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Rouzier C, Pion E, Chaussenot A, Bris C, Ait‐El‐Mkadem Saadi S, Desquiret‐Dumas V, Gueguen N, Fragaki K, Amati‐Bonneau P, Barcia G, Gaignard P, Steffann J, Pennisi A, Bonnefont J, Lebigot E, Bannwarth S, Francou B, Rucheton B, Sternberg D, Martin‐Negrier M, Trimouille A, Hardy G, Allouche S, Acquaviva‐Bourdain C, Pagan C, Lebre A, Reynier P, Cossee M, Attarian S, Paquis‐Flucklinger V, Procaccio V. Primary mitochondrial disorders and mimics: Insights from a large French cohort. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:1478-1491. [PMID: 38703036 PMCID: PMC11187946 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.52062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of NGS within the French mitochondrial network, MitoDiag, from targeted gene panels to whole exome sequencing (WES) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) focusing on mitochondrial nuclear-encoded genes. METHODS Over 2000 patients suspected of Primary Mitochondrial Diseases (PMD) were sequenced by either targeted gene panels, WES or WGS within MitoDiag. We described the clinical, biochemical, and molecular data of 397 genetically confirmed patients, comprising 294 children and 103 adults, carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in nuclear-encoded genes. RESULTS The cohort exhibited a large genetic heterogeneity, with the identification of 172 distinct genes and 253 novel variants. Among children, a notable prevalence of pathogenic variants in genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) functions and mitochondrial translation was observed. In adults, pathogenic variants were primarily identified in genes linked to mtDNA maintenance. Additionally, a substantial proportion of patients (54% (42/78) and 48% (13/27) in children and adults, respectively), undergoing WES or WGS testing displayed PMD mimics, representing pathologies that clinically resemble mitochondrial diseases. INTERPRETATION We reported the largest French cohort of patients suspected of PMD with pathogenic variants in nuclear genes. We have emphasized the clinical complexity of PMD and the challenges associated with recognizing and distinguishing them from other pathologies, particularly neuromuscular disorders. We confirmed that WES/WGS, instead of panel approach, was more valuable to identify the genetic basis in patients with "possible" PMD and we provided a genetic testing flowchart to guide physicians in their diagnostic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Rouzier
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Pion
- Filnemus, laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, CHUMontpellierFrance
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Céline Bris
- Service de génétique, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
| | - Samira Ait‐El‐Mkadem Saadi
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Valérie Desquiret‐Dumas
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
| | - Konstantina Fragaki
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Patrizia Amati‐Bonneau
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
| | - Giulia Barcia
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Imagine Unité UMR 1161ParisFrance
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- Service de Biochimie, GHU APHP Paris SaclayHôpital BicêtreLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Julie Steffann
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Imagine Unité UMR 1161ParisFrance
| | - Alessandra Pennisi
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Imagine Unité UMR 1161ParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Paul Bonnefont
- Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Necker‐Enfants MaladesUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Imagine Unité UMR 1161ParisFrance
| | - Elise Lebigot
- Service de Biochimie, GHU APHP Paris SaclayHôpital BicêtreLe Kremlin‐BicêtreFrance
| | - Sylvie Bannwarth
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | - Bruno Francou
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | | | - Damien Sternberg
- Unité Fonctionnelle de cardiogénétique et myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de génétique moléculaire et chromosomiqueAP‐HP Sorbonne Université, Hopital de la Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Marie‐Laure Martin‐Negrier
- Unité fonctionnelle d'histologie moléculaire, Service de pathologieCHU Bordeaux‐GU PellegrinBordeauxFrance
| | - Aurélien Trimouille
- Unité fonctionnelle d'histologie moléculaire, Service de pathologieCHU Bordeaux‐GU PellegrinBordeauxFrance
| | - Gaëlle Hardy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire: Maladies Héréditaires et OncologieInstitut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Service de biochimieInstitut Territorial de Biologie en Santé, CHU Caen, Hôpital de la Côte de NacreCaenFrance
| | - Cécile Acquaviva‐Bourdain
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire Grand Est, UM Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Centre de biologie et pathologie EstCHU Lyon HCL, GH EstLyonFrance
| | - Cécile Pagan
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire Grand Est, UM Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Centre de biologie et pathologie EstCHU Lyon HCL, GH EstLyonFrance
| | - Anne‐Sophie Lebre
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266 [Krebs team]Université de Reims Champagne‐Ardenne (UFR médicale) ‐ CHU de Reims‐Université Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
| | - Mireille Cossee
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Montpellier, PhyMedExpUniversité de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRSMontpellierFrance
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Service des Maladies Neuromusculaires et la SLA, FILNEMUS, Euro‐NMDAIX‐CHU La TimoneMarseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | - Véronique Paquis‐Flucklinger
- Service de génétique médicale, Centre de référence des maladies mitochondriales, CHU NiceUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCANNiceFrance
| | | | - Vincent Procaccio
- Service de génétique, Institut de Biologie en santé, CHU AngersUniv Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe MitoLab, SFR ICATAngersFrance
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de Muijnck C, Brink JBT, de Haan HG, Rodenburg RJ, Wolf NI, Bergen AA, Boon CJF, van Genderen MM. Mutations in NSUN3, a Mitochondrial Methyl Transferase Gene, Cause Inherited Optic Neuropathy. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:530. [PMID: 38790159 PMCID: PMC11121614 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited optic neuropathies (IONs) are rare genetic diseases characterized by progressive visual loss due the atrophy of optic nerves. The standard diagnostic workup involving next-generation sequencing panels has a diagnostic yield of about forty percent. In the other 60% of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of ION, the underlying genetic variants remain unknown. In this case study, we describe a potentially new disease-associated gene, NSUN3, for IONs. The proband was a young woman with consanguineous parents. She presented with bilateral optic atrophy and nystagmus at the age of seven years. Genetic testing revealed the homozygous variant c.349_352dup p.(Ala118Glufs*45) in NSUN3, with a segregation in the family compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Additional functional analysis showed decreased NSUN3 mRNA levels, slightly diminished mitochondrial complex IV levels, and decreased cell respiration rates in patient fibroblasts compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, pathogenic variants in NSUN3 can cause optic neuropathy. Trio whole-exome sequencing should be considered as a diagnostic strategy in ION cases where standard diagnostic analysis does not reveal disease-causing variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu de Muijnck
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B. ten Brink
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugoline G. de Haan
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J. Rodenburg
- Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I. Wolf
- Department of Child Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Emma Centre for Precision Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria M. van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Bartiméus Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, 3703 AJ Zeist, The Netherlands
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3
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Weisschuh N, Mazzola P, Zuleger T, Schaeferhoff K, Kühlewein L, Kortüm F, Witt D, Liebmann A, Falb R, Pohl L, Reith M, Stühn LG, Bertrand M, Müller A, Casadei N, Kelemen O, Kelbsch C, Kernstock C, Richter P, Sadler F, Demidov G, Schütz L, Admard J, Sturm M, Grasshoff U, Tonagel F, Heinrich T, Nasser F, Wissinger B, Ossowski S, Kohl S, Riess O, Stingl K, Haack TB. Diagnostic genome sequencing improves diagnostic yield: a prospective single-centre study in 1000 patients with inherited eye diseases. J Med Genet 2024; 61:186-195. [PMID: 37734845 PMCID: PMC10850689 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genome sequencing (GS) is expected to reduce the diagnostic gap in rare disease genetics. We aimed to evaluate a scalable framework for genome-based analyses 'beyond the exome' in regular care of patients with inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) or inherited optic neuropathy (ION). METHODS PCR-free short-read GS was performed on 1000 consecutive probands with IRD/ION in routine diagnostics. Complementary whole-blood RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was done in a subset of 74 patients. An open-source bioinformatics analysis pipeline was optimised for structural variant (SV) calling and combined RNA/DNA variation interpretation. RESULTS A definite genetic diagnosis was established in 57.4% of cases. For another 16.7%, variants of uncertain significance were identified in known IRD/ION genes, while the underlying genetic cause remained unresolved in 25.9%. SVs or alterations in non-coding genomic regions made up for 12.7% of the observed variants. The RNA-seq studies supported the classification of two unclear variants. CONCLUSION GS is feasible in clinical practice and reliably identifies causal variants in a substantial proportion of individuals. GS extends the diagnostic yield to rare non-coding variants and enables precise determination of SVs. The added diagnostic value of RNA-seq is limited by low expression levels of the major IRD disease genes in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weisschuh
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascale Mazzola
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresia Zuleger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schaeferhoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kühlewein
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Kortüm
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Witt
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Liebmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruth Falb
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Pohl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Milda Reith
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara G Stühn
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amelie Müller
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Kelemen
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carina Kelbsch
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kernstock
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Richter
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francoise Sadler
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - German Demidov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leon Schütz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Tonagel
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Heinrich
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- MVZ für Humangenetik und Molekularpathologie, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fadi Nasser
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wissinger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ossowski
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kohl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Disease, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarina Stingl
- University Eye Hospital, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Rare Disease, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Lenassi E, Carvalho A, Thormann A, Abrahams L, Arno G, Fletcher T, Hardcastle C, Lopez J, Hunt SE, Short P, Sergouniotis PI, Michaelides M, Webster A, Cunningham F, Ramsden SC, Kasperaviciute D, Fitzpatrick DR, Black GC, Ellingford JM. EyeG2P: an automated variant filtering approach improves efficiency of diagnostic genomic testing for inherited ophthalmic disorders. J Med Genet 2023; 60:810-818. [PMID: 36669873 PMCID: PMC10423522 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic variant prioritisation is one of the most significant bottlenecks to mainstream genomic testing in healthcare. Tools to improve precision while ensuring high recall are critical to successful mainstream clinical genomic testing, in particular for whole genome sequencing where millions of variants must be considered for each patient. METHODS We developed EyeG2P, a publicly available database and web application using the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. EyeG2P is tailored for efficient variant prioritisation for individuals with inherited ophthalmic conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of EyeG2P in 1234 individuals with a broad range of eye conditions who had previously received a confirmed molecular diagnosis through routine genomic diagnostic approaches. For a prospective cohort of 83 individuals, we assessed the precision of EyeG2P in comparison with routine diagnostic approaches. For 10 additional individuals, we assessed the utility of EyeG2P for whole genome analysis. RESULTS EyeG2P had 99.5% sensitivity for genomic variants previously identified as clinically relevant through routine diagnostic analysis (n=1234 individuals). Prospectively, EyeG2P enabled a significant increase in precision (35% on average) in comparison with routine testing strategies (p<0.001). We demonstrate that incorporation of EyeG2P into whole genome sequencing analysis strategies can reduce the number of variants for analysis to six variants, on average, while maintaining high diagnostic yield. CONCLUSION Automated filtering of genomic variants through EyeG2P can increase the efficiency of diagnostic testing for individuals with a broad range of inherited ophthalmic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lenassi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Carvalho
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Genetic Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anja Thormann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tracy Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Hardcastle
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Hunt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona Cunningham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David R Fitzpatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme C Black
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomics England Ltd, London, UK
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5
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Rocatcher A, Desquiret-Dumas V, Charif M, Ferré M, Gohier P, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Verny C, Milea D, Lenaers G, Bonneau D, Reynier P, Amati-Bonneau P. The top 10 most frequently involved genes in hereditary optic neuropathies in 2186 probands. Brain 2023; 146:455-460. [PMID: 36317462 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies are caused by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerves, with a consistent genetic heterogeneity. As part of our diagnostic activity, we retrospectively evaluated the combination of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy mutations testing with the exon sequencing of 87 nuclear genes on 2186 patients referred for suspected hereditary optic neuropathies. The positive diagnosis rate in individuals referred for Leber hereditary optic neuropathy testing was 18% (199/1126 index cases), with 92% (184/199) carrying one of the three main pathogenic variants of mitochondrial DNA (m.11778G>A, 66.5%; m.3460G>A, 15% and m.14484T>C, 11%). The positive diagnosis rate in individuals referred for autosomal dominant or recessive optic neuropathies was 27% (451/1680 index cases), with 10 genes accounting together for 96% of this cohort. This represents an overall positive diagnostic rate of 30%. The identified top 10 nuclear genes included OPA1, WFS1, ACO2, SPG7, MFN2, AFG3L2, RTN4IP1, TMEM126A, NR2F1 and FDXR. Eleven additional genes, each accounting for less than 1% of cases, were identified in 17 individuals. Our results show that 10 major genes account for more than 96% of the cases diagnosed with our nuclear gene panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Rocatcher
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Majida Charif
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Genetics and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marc Ferré
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Philippe Gohier
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Delphine Mirebeau-Prunier
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Christophe Verny
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Dan Milea
- Département d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Duke-NUS 169857, Singapore
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Département de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- Université d'Angers, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS 6015), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1083), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) MITOVASC, 49000 Angers, France
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, 49933 Angers, France
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6
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de Muijnck C, Brink JBT, Bergen AA, Boon CJF, van Genderen MM. Delineating Wolfram-like syndrome: A systematic review and discussion of the WFS1-associated disease spectrum. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00035-8. [PMID: 36764396 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Wolfram-like syndrome (WFLS) is a recently described autosomal dominant disorder with phenotypic similarities to autosomal recessive Wolfram syndrome (WS), including optic atrophy, hearing impairment, and diabetes mellitus. We summarize current literature, define the clinical characteristics, and investigate potential genotype phenotype correlations. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBACE, and Cochrane Library. We included studies reporting patients with a clinical picture consisting at least 2 typical clinical manifestations of WSF1 disorders and heterozygous mutations in WFS1. In total, 86 patients from 35 studies were included. The most common phenotype consisted of the combination of optic atrophy (87%) and hearing impairment (94%). Diabetes mellitus was seen in 44% of the patients. Nineteen percent developed cataract. Patients with missense mutations in WFS1 had a lower number of clinical manifestations, less chance of developing diabetes insipidus, but a younger age at onset of hearing impairment compared to patients with nonsense mutations or deletions causing frameshift. There were no studies reporting decreased life expectancy. This review shows that, within the spectrum of WFS1-associated disorders or "wolframinopathies," autosomal dominantly inherited WFLS has a relatively mild phenotype compared to autosomal recessive WS. The clinical manifestations and their age at onset are associated with the specific underlying mutations in the WFS1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu de Muijnck
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacoline B Ten Brink
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Ophthalmogenetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Queen Emma Center of Precision Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Diagnostic Center for Complex Visual Disorders, Zeist, the Netherlands.
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7
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Seo Y, Lim HT, Lee BJ, Han J. Expanding SPG7 dominant optic atrophy phenotype: Infantile nystagmus and optic atrophy without spastic paraplegia. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:582-585. [PMID: 36367250 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive leg weakness and spasticity due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG7 encodes paraplegin, and pathogenic variants in the gene cause hereditary spastic paraplegia as an autosomal recessive trait. Various ophthalmological findings including optic atrophy, ophthalmoplegia, or nystagmus have been reported in patients with spastic paraplegia type 7. We report a 15-year-old male patient with a novel heterozygous variant, c.1224T>G:p.(Asp408Glu) in SPG7 (NM_003119.3) causing early onset isolated optic atrophy and infantile nystagmus prior to the onset of neurological symptoms. Therefore, SPG7 should be considered a cause of infantile nystagmus with optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | | | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Murakhovskaya YK, Andreeva NA, Tsygankova PG, Krylova TD, Sheremet NL. [Long-term changes in morphological and functional parameters of the optic nerve in patients with various genetic variants of hereditary optic neuropathies]. Vestn Oftalmol 2023; 139:77-86. [PMID: 38235633 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202313906177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and autosomal recessive optic neuropathy (ARON) are degenerative diseases of the optic nerve caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (nDNA, mtDNA). The clinical picture of these diseases is similar, but there are some differences in how the visual functions change in patients with different molecular genetic variants of hereditary optic neuropathies (HON). PURPOSE This study evaluates the long-term changes in morphological and functional parameters in patients with different genetic variants of HON. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 84 patients (165 eyes) with a genetically confirmed LHON or ARON diagnosis. The patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity (VA) test, color vision (CV) examination, computerized perimetry using the program for low vision assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Over the course of the follow-up (60 months or longer) HON patients were revealed to have higher VA in c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations compared to mutations m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A. The final VA 0.5 or higher in patients with c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations in 54 and 71% of cases, and only in 6 and 13% of cases - with m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A mutations. Direct correlation was determined between minimal VA in the first year after disease onset and the final VA (K=0.67; p<0.001). In all patients with the investigated mutations CV recovered slightly quicker than VA. CONCLUSION HON associated with c.152A>G and m.14484T>C mutations have better prognosis compared to LHON caused by m.11778G>A and m.3460G>A mutations. Vision recovery prognosis is worse in patients who had significant decrease of visual acuity at the disease onset. OCT findings reveal preservation of visual functions in all mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu K Murakhovskaya
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Andreeva
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - T D Krylova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Sheremet
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Seo Y, Kim TY, Won D, Shin S, Choi JR, Lee ST, Lee BJ, Lim HT, Han SH, Han J. Genetic spectrum and characteristics of autosomal optic neuropathy in Korean: Use of next-generation sequencing in suspected hereditary optic atrophy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:978532. [PMID: 36071901 PMCID: PMC9441910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.978532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimsTo evaluate the clinical characteristics and causative genetic variants in autosomal optic atrophy diagnosed using next-generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsA cohort of 57 unrelated families affected with bilateral optic atrophy were recruited from two university-based tertiary referral hospitals from May 2016 to April 2022. Genetic variants were detected using a target enrichment panel consisting of 429 or 595 genes and known deep intronic variants associated with inherited eye diseases, exome sequencing, or genome sequencing. The results of detailed clinical examinations, disease-causing variants, and clinical diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 57 probands, 33 (57.9%) were men, and the median age at genetic testing was 19.1 years (interquartile range, 7.6–42.5 years). We identified 22 likely causative variants in 18 families and corresponding diagnostic yields of 31.6% (95% confidence interval, 21.0–44.5%). The diagnostic rate of NGS was higher in patients with infantile or early childhood onset optic atrophy than in those with late-onset or unknown optic atrophy (18/39, 46.2% vs. 0/18, 0%, P < 0.001). Among the 22 variants, 15 were novel in our cohort. The OPA1 variants (n = 7) were found to be the major genetic causes, followed by the NR2F1 variant (n = 4). The causative variants in PTPN23, TMEM126A, NBAS, and WFS1 genes were identified in 4 probands with a recessive form of optic atrophy.ConclusionsBased on the results of diagnostic NGS for optic atrophy, the causative variant could be detected in 31.6% of patients. Our study also demonstrated that NGS is unlikely to help identify molecular causes in late-onset unexplained optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Dxome Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Dxome Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul Orthopia Eye Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sueng-Han Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sueng-Han Han
| | - Jinu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jinu Han
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10
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Bouzidi A, Charoute H, Charif M, Amalou G, Kandil M, Barakat A, Lenaers G. Clinical and genetic spectrums of 413 North African families with inherited retinal dystrophies and optic neuropathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:197. [PMID: 35551639 PMCID: PMC9097391 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) and optic neuropathies (ION) are the two major causes world-wide of early visual impairment, frequently leading to legal blindness. These two groups of pathologies are highly heterogeneous and require combined clinical and molecular diagnoses to be securely identified. Exact epidemiological studies are lacking in North Africa, and genetic studies of IRD and ION individuals are often limited to case reports or to some families that migrated to the rest of the world. In order to improve the knowledge of their clinical and genetic spectrums in North Africa, we reviewed published data, to illustrate the most prevalent pathologies, genes and mutations encountered in this geographical region, extending from Morocco to Egypt, comprising 200 million inhabitants. Main body We compiled data from 413 families with IRD or ION together with their available molecular diagnosis. The proportion of IRD represents 82.8% of index cases, while ION accounted for 17.8%. Non-syndromic IRD were more frequent than syndromic ones, with photoreceptor alterations being the main cause of non-syndromic IRD, represented by retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, and cone-rod dystrophies, while ciliopathies constitute the major part of syndromic-IRD, in which the Usher and Bardet Biedl syndromes occupy 41.2% and 31.1%, respectively. We identified 71 ION families, 84.5% with a syndromic presentation, while surprisingly, non-syndromic ION are scarcely reported, with only 11 families with autosomal recessive optic atrophies related to OPA7 and OPA10 variants, or with the mitochondrial related Leber ION. Overall, consanguinity is a major cause of these diseases within North African countries, as 76.1% of IRD and 78.8% of ION investigated families were consanguineous, explaining the high rate of autosomal recessive inheritance pattern compared to the dominant one. In addition, we identified many founder mutations in small endogamous communities. Short conclusion As both IRD and ION diseases constitute a real public health burden, their under-diagnosis in North Africa due to the absence of physicians trained to the identification of inherited ophthalmologic presentations, together with the scarcity of tools for the molecular diagnosis represent major political, economic and health challenges for the future, to first establish accurate clinical diagnoses and then treat patients with the emergent therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Bouzidi
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Majida Charif
- Genetics, and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ghita Amalou
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kandil
- Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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11
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Murakhovskaya YK, Sheremet NL, Shmelkova MS, Krylova TD, Tsygankova PG. [Autosomal recessive optic neuropathies: genetic variants, clinical manifestations]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:116-122. [PMID: 36573955 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathies (HON) - a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by primary loss of structure and function of the retinal ganglion cells and subsequent death of their axons, development of partial optic nerve atrophy. Autosomal dominant optic neuropathy and Leber`s hereditary optic neuropathy until recently were considered the most common genetic hereditary optic neuropathies, while autosomal recessive optic neuropathies (ARON) were described as rare types of HON, usually accompanying severe syndromic pathologies. In the 2000s it has become clear that ARON occur significantly more often, are underestimated, and their clinical variability is poorly studied. Despite the fact that non-syndromic ARON are less common than syndromic optic neuropathies, their contribution to the development of isolated hereditary optic neuropathies should be considered. This article presents a literature review on non-syndromic ARON developing as a result of mutations in the ACO2, MCAT, WFS1, RTN4IP1, TMEM126A, NDUFS2, DNAJC30 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu K Murakhovskaya
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Sheremet
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Shmelkova
- Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - T D Krylova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Strachan EL, Mac White-Begg D, Crean J, Reynolds AL, Kennedy BN, O'Sullivan NC. The Role of Mitochondria in Optic Atrophy With Autosomal Inheritance. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:784987. [PMID: 34867178 PMCID: PMC8634724 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.784987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optic atrophy (OA) with autosomal inheritance is a form of optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of vision. In some cases, this is accompanied by additional, typically neurological, extra-ocular symptoms. Underlying the loss of vision is the specific degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which form the optic nerve. Whilst autosomal OA is genetically heterogenous, all currently identified causative genes appear to be associated with mitochondrial organization and function. However, it is unclear why RGCs are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial aberration. Despite the relatively high prevalence of this disorder, there are currently no approved treatments. Combined with the lack of knowledge concerning the mechanisms through which aberrant mitochondrial function leads to RGC death, there remains a clear need for further research to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop treatments for this condition. This review summarizes the genes known to be causative of autosomal OA and the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, we discuss the suitability of available in vivo models for autosomal OA with regards to both treatment development and furthering the understanding of autosomal OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin L Strachan
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Delphi Mac White-Begg
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Crean
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison L Reynolds
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh C O'Sullivan
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Lin CW, Huang CW, Luo AC, Chou YT, Huang YS, Chen PL, Chen TC. Genetic Spectrum and Characteristics of Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Taiwan. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091378. [PMID: 34573359 PMCID: PMC8467776 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary optic neuropathy (HON) is a group of genetically heterogeneous diseases that cause optic nerve atrophy and lead to substantial visual impairment. HON may present with optic nerve atrophy only or in association with various systemic abnormalities. Although a genetic survey is indispensable for diagnosing HON, conventional sequencing techniques could render its diagnosis challenging. In this study, we attempted to explore the genetic background of patients with HON in Taiwan through capture-based next-generation sequencing targeting 52 HON-related genes. In total, 57 patients from 48 families were recruited, with 6 patients diagnosed as having Leber hereditary optic neuropathy through initial screening for three common variants (m.3460G>A, m.11778G>A, m.14484T>C). Disease-causing genotypes were identified in 14 (33.3%) probands, and OPA1 variants were the most prevalent cause of autosomal HON. Exposure to medications such as ethambutol could trigger an attack of autosomal dominant optic atrophy. WFS1 variants were identified in three probands with variable clinical features in our cohort. Hearing impairment could occur in patients with OPA1 or WFS1 variants. This is the first comprehensive study investigating the genetic characteristics of HON in Taiwan, especially for autosomal HON. Our results could provide useful information for clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling in this field.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA Mutational Analysis/statistics & numerical data
- Female
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Testing/statistics & numerical data
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Optic Atrophy, Autosomal Dominant/diagnosis
- Optic Atrophy, Autosomal Dominant/epidemiology
- Optic Atrophy, Autosomal Dominant/genetics
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/diagnosis
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/epidemiology
- Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber/genetics
- Taiwan/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Allen Chilun Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (A.C.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yuh-Tsyr Chou
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (A.C.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.H.)
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (A.C.L.); (Y.-T.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.C.); (T.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 71942) (P.-L.C.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63783) (T.-C.C.); Fax: +886-2-23934420 (T.-C.C.)
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.H.)
- Correspondence: (P.-L.C.); (T.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 71942) (P.-L.C.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 63783) (T.-C.C.); Fax: +886-2-23934420 (T.-C.C.)
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