1
|
Karabulut Uzunçakmak S. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Candidate Biomarkers. Eurasian J Med 2022; 54:16-22. [PMID: 36655440 PMCID: PMC11163343 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a virus that can still infect individuals and whose deadly effects continue despite the current vaccines and drugs. Since 2019, many studies on the pathogenesis of the disease have been completed and continue to be done. In addition to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, many molecules that can be markers of the disease have been investigated. In the early stages of the pandemic, many nonspecific and infection-related laboratory findings and chest computed tomography were used to obtain information about the diagnosis of the disease. The more individual molecules became associated with the disease yet. The purpose of this review is to summarize the impact and role of many molecules associated with coronavirus disease-2019 infection that have been previously used and newly revealed. Numerous studies are summarized in this review. The obtained data show that previously used laboratory findings and new potential biomarkers are not specific to the disease. New potential biomarkers have been associated with the severity of the disease itself, as can be seen with lung imaging and even with routine laboratory findings. One of the important points that are seen frequently in studies is that the effectiveness of these molecules has been shown not only in coronavirus disease-2019 infection but also in many other diseases. This removes the pathogenesis of the disease from being a unique mechanism created by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and provides a general perspective formed by viral or bacterial infections. However, there are still many molecular changes that need to be investigated. Future studies will continue to update themselves with the mutations of the virus.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu R, Du S, Zhao L, Jain S, Sahay K, Rizvanov A, Lezhnyova V, Khaibullin T, Martynova E, Khaiboullina S, Baranwal M. Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target. Front Immunol 2022; 13:996469. [PMID: 36211343 PMCID: PMC9539795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron’s axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8+ T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongzeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shushu Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sahil Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Kritika Sahay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Vera Lezhnyova
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur Khaibullin
- Neurological Department, Republican Clinical Neurological Center, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Gene and cell Department, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Khaiboullina, ; Manoj Baranwal, ;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge Y, Zivadinov R, Wang M, Charidimou A, Haacke EM. Editorial: Update on Vascular Contributions to Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cognitive Impairment - Research of ISNVD 2020 Meeting. Front Neurol 2021; 12:797486. [PMID: 34858320 PMCID: PMC8632484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.797486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ge
- Department of Radiology, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Andreas Charidimou
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Contreras-Briceño F, Herrera S, Vega-Adauy J, Salinas M, Ocaranza MP, Jalil JE, Mandiola J, García L, Chiong M, Castro PF, Lavandero S, Gabrielli L. Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) Is Associated With Left Atrial Remodeling in Long-Distance Runners. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:737285. [PMID: 34790706 PMCID: PMC8591189 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.737285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been demonstrated in high-performance athletes. Soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), a biomarker involved in inflammation and cardiac remodeling, is associated with the development of AF in the general population. However, the relationship between sVCAM-1 and left atrial (LA) remodeling has been poorly investigated in long-distance runners (LDR). Aim: To determine the association between LA remodeling and sVCAM-1 levels in LDR during the training period before a marathon race. Methods: Thirty-six healthy male LDR (37.0 ± 5.3 years; 174.0 ± 7.0 height; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.8; V°O2-peak: 56.5 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1) were evaluated in this single-blind and cross-sectional study. The LDR were separated into two groups according to previous training levels: high-training (HT) (n = 18) ≥100 km·week−1 and low-training (LT) (n = 18) ≥70 and <100 km·week−1. Also, 18 healthy non-active subjects were included as a control group (CTR). In all participants, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. sVCAM-1 blood levels were measured baseline and immediately finished the marathon race in LDR. Results: HT showed increased basal levels of sVCAM-1 (651 ± 350 vs. 440 ± 98 ng·mL−1 CTR, p = 0.002; and vs. 533 ± 133 ng·mL−1 LT; p = 0.003) and a post-marathon increase (ΔsVCAM-1) (651 ± 350 to 905 ± 373 ng·mL−1; p = 0.002), that did not occur in LT (533 ± 133 to 651 ± 138 ng·mL−1; p = 0.117). In LDR was a moderate correlation between LA volume and sVCAM-1 level (rho = 0.510; p = 0.001). Conclusions: In male long-distance runners, sVCAM-1 levels are directly associated with LA remodeling. Also, the training level is associated with basal sVCAM-1 levels and changes after an intense and prolonged exercise (42.2 km). Whether sVCAM-1 levels predict the risk of AF in runners remains to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Contreras-Briceño
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Herrera
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julian Vega-Adauy
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Salinas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Ocaranza
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Jalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Mandiola
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department Health of Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|