normal synergy patterns in each gait phase and fractionating reduced synergies. CONCLUSIONS Future research should focus on validating these protocols to improve clinical outcomes and introducing indicators to assess abnormalities in the temporal features of muscle synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuk Lee
- Smart Technology Laboratory, Kongju National University, Cheonan-si 31080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kimyung Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youngchae Cho
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hyeongdong Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (K.K.); (Y.C.)
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Borzelli D, De Marchis C, Quercia A, De Pasquale P, Casile A, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS, d’Avella A. Muscle Synergy Analysis as a Tool for Assessing the Effectiveness of Gait Rehabilitation Therapies: A Methodological Review and Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:793. [PMID: 39199751 PMCID: PMC11351442 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the modular hypothesis for the control of movement, muscles are recruited in synergies, which capture muscle coordination in space, time, or both. In the last two decades, muscle synergy analysis has become a well-established framework in the motor control field and for the characterization of motor impairments in neurological patients. Altered modular control during a locomotion task has been often proposed as a potential quantitative metric for characterizing pathological conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the recent literature that used a muscle synergy analysis of neurological patients' locomotion as an indicator of motor rehabilitation therapy effectiveness, encompassing the key methodological elements to date. Searches for the relevant literature were made in Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Most of the 15 full-text articles which were retrieved and included in this review identified an effect of the rehabilitation intervention on muscle synergies. However, the used experimental and methodological approaches varied across studies. Despite the scarcity of studies that investigated the effect of rehabilitation on muscle synergies, this review supports the utility of muscle synergies as a marker of the effectiveness of rehabilitative therapy and highlights the challenges and open issues that future works need to address to introduce the muscle synergies in the clinical practice and decisional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Borzelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.Q.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Angelica Quercia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.Q.); (A.C.)
| | - Paolo De Pasquale
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (P.D.P.); (A.Q.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Antonino Casile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.Q.); (A.C.)
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy; (P.D.P.); (A.Q.); (R.S.C.)
| | | | - Andrea d’Avella
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Hagen AC, Patrick CM, Bast IE, Fling BW. Propulsive Force Modulation Drives Split-Belt Treadmill Adaptation in People with Multiple Sclerosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1067. [PMID: 38400224 PMCID: PMC10891828 DOI: 10.3390/s24041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Most people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience significant gait asymmetries between their legs during walking, leading to an increased risk of falls. Split-belt treadmill training, where the speed of each limb is controlled independently, alters each leg's stepping pattern and can improve gait symmetry in PwMS. However, the biomechanical mechanisms of this adaptation in PwMS remain poorly understood. In this study, 32 PwMS underwent a 10 min split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm with the more affected (MA) leg moving twice as fast as the less affected (LA) leg. The most noteworthy biomechanical adaptation observed was increased peak propulsion asymmetry between the limbs. A kinematic analysis revealed that peak dorsiflexion asymmetry and the onset of plantarflexion in the MA limb were the primary contributors to the observed increases in peak propulsion. In contrast, the joints in the LA limb underwent only immediate reactive adjustments without subsequent adaptation. These findings demonstrate that modulation during gait adaptation in PwMS occurs primarily via propulsive forces and joint motions that contribute to propulsive forces. Understanding these distinct biomechanical changes during adaptation enhances our grasp of the rehabilitative impact of split-belt treadmill training, providing insights for refining therapeutic interventions aimed at improving gait symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Hagen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA; (C.M.P.); (I.E.B.)
| | - Christopher M. Patrick
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA; (C.M.P.); (I.E.B.)
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1617, USA
| | - Isaac E. Bast
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA; (C.M.P.); (I.E.B.)
| | - Brett W. Fling
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1582, USA; (C.M.P.); (I.E.B.)
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1617, USA
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Parsaei M, Amanollahi M, TaghaviZanjani F, Khanmohammadi S, Jameie M, Naser Moghadasi A. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on gait and balance of persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A narrative review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 82:105415. [PMID: 38211505 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is among the most common reasons for disability in young adults. Mobility impairment, primarily related to gait and balance, is ranked as the preeminent concern among persons with MS (PwMS). Gait and balance dysfunction can directly affect the quality of life and activities of daily life in PwMS, hence the importance of effective treatment strategies. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive effect of various non-pharmacological rehabilitation methods, including physiotherapy and electrical stimulation, on gait and mobility in PwMS. Non-pharmacological methods can be tailored to the individual needs and abilities of each patient, allowing healthcare providers to create personalized training programs. Furthermore, these methods typically result in minimal or no side effects. PURPOSE This review provides a comprehensive overview of an array of non-pharmacological treatment approaches aimed at enhancing ambulatory performance in PwMS. METHODS We performed a narrative review of the original papers available in PubMed, investigating the effects of different nonmedical approaches on the gait and balance performance of the PwMS. Reviewed treatment approaches include "exercise, physical rehabilitation, dual-task (DT) rehabilitation, robot-assisted rehabilitation, virtual reality-assisted rehabilitation, game training, electrical stimulation devices, auditory stimulation, visual feedback, and shoe insoles". RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Eighty articles were meticulously reviewed. Our study highlights the positive effects of non-pharmacological interventions on patients' quality of life, reducing disability, fatigue, and muscle spasticity. While some methods, including exercise and physiotherapy, showed substantial promise, further research is needed to evaluate whether visual biofeedback and auditory stimulation are preferable over conventional approaches. Additionally, approaches such as functional electrical stimulation, non-invasive brain stimulation, and shoe insoles demonstrate substantial short-term benefits, prompting further investigation into their long-term effects. Non-pharmacological interventions can serve as a valuable complement to medication-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadamin Parsaei
- Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amanollahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Melika Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mestanza Mattos FG, Luciano F, Lencioni T, Gervasoni E, Jonsdottir J, Anastasi D, Pavei G, Clerici M, Cattaneo D. Complementary use of statistical parametric mapping and gait profile score to describe walking alterations in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10465. [PMID: 37380732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait analysis is often used to study locomotor alterations in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), but the large number of extracted variables challenges the interpretability. In this paper, we analysed gait alterations by combining the Gait Profile Score (GPS), which summarizes kinematic locomotor deviations, and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), which compares kinematics and kinetics over the whole gait cycle. Eleven PwMS and 11 speed-matched Healthy Controls (HC) underwent overground gait analysis. GPS were compared through independent-samples t-tests; sagittal-plane kinematics and power at hip, knee, and ankle were compared through SPM Hotelling's-T2 and SPM t-tests. Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) between GPS and clinical outcomes were also calculated. PwMS had higher GPS than HC (PwMS = 8.74 ± 2.13°; HC = 5.01 ± 1.41°;p < 0.001). Multivariate SPM found statistically significant differences at 0-49%, 70-80%, and 93-99% of stride (p < 0.05) and univariate analysis showed reduced ankle dorsiflexion, and lower knee flexion during pre-swing and swing. GPS correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (r = 0.65; 95%C.I.[0.04,0.91]; p = 0.04) and 2-Minute Walking Test (r = -0.65; 95%C.I.[-0.91,-0.04]; p = 0.04). GPS in conjunction with SPM revealed multi-joint kinematic alterations on sagittal plane involving distal joint angles, ankle and knee, during the stance phase with no changes at the proximal level. Gait deviations were more pronounced in PwMS with higher disability and walking limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Luciano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lencioni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Gervasoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy.
| | - Johanna Jonsdottir
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Anastasi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaspare Pavei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20100, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20100, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cattaneo
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20100, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148, Milan, Italy
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Chang MC, Lee BJ, Yang D, Kim CR, Park D, Kim S. The association between cognition and gait disturbance in central nervous system demyelinating disorder with mild disability. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:177. [PMID: 37120584 PMCID: PMC10148385 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gait disturbance in central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is one of the most troublesome problems that has a direct impact on the quality of life. However, the associations between gait disturbance and other clinical variables of these two diseases have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate gait disturbance using a computerized gait analysis system and its association with various clinical variables in patients with MS and NMO. METHODS A total of 33 patients (14 with MS and 19 with NMO) with minor disabilities, who were able to walk independently and had passed their acute phase, were enrolled in the study. Gait analysis were performed using a computer-based instrumented walkway system. (Walk-way MG-1000, Anima, Japan) Clinical variables, such as disease duration, medication, body mass index (BMI), hand grip power, and muscle mass were recorded. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Beck Depression Inventory score-II (BDI), and fatigue scale were measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-fatigue scale (FACIT-fatigue) scale. A trained neurologist scored the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). RESULTS Gait speed was the single parameter that showed a significant positive correlation with MOCA (p < 0.001). The stance phase time was the single parameter that showed a significant negative correlation with EDSS (p < 0.001). Hand grip strength showed a significant positive correlation with skeletal muscle mass as assessed by bioimpedance analysis (p < 0.05). The FACIT-fatigue scale score showed a significant negative correlation with the BDI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In our patients with MS/NMO with mild disability, cognitive impairment was significantly correlated with gait speed, and the degree of disability was significantly correlated with stance phase time. Our findings may imply that early detection of a decrease in gait speed and an increase in stance phase time can predict the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with MS/NMO with mild disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Ayang-Ro 99 Gil, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41199, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseok Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chung Reen Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Donghwi Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Ayang-Ro 99 Gil, Dong-Gu, Daegu, 41199, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, 877 Bangeojin sunhwando-ro, Dong-gu, 44033, Ulsan, Korea.
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Ao M, Shi H, Li X, Huang H, Ao Y, Wang W. Effects of visual restoration on gait performance and kinematics of lower extremities in patients with age-related cataract. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:596-603. [PMID: 36877988 PMCID: PMC10106207 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual inputs are critical for locomotor navigation and sensorimotor integration in the elderly; however, the mechanism needs to be explored intensively. The present study assessed the gait pattern after cataract surgery to investigate the effects of visual restoration on locomotion. METHODS The prospective study recruited 32 patients (70.1 ± 5.2 years) with bilateral age-related cataracts in the Department of Ophthalmology at Peking University Third Hospital from October 2016 to December 2019. The temporal-spatial gait parameters and kinematic parameters were measured by the Footscan system and inertial measurement units. Paired t -test was employed to compare data normally distributed and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed. RESULTS After visual restoration, the walking speed increased by 9.3% (1.19 ± 0.40 m/s vs. 1.09 ± 0.34 m/s, P =0.008) and exhibited an efficient gait pattern with significant decrease in gait cycle (1.02 ± 0.08 s vs. 1.04 ± 0.07 s, P =0.012), stance time (0.66 ± 0.06 s vs. 0.68 ± 0.06 s, P =0.045), and single support time (0.36 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.37 ± 0.02 s, P =0.011). High amplitude of joint motion was detected in the sagittal plane in the left hip (37.6° ± 5.3° vs. 35.5° ± 6.2°, P =0.014), left thigh (38.0° ± 5.2° vs. 36.4° ± 5.8°, P =0.026), left shank (71.9° ± 5.7° vs. 70.1° ± 5.6°, P =0.031), and right knee (59.1° ± 4.8° vs. 56.4° ± 4.8°, P =0.001). The motor symmetry of thigh improved from 8.35 ± 5.30% to 6.30 ± 4.73% ( P =0.042). CONCLUSIONS The accelerated gait in response to visual restoration is characterized by decreased stance time and increased range of joint motion. Training programs for improving muscle strength of lower extremities might be helpful to facilitate the adaptation to these changes in gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Ao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongshi Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Borzelli D, Gurgone S, De Pasquale P, Lotti N, d’Avella A, Gastaldi L. Use of Surface Electromyography to Estimate End-Point Force in Redundant Systems: Comparison between Linear Approaches. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:234. [PMID: 36829728 PMCID: PMC9952324 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the force exerted by muscles from their electromyographic (EMG) activity may be useful to control robotic devices. Approximating end-point forces as a linear combination of the activities of multiple muscles acting on a limb may lead to an inaccurate estimation because of the dependency between the EMG signals, i.e., multi-collinearity. This study compared the EMG-to-force mapping estimation performed with standard multiple linear regression and with three other algorithms designed to reduce different sources of the detrimental effects of multi-collinearity: Ridge Regression, which performs an L2 regularization through a penalty term; linear regression with constraints from foreknown anatomical boundaries, derived from a musculoskeletal model; linear regression of a reduced number of muscular degrees of freedom through the identification of muscle synergies. Two datasets, both collected during the exertion of submaximal isometric forces along multiple directions with the upper limb, were exploited. One included data collected across five sessions and the other during the simultaneous exertion of force and generation of different levels of co-contraction. The accuracy and consistency of the EMG-to-force mappings were assessed to determine the strengths and drawbacks of each algorithm. When applied to multiple sessions, Ridge Regression achieved higher accuracy (R2 = 0.70) but estimations based on muscle synergies were more consistent (differences between the pulling vectors of mappings extracted from different sessions: 67%). In contrast, the implementation of anatomical constraints was the best solution, both in terms of consistency (R2 = 0.64) and accuracy (74%), in the case of different co-contraction conditions. These results may be used for the selection of the mapping between EMG and force to be implemented in myoelectrically controlled robotic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Borzelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Gurgone
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paolo De Pasquale
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lotti
- Institut fur Technische Informatik (ZITI), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea d’Avella
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Gastaldi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
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Chen X, Dong X, Feng Y, Jiao Y, Yu J, Song Y, Li X, Zhang L, Hou P, Xie P. Muscle activation patterns and muscle synergies reflect different modes of coordination during upper extremity movement. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 16:912440. [PMID: 36741782 PMCID: PMC9889926 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.912440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A core issue in motor control is how the central nervous system generates and selects the muscle activation patterns necessary to achieve a variety of behaviors and movements. Extensive studies have verified that it is the foundation to induce a complex movement by the modular combinations of several muscles with a synergetic relationship. However, a few studies focus on the synergetic similarity and dissimilarity among different types of movements, especially for the upper extremity movements. In this study, we introduced the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method to explore the muscle activation patterns and synergy structure under 6 types of movements, involving the hand open (HO), hand close (HC), wrist flexion (WF), wrist extension (WE), supination (SU), and pronation (PR). For this, we enrolled 10 healthy subjects to record the electromyography signal for NMF calculation. The results showed a highly modular similarity of the muscle synergy among subjects under the same movement. Furthermore, Spearman's correlation analysis indicated significant similarities among HO-WE, HO-SU, and WE-SU (p < 0.001). Additionally, we also found shared synergy and special synergy in activation patterns among different movements. This study confirmed the theory of modular structure in the central nervous system, which yields a stable synergetic pattern under the same movement. Our findings on muscle synergy will be of great significance to motor control and even to clinical assessment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaojiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yange Feng
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yuntao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Song
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Peiguo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China,Peiguo Hou,
| | - Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Measurement Technology and Instrumentation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China,Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Neuromodulation of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Ping Xie,
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10
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Cerebellar Contributions to Motor Impairments in People with Multiple Sclerosis. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:1052-1060. [PMID: 34657272 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although Charcot characterized classic cerebellar symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in 1877, the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on MS symptoms has predominately been evaluated in the last two decades. Recent studies have clearly demonstrated the association between cerebellar pathology, including atrophy and reduced fractional anisotropy in the peduncles, and motor impairments, such as reduced gait velocity and time to complete walking tasks. However, future studies using novel imaging techniques are needed to elucidate all potential pathophysiology that is associated with disability in PwMS. Additionally, future studies are required to determine the most effective treatments for motor impairments in PwMS, including the specific type and duration of exercise interventions, and potential means to amplify their effects, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This mini-review critically discusses the distinct role of cerebellar dysfunction in motor impairments in PwMS, potential treatments, and directions for future studies.
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