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Edwards H, Mustfa W, Tehreem S, Salamatullah AM, Bourhia M, Ghafoor A. Pharmacotherapeutic potential of malvidin to cure imidacloprid induced hepatotoxicity via regulating PI3K/AKT, Nrf-2/Keap-1 and NF-κB pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 190:114816. [PMID: 38880465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is one of the top-notch insecticides that adversely affects the body organs including the liver. Malvidin (MAL) is a natural flavonoid which exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. This research was designed to evaluate the protective ability of MAL to counteract IMI instigated liver toxicity in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups including control, IMI (5mg/kg), IMI (5mg/kg) + MAL (10mg/kg) and MAL (10mg/kg) alone treated group. The recommended dosages were administrated through oral gavage for 4 weeks. It was revealed that IMI intoxication disrupted the PI3K/AKT and Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway. Furthermore, the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme-oxygenase-1 (OH-1) and glutathione reductase (GSR) were reduced while upregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels after IMI treatment. Moreover, IMI poisoning increased the levels of ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) while reducing the levels of total proteins and albumin in hepatic tissues of rats. Besides, IMI administration escalated the expressions of Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax) and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-3 (Caspase-3) while downregulating the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Similarly, IMI intoxication, increased the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, IMI disrupted the normal architecture of hepatic tissues. However, MAL treatment remarkably protected the liver tissues via regulating abovementioned disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Edwards
- Department of Biology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Warda Mustfa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahaba Tehreem
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11 P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, 70000, Morocco
| | - Ayesha Ghafoor
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nema M, Dutta BJ, Singh S. Alpha-Lipoic acid alleviates imidacloprid-induced neuro-behavioral deficits in rats via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:176-188. [PMID: 37904548 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2266027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI), a widely used pesticide in agriculture and a potential food contaminant, poses significant health concerns. This study sought to comprehensively evaluate its neurotoxic effects while investigating the potential protective role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dietary antioxidant renowned for its capacity to combat oxidative stress, support cardiovascular health, and maintain optimal nerve function. In this study, 28 rats were divided evenly into four groups and administered oral treatments of corn oil, IMI, IMI + ALA, and ALA, respectively. The results of the study indicated that rats exposed to IMI exhibited significant neurobehavioral impairments, decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase activity, reduced expression of HO-1 and Nrf2, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α in their hippocampal tissues. Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the brain tissues, specifically cortex and hippocampus, from the IMI-treated group revealed varying degrees of neuronal degeneration. In contrast, rats co-administered ALA alongside IMI showed noticeable improvements in all the assessed toxicological parameters. This study underscores the vital significance of ALA as a potential therapeutic adjunct in mitigating the adverse neurobehavioral consequences of insecticide exposure. By harnessing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, ALA demonstrates its ability to shield against IMI-induced neurotoxicity, offering a promising avenue for enhancing public health and safety. As a result, our findings advocate for the incorporation of ALA as a daily dietary supplement to fortify resilience against oxidative stress-related neurobehavioral deficits linked to pesticide exposure, thereby advancing our understanding of neuroprotection strategies in the face of environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Nema
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Bihar, India
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Jayanti S, Vitek L, Verde CD, Llido JP, Sukowati C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38254662 PMCID: PMC10813662 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The crucial physiological process of heme breakdown yields biliverdin (BV) and bilirubin (BR) as byproducts. BV, BR, and the enzymes involved in their production (the "yellow players-YP") are increasingly documented as endogenous modulators of human health. Mildly elevated serum bilirubin concentration has been correlated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory diseases, especially in the elderly. BR and BV per se have been demonstrated to protect against neurodegenerative diseases, in which heme oxygenase (HMOX), the main enzyme in the production of pigments, is almost always altered. HMOX upregulation has been interpreted as a tentative defense against the ongoing pathologic mechanisms. With the demonstration that multiple cells possess YP, their propensity to be modulated, and their broad spectrum of activity on multiple signaling pathways, the YP have assumed the role of an adjustable system that can promote health in adults. Based on that, there is an ongoing effort to induce their activity as a therapeutic option, and natural compounds are an attractive alternative to the goal, possibly requiring only minimal changes in the life style. We review the most recent evidence of the potential of natural compounds in targeting the YP in the context of the most common pathologic condition of adult and elderly life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Libor Vitek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - John Paul Llido
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-Onlus, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, ss14, Km 163,5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy or (S.J.); (C.D.V.); (J.P.L.); or (C.S.); (C.T.)
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