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Skv M, Abraham SM, Eshwari O, Golla K, Jhelum P, Maity S, Komal P. Tremendous Fidelity of Vitamin D3 in Age-related Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7211-7238. [PMID: 38372958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD) is a secosteroid hormone and shows a pleiotropic effect in brain-related disorders where it regulates redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, energy production, and growth factor synthesis. Vitamin D3's active metabolic form, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol), is a known regulator of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotropism, and neuroinflammation. Multiple studies suggest that VD deficiency can be proposed as a risk factor for the development of several age-related neurological disorders. The evidence for low serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calcidiol), the major circulating form of VD, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. Despite decades of evidence on low VD association with neurological disorders, the precise molecular mechanism behind its beneficial effect remains controversial. Here, we will be delving into the neurobiological importance of VD and discuss its benefits in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The focus will be on AD, PD, and HD as they share some common clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features. The central focus will be on the different attributes of VD in the aspect of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholinesterase activity, and psychotropic effect in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Skv
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharon Mariam Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omalur Eshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Golla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and Brain Program, The Research Instituteof the, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Jensen VF, Swanberg M, Herlin M, McGuigan FE, Jørgensen NR, Akesson KE. Differential expression of the inflammatory ciita gene may be accompanied by altered bone properties in intact sex steroid-deficient female rats. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:372. [PMID: 38115045 PMCID: PMC10729448 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The class II transactivator (CIITA), encoded by the CIITA gene, controls expression of immune response regulators, which affect bone homeostasis. Previously, we investigated a functional CIITA polymorphism in elderly women. Women carrying the allele associated with lower CIITA levels displayed higher bone mineral density (BMD), but also higher bone loss. The present exploratory study in a rat model sought to investigate effects of differential expression of Ciita on bone structural integrity and strength. Two strains DA (normal-to-high expression) and DA.VRA4 (lower expression) underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or sham-surgery at ~ 14-weeks of age (DA OVX n = 8, sham n = 4; DA.VRA4 OVX n = 10, sham n = 2). After 16-weeks, femoral BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured and morphometry and biomechanical testing performed. RESULTS In DA.VRA4 rats, BMD/BMC, cross-sectional area and biomechanical properties were lower. Ciita expression was accompanied by OVX-induced changes to cross-sectional area and femoral shaft strength; DA rats had lower maximum load-to-fracture. Thus, while lower Ciita expression associated with lower bone mass, OVX induced changes to structural and mechanical bone properties were less pronounced. CONCLUSION The data tentatively suggests association between Ciita expression and structural and mechanical bone properties, and a possible role in bone changes resulting from estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Fh Jensen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Maria Swanberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Lund University, Lund, 221 84, Sweden
| | - Maria Herlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Fiona E McGuigan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden.
| | - Niklas R Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre of Diagnostic Investigation, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, 2600, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Kristina E Akesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02, Sweden
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Nagasubramanian K, Gupta K. Interactome analysis implicates class II transactivator (CIITA) in depression and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37933915 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2279502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inappropriate inflammatory responses within the nervous system (neuroinflammation) have been implicated in several neurological conditions. Class II transactivator (CIITA), a principal regulator of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), is known to play essential roles in inflammation. Hence, CIITA and its interactors could be potentially involved in multiple neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CIITA-mediated neuroinflammation (NI) are yet to be understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this regard, we analyzed the potential involvement of CIITA and its interactome in the regulation of neuroinflammation. In the present study, using various computational tools, we aimed (1) to identify NI-related proteins, (2) to filter the critical interactors in the CIITA-NI network, and (3) to analyze the protein-disease interactions and the associated molecular pathways through which CIITA could influence neuroinflammation. RESULTS CIITA was found to interact with P T GS2, GSK3B, and NR3C1 and may influence depressive disorders. Further, the IL4/IL13 pathway was found to be potentially underlying the CIITA-interactomemediated effects on neurological disorders. Moreover, CIITA was found to be connected to genes associated with depressive disorder through IL4, wherein CIITA was found to be potentially involved in depressive disorders through IL-4/IL-13 and hippo pathways. However, the present study is based on the existing data on protein interactomes and could be re-evaluated as newer interactions are discovered. Also, the functional mechanisms of CIITA's roles in neuroinflammation must be evaluated further. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding these limitations, the results presented here, could form a basis for further experimental studies to assess CIITA as a potential therapeutic target in managing depression and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Nagasubramanian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnakant Gupta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
- NCCS, Pune, India
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Nagasubramanian K, Jha S, Rathore AS, Gupta K. Identification of small molecule modulators of class II transactivator-I using computational approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8349-8361. [PMID: 36224172 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2133011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), a mediator of the innate and adaptive immune system, plays a central role in regulating inflammation and its progression. Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a master regulator of MHCII expression and controls antigen presentation followed by T-cell activation. Regulation of inflammation by modulation of CIITA has been suggested as a promising intervention for several disorders, including neuroinflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to (i) identify possible pharmacological agents which could bind to and inhibit isoform I of CIITA (CIITA-I) and (ii) determine their strength of interactions. The structure of CIITA-I isoform was predicted using phyre2 and refined via 3D refine. Loops were refined using ModBase, followed by quality assessment based on ERRAT value. The refined 3D structure was subjected to docking via Maestro (from Schrodinger) using glide module against small molecule databases. Molecules having the least glide score and favorable ADME properties were subjected to molecular simulation by GROMACS. We used the 3D refined structure of CIITA-I, with a score of 83.4% in ERRAT for docking studies. The ligand 4-(2-((6-oxo-4-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl) thio) acetamido) benzamide (ZINC5154833), showed maximum glide score (-6.591) followed by N-[4-(3-oxo-3-{4-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] piperazin-1-yl} propyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl] benzamide (F5254-0161, glide score -6.41). Simulation studies using GROMACS showed F5254-0161 to have a more stable interaction with CIITA-I. Based on our analysis, we propose ZINC5154833 and F5254-0161 as potential modulators for CIITA-I.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore Nagasubramanian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanker Jha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuranjan Singh Rathore
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnakant Gupta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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Haindl MT, Hochmeister S. Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis-Lessons From Animal Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:757795. [PMID: 34744990 PMCID: PMC8563695 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.757795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a multifactorial disease of the central nervous system with both genetic and environmental causes. The exact disease mechanisms are still unclear. Consequently, studies of possible treatment and preventive measures cover a large setting of heterogeneous approaches. Vitamin D is one of these approaches, and in many trials the relation of vitamin D serum levels and multiple sclerosis disease risk and activity describes different effects with sometimes inconsistent findings. Animal models are substantial for the research of disease mechanisms, and many of the drugs that are currently in use in multiple sclerosis have been developed, tested, or validated via animal studies. Especially when clinical studies show contradicting findings, the use of standardized settings and information about the mechanistic background is necessary. For this purpose, animal models are an essential tool. There is a variety of different experimental settings and types of animal models available, each of them with own strengths but also weaknesses. This mini-review aims to overview results of vitamin D studies in different animal models and sums up the most important recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tanja Haindl
- Department of General Neurology, University Clinic of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja Hochmeister
- Department of General Neurology, University Clinic of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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