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Liu P, Rigoulot S, Jiang X, Zhang S, Pell MD. Unattended Emotional Prosody Affects Visual Processing of Facial Expressions in Mandarin-Speaking Chinese: A Comparison With English-Speaking Canadians. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 52:275-294. [PMID: 33958813 PMCID: PMC8053741 DOI: 10.1177/0022022121990897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emotional cues from different modalities have to be integrated during communication, a process that can be shaped by an individual’s cultural background. We explored this issue in 25 Chinese participants by examining how listening to emotional prosody in Mandarin influenced participants’ gazes at emotional faces in a modified visual search task. We also conducted a cross-cultural comparison between data of this study and that of our previous work in English-speaking Canadians using analogous methodology. In both studies, eye movements were recorded as participants scanned an array of four faces portraying fear, anger, happy, and neutral expressions, while passively listening to a pseudo-utterance expressing one of the four emotions (Mandarin utterance in this study; English utterance in our previous study). The frequency and duration of fixations to each face were analyzed during 5 seconds after the onset of faces, both during the presence of the speech (early time window) and after the utterance ended (late time window). During the late window, Chinese participants looked more frequently and longer at faces conveying congruent emotions as the speech, consistent with findings from English-speaking Canadians. Cross-cultural comparison further showed that Chinese, but not Canadians, looked more frequently and longer at angry faces, which may signal potential conflicts and social threats. We hypothesize that the socio-cultural norms related to harmony maintenance in the Eastern culture promoted Chinese participants’ heightened sensitivity to, and deeper processing of, angry cues, highlighting culture-specific patterns in how individuals scan their social environment during emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Rigoulot
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Kreifelts B, Ethofer T, Wiegand A, Brück C, Wächter S, Erb M, Lotze M, Wildgruber D. The Neural Correlates of Face-Voice-Integration in Social Anxiety Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:657. [PMID: 32765311 PMCID: PMC7381153 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Faces and voices are very important sources of threat in social anxiety disorder (SAD), a common psychiatric disorder where core elements are fears of social exclusion and negative evaluation. Previous research in social anxiety evidenced increased cerebral responses to negative facial or vocal expressions and also generally increased hemodynamic responses to voices and faces. But it is unclear if also the cerebral process of face-voice-integration is altered in SAD. Applying functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the correlates of the audiovisual integration of dynamic faces and voices in SAD as compared to healthy individuals. In the bilateral midsections of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) increased integration effects in SAD were observed driven by greater activation increases during audiovisual stimulation as compared to auditory stimulation. This effect was accompanied by increased functional connectivity with the visual association cortex and a more anterior position of the individual integration maxima along the STS in SAD. These findings demonstrate that the audiovisual integration of facial and vocal cues in SAD is not only systematically altered with regard to intensity and connectivity but also the individual location of the integration areas within the STS. These combined findings offer a novel perspective on the neuronal representation of social signal processing in individuals suffering from SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kreifelts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ariane Wiegand
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Brück
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Wächter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Erb
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Group, Department for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Wildgruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Rawdon C, Murphy D, Motyer G, Munafò MR, Penton-Voak I, Fitzgerald A. An investigation of emotion recognition training to reduce symptoms of social anxiety in adolescence. Psychiatry Res 2018; 263:257-267. [PMID: 29602534 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of emotion recognition training on social anxiety symptoms among adolescents, aged 15-18 years. The study included a screening session, which identified participants who scored above a cut-off on a self-report measure of social anxiety for enrolment into a randomized controlled trial (Clinical Trials ID: NCT02550379). Participants were randomized to an intervention condition designed to increase the perception of happiness over disgust in ambiguous facial expressions or a sham intervention control condition, and completed self-report measures of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, anxiety-related disorders, and depressive symptoms. The intervention group demonstrated a strong shift in the balance point at which they perceived happiness over disgust in ambiguous facial expressions. This increase in positive perception was not associated with any changes in the primary outcome of social anxiety; however, some evidence of improvement in symptomatology was observed on one of a number of secondary outcomes. Those in the intervention group had lower depression symptoms at 2-week follow-up, compared to those in the control group who received the sham intervention training. Potential reasons for why the shift in balance point measurement was not associated with a concurrent shift in symptoms of social anxiety are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rawdon
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Daria Murphy
- University College Dublin School of Psychology, Newman Building Belfield, Dublin 4 Dublin, Leinster Ireland.
| | - Gillian Motyer
- University College Dublin School of Psychology, Newman Building Belfield, Dublin 4 Dublin, Leinster Ireland.
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Ian Penton-Voak
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- University College Dublin School of Psychology, Newman Building Belfield, Dublin 4 Dublin, Leinster Ireland.
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Tseng HH, Huang YL, Chen JT, Liang KY, Lin CC, Chen SH. Facial and prosodic emotion recognition in social anxiety disorder. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2017; 22:331-345. [PMID: 28537109 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1330190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) have a cognitive preference to negatively evaluate emotional information. In particular, the preferential biases in prosodic emotion recognition in SAD have been much less explored. The present study aims to investigate whether SAD patients retain negative evaluation biases across visual and auditory modalities when given sufficient response time to recognise emotions. METHODS Thirty-one SAD patients and 31 age- and gender-matched healthy participants completed a culturally suitable non-verbal emotion recognition task and received clinical assessments for social anxiety and depressive symptoms. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to examine group differences in emotion recognition. RESULTS Compared to healthy participants, SAD patients were significantly less accurate at recognising facial and prosodic emotions, and spent more time on emotion recognition. The differences were mainly driven by the lower accuracy and longer reaction times for recognising fearful emotions in SAD patients. Within the SAD patients, lower accuracy of sad face recognition was associated with higher severity of depressive and social anxiety symptoms, particularly with avoidance symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings may represent a cross-modality pattern of avoidance in the later stage of identifying negative emotions in SAD. This pattern may be linked to clinical symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- a Department of Psychiatry , National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,b Department of Psychosis Studies , Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Yu-Lien Huang
- c Department of Psychology , Fo Gung University , Yilan , Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ting Chen
- d Department of General Psychiatry , Bali Psychiatric Center , New Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yu Liang
- e Department of Psychiatry , Wei Gong Memorial Hospital , Miaoli City , Taiwan
| | - Chao-Cheng Lin
- f Department of Psychiatry , National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan.,g Yujie Clinic , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Sue-Huei Chen
- h Department of Psychology , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Peschard V, Philippot P, Gilboa-Schechtman E. Involuntary processing of social dominance cues from bimodal face-voice displays. Cogn Emot 2016; 32:13-23. [PMID: 28000541 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1266304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social-rank cues communicate social status or social power within and between groups. Information about social-rank is fluently processed in both visual and auditory modalities. So far, the investigation on the processing of social-rank cues has been limited to studies in which information from a single modality was assessed or manipulated. Yet, in everyday communication, multiple information channels are used to express and understand social-rank. We sought to examine the (in)voluntary nature of processing of facial and vocal signals of social-rank using a cross-modal Stroop task. In two experiments, participants were presented with face-voice pairs that were either congruent or incongruent in social-rank (i.e. social dominance). Participants' task was to label face social dominance while ignoring the voice, or label voice social dominance while ignoring the face. In both experiments, we found that face-voice incongruent stimuli were processed more slowly and less accurately than were the congruent stimuli in the face-attend and the voice-attend tasks, exhibiting classical Stroop-like effects. These findings are consistent with the functioning of a social-rank bio-behavioural system which consistently and automatically monitors one's social standing in relation to others and uses that information to guide behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Peschard
- a Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center , Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel.,b Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology , Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippot
- b Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology , Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
| | - Eva Gilboa-Schechtman
- a Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center , Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel
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Peschard V, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Philippot P. Selective attention to emotional prosody in social anxiety: a dichotic listening study. Cogn Emot 2016; 31:1749-1756. [PMID: 27910731 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2016.1261012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The majority of evidence on social anxiety (SA)-linked attentional biases to threat comes from research using facial expressions. Emotions are, however, communicated through other channels, such as voice. Despite its importance in the interpretation of social cues, emotional prosody processing in SA has been barely explored. This study investigated whether SA is associated with enhanced processing of task-irrelevant angry prosody. Fifty-three participants with high and low SA performed a dichotic listening task in which pairs of male/female voices were presented, one to each ear, with either the same or different prosody (neutral or angry). Participants were instructed to focus on either the left or right ear and to identify the speaker's gender in the attended side. Our main results show that, once attended, task-irrelevant angry prosody elicits greater interference than does neutral prosody. Surprisingly, high socially anxious participants were less prone to distraction from attended-angry (compared to attended-neutral) prosody than were low socially anxious individuals. These findings emphasise the importance of examining SA-related biases across modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Peschard
- a Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute , Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium.,b Laboratory of Emotion Processing, Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center , Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Eva Gilboa-Schechtman
- b Laboratory of Emotion Processing, Psychology Department and the Gonda Brain Science Center , Bar Ilan University , Ramat-Gan , Israel
| | - Pierre Philippot
- a Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute , Université Catholique de Louvain , Louvain-la-Neuve , Belgium
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7
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Kim DH, Lee JH. A Preliminary Study on the Biased Attention and Interpretation in the Recognition of Face-Body Compound of the Individuals with Social Anxiety. Front Psychol 2016; 7:414. [PMID: 27047433 PMCID: PMC4806295 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the processes through which individuals with social anxiety (SA) attend to and interpret compound emotional expressions of the face and body. Incongruent face-body compound images that combined an angry face (or body) with a fearful, sad, or happy body (or face) were presented to a SA group (n = 22) and a healthy control (HC) group (n = 22). The participants were instructed to interpret the emotional state of the image, and their eye-movements and behavioral responses were measured. The results revealed that both group showed longer scanpath length during the recognition of compound images which combined angry face with angry, fearful, sadness, or happy body. The SA group also showed longer scanpath length in congruent face-body compound images of fear and sad. Additionally, the SA group fixated for a shorter period of time on the face and longer on the body than the HC group. Regarding emotion interpretation, the SA group was more likely to interpret the emotional state of incongruent face-body compound images based on the body than the HC group. These findings provide a preliminary observation that individuals with SA showed different attentional bias pattern by congruency of face-body compound images and that it might have biased their interpretations of the emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Clinical Neuro-psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Han Lee
- Clinical Neuro-psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Coussement C, Heeren A. Vers une architecture cognitive du maintien du biais attentionnel envers la menace dans l’anxiété : une approche par comparaison de modèles. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2015. [DOI: 10.3917/anpsy.154.0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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Vers une architecture cognitive du maintien du biais attentionnel envers la menace dans l’anxiété : une approche par comparaison de modèles. ANNEE PSYCHOLOGIQUE 2015. [DOI: 10.4074/s0003503315000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Gerdes ABM, Wieser MJ, Alpers GW. Emotional pictures and sounds: a review of multimodal interactions of emotion cues in multiple domains. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1351. [PMID: 25520679 PMCID: PMC4248815 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, multiple sensory channels jointly trigger emotional experiences and one channel may alter processing in another channel. For example, seeing an emotional facial expression and hearing the voice’s emotional tone will jointly create the emotional experience. This example, where auditory and visual input is related to social communication, has gained considerable attention by researchers. However, interactions of visual and auditory emotional information are not limited to social communication but can extend to much broader contexts including human, animal, and environmental cues. In this article, we review current research on audiovisual emotion processing beyond face-voice stimuli to develop a broader perspective on multimodal interactions in emotion processing. We argue that current concepts of multimodality should be extended in considering an ecologically valid variety of stimuli in audiovisual emotion processing. Therefore, we provide an overview of studies in which emotional sounds and interactions with complex pictures of scenes were investigated. In addition to behavioral studies, we focus on neuroimaging, electro- and peripher-physiological findings. Furthermore, we integrate these findings and identify similarities or differences. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje B M Gerdes
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Georg W Alpers
- Clinical and Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany ; Otto-Selz Institute, University of Mannheim Mannheim, Germany
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Heeren A, Lange WG, Philippot P, Wong QJJ. Biased cognitions and social anxiety: building a global framework for integrating cognitive, behavioral, and neural processes. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:538. [PMID: 25100980 PMCID: PMC4105627 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Heeren
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Wolf-Gero Lange
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Pierre Philippot
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Science Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Quincy J J Wong
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
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