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Benomar A, Diestro JDB, Darabid H, Saydy K, Tzaneva L, Li J, Zarour E, Tanguay W, El Sayed N, Padilha IG, Létourneau-Guillon L, Bard C, Nelson K, Weill A, Roy D, Eneling J, Boisseau W, Nguyen TN, Abdalkader M, Najjar AA, Nehme A, Lemoine É, Jacquin G, Bergeron D, Brunette-Clément T, Chaalala C, Bojanowski MW, Labidi M, Jabre R, Ignacio KHD, Omar AT, Volders D, Dmytriw AA, Hak JF, Forestier G, Holay Q, Olatunji R, Alhabli I, Nico L, Shankar JJS, Guenego A, Pascual JLR, Marotta TR, Errázuriz JI, Lin AW, Alves AC, Fahed R, Hawkes C, Lee H, Magro E, Sheikhi L, Darsaut TE, Raymond J. Nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage on noncontrast head CT: An accuracy, inter-rater, and intra-rater reliability study. J Neuroradiol 2024; 51:101184. [PMID: 38387650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (NAPSAH) on Noncontrast Head CT (NCCT) between numerous raters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 NCCT of adult patients with SAH who also had a catheter angiography (CA) were independently evaluated by 48 diverse raters; 45 raters performed a second assessment one month later. For each case, raters were asked: 1) whether they judged the bleeding pattern to be perimesencephalic; 2) whether there was blood anterior to brainstem; 3) complete filling of the anterior interhemispheric fissure (AIF); 4) extension to the lateral part of the sylvian fissure (LSF); 5) frank intraventricular hemorrhage; 6) whether in the hypothetical presence of a negative CT angiogram they would still recommend CA. An automatic NAPSAH diagnosis was also generated by combining responses to questions 2-5. Reliability was estimated using Gwet's AC1 (κG), and the relationship between the NCCT diagnosis of NAPSAH and the recommendation to perform CA using Cramer's V test. Multi-rater accuracy of NCCT in predicting negative CA was explored. RESULTS Inter-rater reliability for the presence of NAPSAH was moderate (κG = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.47, 0.69), but improved to substantial when automatically generated (κG = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.59, 0.81). The most reliable criteria were the absence of AIF filling (κG = 0.79) and extension to LSF (κG = 0.79). Mean intra-rater reliability was substantial (κG = 0.65). NAPSAH weakly correlated with CA decision (V = 0.50). Mean sensitivity and specificity were 58% (95%CI: 44%, 71%) and 83 % (95%CI: 72 %, 94%), respectively. CONCLUSION NAPSAH remains a diagnosis of exclusion. The NCCT diagnosis was moderately reliable and its impact on clinical decisions modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Benomar
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/AnassBenomarMD
| | - Jose Danilo B Diestro
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/DanniDiestro
| | - Houssam Darabid
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karim Saydy
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lora Tzaneva
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jimmy Li
- Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/neuroloJimmy
| | - Eleyine Zarour
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/eleyine
| | - William Tanguay
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nohad El Sayed
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Igor Gomes Padilha
- Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnósticos da América SA - DASA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Neuroradiology, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Neuroradiology, United Health Group, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laurent Létourneau-Guillon
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/LaurentLetG
| | - Céline Bard
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristoff Nelson
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Weill
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Roy
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanna Eneling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - William Boisseau
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/NguyenThanhMD
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/AbdalkaderMD
| | - Ahmed A Najjar
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia. https://twitter.com/AhmedANajjar
| | - Ahmad Nehme
- Université Caen-Normandie, Neurology, CHU Caen-Normandie, Caen, France. https://twitter.com/ANehme
| | - Émile Lemoine
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/lemoineemile
| | - Gregory Jacquin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Bergeron
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/David__Bergeron
| | - Tristan Brunette-Clément
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. https://twitter.com/BrunetteClement
| | - Chiraz Chaalala
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel W Bojanowski
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Moujahed Labidi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roland Jabre
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina H D Ignacio
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada. https://twitter.com/Katha_MD
| | - Abdelsimar T Omar
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/atomar_md
| | - David Volders
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Neuroendovascular Program, Massachusetts General Hospital & Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. https://twitter.com/AdamDmytriw
| | - Jean-François Hak
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital Timone APHM, Marseille, France. https://twitter.com/JFHak
| | - Géraud Forestier
- Department of neuroradiology, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges, France. https://twitter.com/GeraudForestier
| | - Quentin Holay
- Department of Radiology, Sainte-Anne Military Hospital, Toulon, France
| | - Richard Olatunji
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. https://twitter.com/RICHARDOlat
| | - Ibrahim Alhabli
- Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada. https://twitter.com/ialhabli
| | - Lorena Nico
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jai J S Shankar
- Department of Radiology, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. https://twitter.com/shivajai1
| | - Adrien Guenego
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium. https://twitter.com/GuenegoAdrien
| | - Jose L R Pascual
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. https://twitter.com/drbrainhacker
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/trmarot
| | - Juan I Errázuriz
- Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Centre (MUHC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy W Lin
- Division of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aderaldo Costa Alves
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/jr_aderaldo
| | - Robert Fahed
- Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Hawkes
- Division of Neurology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/CMHawkes
| | - Hubert Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Trillium Health Partners, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elsa Magro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Lila Sheikhi
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. https://twitter.com/lila_sheikhi
| | - Tim E Darsaut
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada. https://twitter.com/tdarsaut
| | - Jean Raymond
- Department of Radiology, Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Santana D, Mosteiro A, Llull L, Massons M, Zattera L, Pujol-Fontrodona G, Werner M, Torné R, Amaro S, Chamorro A. Stroke Unit as an alternative to Intensive Care Unit for initial hospital admission of low-grade non-aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A safety and cost-minimisation analysis. Eur Stroke J 2024; 9:180-188. [PMID: 37746931 PMCID: PMC10916811 DOI: 10.1177/23969873231202361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke Units (SU) have been suggested as an alternative to Intensive Care units (ICU) for initial admission of low-grade non-aneurysmal spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (naSAH). We hypothesised that the incidence of in-hospital complications and long-term clinical outcomes in low-grade naSAH patients would be comparable in both settings, and that a cost-minimisation analysis would favour the use of SU. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective, single-centre study at a third-level stroke-referral hospital, including low-grade spontaneous naSAH patients with WFNS 1-2. Primary outcomes were death and functional status at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were incidence of in-hospital major neurological and systemic complications. Additionally, a cost-minimisation analysis was conducted to estimate the average cost savings that could be achieved with the most efficient approach. RESULTS Out of 96 naSAH patients, 30 (31%) were initially admitted to ICU and 66 (69%) to SU. Both groups had similar demographic and radiological features except for a higher proportion of WFNS 2 in ICU subgroup. There were no statistically significant differences between ICU and SU-managed subgroups in death rate (2 (7%) and 1 (2%), respectively), functional outcome at 90 days (28 (93%) and 61 (92%) modified Rankin Scale 0-2) or neurological and systemic in-hospital complications. Cost-minimisation analysis demonstrated significant monetary savings favouring the SU strategy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Initial admission to the SU appears to be a safe and cost-effective alternative to the ICU for low-grade naSAH patients, with comparable clinical outcomes and a reduction of hospitalisation-related costs. Prospective multicenter randomised studies are encouraged to further evaluate this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santana
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Mosteiro
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llull
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Massons
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi Zattera
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Anesthesiology Department, Neurocritical Care Division, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Pujol-Fontrodona
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Anesthesiology Department, Neurocritical Care Division, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Werner
- Institute of Diagnostic Imaging, Neurointerventional Radiology Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Torné
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Amaro
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Chamorro
- Institute of Neuroscience, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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