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Iannotti GR, Nadin I, Ivanova V, Tourdot Q, Lascano AM, Momjian S, Schaller KL, Lovblad KO, Grouiller F. Specificity of Quantitative Functional Brain Mapping with Arterial Spin-Labeling for Preoperative Assessment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1302-1308. [PMID: 37857448 PMCID: PMC10631521 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arterial spin-labeling is a noninvasive MR imaging technique allowing direct and quantitative measurement of brain perfusion. Arterial spin-labeling is well-established in clinics for investigating the overall cerebral perfusion, but it is still occasionally employed during tasks. The typical contrast for functional MR imaging is blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging, whose specificity could be biased in neurologic patients due to altered neurovascular coupling. This work aimed to validate the use of functional ASL as a noninvasive tool for presurgical functional brain mapping. This is achieved by comparing the spatial accuracy of functional ASL with transcranial magnetic stimulation as the criterion standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight healthy participants executed a motor task and received a somatosensory stimulation, while BOLD imaging and arterial spin-labeling were acquired simultaneously. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was subsequently used to define hand somatotopy. RESULTS Functional ASL was found more adjacent to transcranial magnetic stimulation than BOLD imaging, with a significant shift along the inferior-to-superior direction. With respect to BOLD imaging, functional ASL was localized significantly more laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly during motor tasks and pneumatic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the specificity of functional ASL in targeting the regional neuronal excitability. Functional ASL could be considered as a valid supplementary technique to BOLD imaging for presurgical mapping when spatial accuracy is crucial for delineating eloquent cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina R Iannotti
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department (G.R.I., K.O.L.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isaure Nadin
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Ivanova
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Tourdot
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Q.T.), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Agustina M Lascano
- Division of Neurology (A.M.L.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shahan Momjian
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl L Schaller
- Department of Neurosurgery (G.R.I., I.N., V.I., S.M., K.L.S.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl O Lovblad
- From the Division of Neuroradiology, Diagnostic Department (G.R.I., K.O.L.), Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Grouiller
- Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences (F.G.), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (F.G.), MRI University of Geneva Cognitive and Affective Neuroimaging Section, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neurology and Imaging of Cognition (F.G.), Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Asghar M, Sanchez-Panchuelo R, Schluppeck D, Francis S. Two-Dimensional Population Receptive Field Mapping of Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:816-834. [PMID: 37634160 PMCID: PMC10522535 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed maps of how sensory space is mapped in the human brain. Here, we use a novel 16 stimulator setup (a 4 × 4 grid) to measure two-dimensional sensory maps of between and within-digit (D2-D4) space using high spatial-resolution (1.25 mm isotropic) imaging at 7 Tesla together with population receptive field (pRF) mapping in 10 participants. Using a 2D Gaussian pRF model, we capture maps of the coverage of digits D2-D5 across Brodmann areas and estimate pRF size and shape. In addition, we compare results to previous studies that used fewer stimulators by constraining pRF models to a 1D Gaussian Between Digit or 1D Gaussian Within Digit model. We show that pRFs across somatosensory areas tend to have a strong preference to cover the within-digit axis. We show an increase in pRF size moving from D2-D5. We quantify pRF shapes in Brodmann area (BA) 3b, 3a, 1, 2 and show differences in pRF size in Brodmann areas 3a-2, with larger estimates for BA2. Generally, the 2D Gaussian pRF model better represents pRF coverage maps generated by our data, which itself is produced from a 2D stimulation grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asghar
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Lee HS, Schreiner L, Jo SH, Sieghartsleitner S, Jordan M, Pretl H, Guger C, Park HS. Individual finger movement decoding using a novel ultra-high-density electroencephalography-based brain-computer interface system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1009878. [PMID: 36340769 PMCID: PMC9627315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1009878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology enables users to operate external devices without physical movement. Electroencephalography (EEG) based BCI systems are being actively studied due to their high temporal resolution, convenient usage, and portability. However, fewer studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of high spatial resolution of EEG on decoding precise body motions, such as finger movements, which are essential in activities of daily living. Low spatial sensor resolution, as found in common EEG systems, can be improved by omitting the conventional standard of EEG electrode distribution (the international 10-20 system) and ordinary mounting structures (e.g., flexible caps). In this study, we used newly proposed flexible electrode grids attached directly to the scalp, which provided ultra-high-density EEG (uHD EEG). We explored the performance of the novel system by decoding individual finger movements using a total of 256 channels distributed over the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Dense distribution and small-sized electrodes result in an inter-electrode distance of 8.6 mm (uHD EEG), while that of conventional EEG is 60 to 65 mm on average. Five healthy subjects participated in the experiment, performed single finger extensions according to a visual cue, and received avatar feedback. This study exploits mu (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-25 Hz) band power features for classification and topography plots. 3D ERD/S activation plots for each frequency band were generated using the MNI-152 template head. A linear support vector machine (SVM) was used for pairwise finger classification. The topography plots showed regular and focal post-cue activation, especially in subjects with optimal signal quality. The average classification accuracy over subjects was 64.8 (6.3)%, with the middle versus ring finger resulting in the highest average accuracy of 70.6 (9.4)%. Further studies are required using the uHD EEG system with real-time feedback and motor imagery tasks to enhance classification performance and establish the basis for BCI finger movement control of external devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin S. Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Leonhard Schreiner
- g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Schiedlberg, Upper Austria, Austria
- Institute for Integrated Circuits, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Seong-Hyeon Jo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Michael Jordan
- g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Schiedlberg, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Harald Pretl
- Institute for Integrated Circuits, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Guger
- g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Schiedlberg, Upper Austria, Austria
| | - Hyung-Soon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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4
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Janko D, Thoenes K, Park D, Willoughby WR, Horton M, Bolding M. Somatotopic Mapping of the Fingers in the Somatosensory Cortex Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Review of Literature. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:866848. [PMID: 35847829 PMCID: PMC9277538 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.866848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated finger somatotopy in humans and other primates using a variety of brain mapping techniques including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we review the literature to better understand the reliability of fMRI for mapping the somatosensory cortex. We have chosen to focus on the hand and fingers as these areas have the largest representation and have been the subject of the largest number of somatotopic mapping experiments. Regardless of the methods used, individual finger somatosensory maps were found to be organized across Brodmann areas (BAs) 3b, 1, and 2 in lateral-to-medial and inferior-to-superior fashion moving from the thumb to the pinky. However, some consistent discrepancies are found that depend principally on the method used to stimulate the hand and fingers. Therefore, we suggest that a comparative analysis of different types of stimulation be performed to address the differences described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janko
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kristina Thoenes
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine Auburn, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Dahye Park
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - W R Willoughby
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Meredith Horton
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mark Bolding
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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5
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Wu J, Wang C, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang J, Yan T, Suo D, Wang L, Liu X, Zhang J. Development of a Piezoelectric Actuated Tactile Stimulation Device for Population Receptive Field Mapping in Human Somatosensory Cortex With fMRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1055-1065. [PMID: 35324031 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multichannel tactile stimulation devices is need to investigate human finger population receptive field (pRF) characteristics in the primary somatosensory cortex during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). PURPOSE To accurately characterize right-hand somatosensory representation based on the Bayesian pRF model. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A water phantom and six healthy participants (four males, mean 23.8 years old). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo, T2*-weighted echo planar imaging at 3 T. ASSESSMENT The piezoelectric actuated tactile stimulation device consisted of execution unit and control unit. The output performance of the device was measured by a laser displacement sensor. The effect of the device on images' signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured by phantom experiments. The activation representation arrangement order, relative volumes, and receptive field size of the right hand were assessed during the along-digits and cross-digits paradigms. STATISTICAL TESTS The normality of the data was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk method. A paired-sample t test was performed to test pRF characteristics for all digit pairings. The significance level was set to P = 0.05 (false discovery rate [FDR] correct). RESULTS Percussive stimulation provided by the piezoelectric actuated tactile stimulator had a stable displacement (2.64 mm) over a wide range of vibration frequencies (0-30 Hz). The output delay of the device was 1 millisecond. The device did not affect the image's SNR (without the device: SNR = 138.24 ± 7.87, temporal SNR [TSNR] = 440.03 ± 52.08. With the device: SNR = 138.06 ± 8.44, TSNR = 438.52 ± 56.38. PSNR = 0.88, PTSNR = 0.46). Representations of right-hand fingers showed the same arrangement order in both experiments (D1-D5 arranged along the central sulcus). However, the relative volumes of D3 showed significant differences in S1 (P = 0.003). Among four subareas, the relative volumes of D3 were significantly different in area 1 (P = 0.047). DATA CONCLUSION This developed stimulator, through experimental verification, could play a role in pRF mapping exploration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Wu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Luyao Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Section on Functional Imaging Methods, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Ernst J, Weiss T, Wanke N, Frahm J, Felmerer G, Farina D, Schilling AF, Wilke MA. Case Report: Plasticity in Central Sensory Finger Representation and Touch Perception After Microsurgical Reconstruction of Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:793036. [PMID: 35281503 PMCID: PMC8914191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.793036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After brachial plexus injury (BPI), early microsurgery aims at facilitating reconnection of the severed peripheral nerves with their orphan muscles and sensory receptors and thereby reestablishing communication with the brain. In order to investigate this sensory recovery, here we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and tactile psychophysics in a patient who suffered a sharp, incomplete amputation of the dominant hand at the axilla level. To determine somatosensory detection and discomfort thresholds as well as sensory accuracy for fingers of both the intact and affected hand, we used electrotactile stimulation in the framework of a mislocalization test. Additionally, tactile stimulation was performed in the MRI scanner in order to determine the cortical organization of the possibly affected primary somatosensory cortex. The patient was able to detect electrotactile stimulation in 4 of the 5 fingertips (D1, D2, D4, D5), and in the middle phalanx in D3 indicating some innervation. The detection and discomfort threshold were considerably higher at the affected side than at the intact side, with higher detection and discomfort thresholds for the affected side. The discrimination accuracy was rather low at the affected side, with stimulation of D1/D2/D3/D4/D5 eliciting most commonly a sensation at D4/D1/D3/D2/D5, respectively. The neuroimaging data showed a mediolateral succession from D2 to D5 to D1 to D4 (no activation was observed for D3). These results indicate a successful regrowth of the peripheral nerve fibers from the axilla to four fingertips. The data suggest that some of the fibers have switched location in the process and there is a beginning of cortical reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex, possibly resulting from a re-education of the brain due to conflicting information (touch vs. vision).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ernst
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics, and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Ernst
| | - Thomas Weiss
- Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Wanke
- Fakultät Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Forschungs-GmbH am Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunther Felmerer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics, and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arndt F. Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics, and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike A. Wilke
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics, and Plastic Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fakultät Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg), Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Wang L, Zhang Z, Okada T, Li C, Chen D, Funahashi S, Wu J, Yan T. Population Receptive Field Characteristics in the between- and Within-Digit Dimensions of the Undominant Hand in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4427-4438. [PMID: 33973012 PMCID: PMC8408438 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatotopy is an important guiding principle for sensory fiber organization in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which reflects tactile information processing and is associated with disease-related reorganization. However, it is difficult to measure the neuronal encoding scheme in S1 in vivo in normal participants. Here, we investigated the somatotopic map of the undominant hand using a Bayesian population receptive field (pRF) model. The model was established in hand space with between- and within-digit dimensions. In the between-digit dimension, orderly representation was found, which had low variability across participants. The pRF shape tended to be elliptical for digits with high spatial acuity, for which the long axis was along the within-digit dimension. In addition, the pRF width showed different change trends in the 2 dimensions across digits. These results provide new insights into the neural mechanisms in S1, allowing for in-depth investigation of somatosensory information processing and disease-related reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Okada
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Duanduan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced research institute of multidisciplinary science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Chandrasekaran S, Bickel S, Herrero JL, Kim JW, Markowitz N, Espinal E, Bhagat NA, Ramdeo R, Xu J, Glasser MF, Bouton CE, Mehta AD. Evoking highly focal percepts in the fingertips through targeted stimulation of sulcal regions of the brain for sensory restoration. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1184-1196. [PMID: 34358704 PMCID: PMC8884403 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paralysis and neuropathy, affecting millions of people worldwide, can be accompanied by significant loss of somatosensation. With tactile sensation being central to achieving dexterous movement, brain-computer interface (BCI) researchers have used intracortical and cortical surface electrical stimulation to restore somatotopically-relevant sensation to the hand. However, these approaches are restricted to stimulating the gyral areas of the brain. Since representation of distal regions of the hand extends into the sulcal regions of human primary somatosensory cortex (S1), it has been challenging to evoke sensory percepts localized to the fingertips. Objective/hypothesis: Targeted stimulation of sulcal regions of S1, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) depth electrodes, can evoke focal sensory percepts in the fingertips. Methods: Two participants with intractable epilepsy received cortical stimulation both at the gyri via high-density electrocorticography (HD-ECoG) grids and in the sulci via SEEG depth electrode leads. We characterized the evoked sensory percepts localized to the hand. Results: We show that highly focal percepts can be evoked in the fingertips of the hand through sulcal stimulation. fMRI, myelin content, and cortical thickness maps from the Human Connectome Project elucidated specific cortical areas and sub-regions within S1 that evoked these focal percepts. Within-participant comparisons showed that percepts evoked by sulcal stimulation via SEEG electrodes were significantly more focal (80% less area; p = 0.02) and localized to the fingertips more often, than by gyral stimulation via HD-ECoG electrodes. Finally, sulcal locations with consistent modulation of high-frequency neural activity during mechanical tactile stimulation of the fingertips showed the same somatotopic correspondence as cortical stimulation. Conclusions: Our findings indicate minimally invasive sulcal stimulation via SEEG electrodes could be a clinically viable approach to restoring sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Chandrasekaran
- Neural Bypass and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Stephan Bickel
- The Human Brain Mapping Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jose L Herrero
- The Human Brain Mapping Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Joo-Won Kim
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noah Markowitz
- The Human Brain Mapping Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- The Human Brain Mapping Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Nikunj A Bhagat
- Neural Bypass and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Richard Ramdeo
- Neural Bypass and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Junqian Xu
- Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Departments of Radiology and Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad E Bouton
- Neural Bypass and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- The Human Brain Mapping Laboratory, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
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9
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Larzabal C, Auboiroux V, Karakas S, Charvet G, Benabid AL, Chabardès S, Costecalde T, Bonnet S. The Riemannian Spatial Pattern method: mapping and clustering movement imagery using Riemannian geometry. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 33770779 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abf291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the last decade, Riemannian geometry has shown promising results for motor imagery classification. However, extracting the underlying spatial features is not as straightforward as for applying Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) filtering prior to classification. In this article, we propose a simple way to extract the spatial patterns obtained from Riemannian classification: the Riemannian Spatial Pattern (RSP) method, which is based on the backward channel selection procedure. APPROACH The RSP method was compared to the CSP approach on ECoG data obtained from a quadriplegic patient while performing imagined movements of arm articulations and fingers. MAIN RESULTS Similar results were found between the RSP and CSP methods for mapping each motor imagery task with activations following the classical somatotopic organization. Clustering obtained by pairwise comparisons of imagined motor movements however, revealed higher differentiation for the RSP method compared to the CSP approach. Importantly, the RSP approach could provide a precise comparison of the imagined finger flexions which added supplementary information to the mapping results. SIGNIFICANCE Our new RSP method illustrates the interest of the Riemannian framework in the spatial domain and as such offers new avenues for the neuroimaging community. This study is part of an ongoing clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02550522.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Auboiroux
- CEA de Grenoble, Clinatec, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38054, FRANCE
| | - Serpil Karakas
- CEA de Grenoble, Clinatec, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38054, FRANCE
| | - Guillaume Charvet
- CEA de Grenoble, Clinatec, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38054, FRANCE
| | - Alim-Louis Benabid
- CEA de Grenoble, Clinatec, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38054, FRANCE
| | | | - Thomas Costecalde
- CEA de Grenoble, Clinatec, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38054, FRANCE
| | - Stephane Bonnet
- CEA de Grenoble, DTBS, Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 38000, FRANCE
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10
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Akselrod M, Martuzzi R, van der Zwaag W, Blanke O, Serino A. Relation between palm and finger cortical representations in primary somatosensory cortex: A 7T fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2262-2277. [PMID: 33621380 PMCID: PMC8046155 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies focused on the cortical representations of fingers, while the palm is relatively neglected despite its importance for hand function. Here, we investigated palm representation (PR) and its relationship with finger representations (FRs) in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Few studies in humans suggested that PR is located medially with respect to FRs in S1, yet to date, no study directly quantified the somatotopic organization of PR and the five FRs. Importantly, the link between the somatotopic organization of PR and FRs and their activation properties remains largely unexplored. Using 7T fMRI, we mapped PR and the five FRs at the single subject level. First, we analyzed the cortical distance between PR and FRs to determine their somatotopic organization. Results show that PR was located medially with respect to D5. Second, we tested whether the observed cortical distances would predict the relationship between PR and FRs activations. Using three complementary measures (cross-activations, pattern similarity and resting-state connectivity), we show that the relationship between PR and FRs activations were not determined by their somatotopic organization, that is, there was no gradient moving from D5 to D1, except for resting-state connectivity, which was predicted by the somatotopy. Instead, we show that the representational geometry of PR and FRs activations reflected the physical structure of the hand. Collectively, our findings suggest that the spatial proximity between topographically organized neuronal populations do not necessarily predicts their functional properties, rather the structure of the sensory space (e.g., the hand shape) better describes the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Akselrod
- Laboratory MySpace, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Minded Program, CMON Unit, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Martuzzi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Foundation Campus Biotech Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Serino
- Laboratory MySpace, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute and Center for Neuroprosthetics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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A probabilistic atlas of finger dominance in the primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroimage 2020; 217:116880. [PMID: 32376303 PMCID: PMC7339146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of ultra-high field (7T), high spatial resolution functional MRI (fMRI) has allowed the differentiation of the cortical representations of each of the digits at an individual-subject level in human primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Here we generate a probabilistic atlas of the contralateral SI representations of the digits of both the left and right hand in a group of 22 right-handed individuals. The atlas is generated in both volume and surface standardised spaces from somatotopic maps obtained by delivering vibrotactile stimulation to each distal phalangeal digit using a travelling wave paradigm. Metrics quantify the likelihood of a given position being assigned to a digit (full probability map) and the most probable digit for a given spatial location (maximum probability map). The atlas is validated using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure. Anatomical variance across the somatotopic map is also assessed to investigate whether the functional variability across subjects is coupled to structural differences. This probabilistic atlas quantifies the variability in digit representations in healthy subjects, finding some quantifiable separability between digits 2, 3 and 4, a complex overlapping relationship between digits 1 and 2, and little agreement of digit 5 across subjects. The atlas and constituent subject maps are available online for use as a reference in future neuroimaging studies.
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12
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Jia S, Wang L, Wang H, Lv X, Wu J, Yan T, Li C, Hu B. Pneumatical-Mechanical Tactile Stimulation Device for Somatotopic Mapping of Body Surface During fMRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1093-1101. [PMID: 32359119 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for devices that allow reproducible stimulation of skin areas of humans for investigating somatosensory mapping of the whole-body surface. However, their design is not simple, due to the magnetic field of MRI scanners. PURPOSE To accurately characterize the mapping of somatosensory presentation of the whole-body surface of subjects during functional (f)MRI scans. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A water phantom and six healthy participants (age 23-27 years; two males) were recruited for the fMRI experiment. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T1 -weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo, T2 *-weighted gradient echo sequence at 3T. ASSESSMENT The stimulation device for somatotopic mapping was composed of three units: an air-generating unit, a control unit, and an execution unit. The fMRI in response to tactile stimulation was measured to characterize somatotopic mapping of the right-side body consisting of hand, arm, and leg in six healthy subjects. STATISTICAL TESTS Pared-samples t-test for the conditions in SII. RESULTS The pneumatical-mechanical tactile stimulation offered a wide range of stimulation intensities (0-400 g) in each channel. The predetermined physical pressure was successfully reached within ~5 msec and returned to baseline within 5 msec after the end of stimulation. With this tactile device, the digressive rate of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (271.44 without the device, 269.68 with the device) was 0.65% in the magnetic field environment. For the fMRI experiment, the primary somatosensory activation contralateral to the stimulation site was detected in response to spatial task and attentive task. DATA CONCLUSION This stimulation device characterized the mapping of somatosensory representation of the whole-body surface in individual participants during fMRI scans. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 1. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1093-1101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikui Jia
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baomin Hu
- Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Holmes NP, Tamè L, Beeching P, Medford M, Rakova M, Stuart A, Zeni S. Locating primary somatosensory cortex in human brain stimulation studies: experimental evidence. J Neurophysiol 2018; 121:336-344. [PMID: 30575432 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00641.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over human primary somatosensory cortex (S1) does not produce immediate outputs. Researchers must therefore rely on indirect methods for TMS coil positioning. The "gold standard" is to use individual functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, but the majority of studies don't do this. The most common method to locate the hand area of S1 (S1-hand) is to move the coil posteriorly from the hand area of primary motor cortex (M1-hand). Yet, S1-hand is not directly posterior to M1-hand. We localized the index finger area of S1-hand (S1-index) experimentally in four ways. First, we reanalyzed functional MRI data from 20 participants who received vibrotactile stimulation to their 10 digits. Second, to assist the localization of S1-hand without MRI data, we constructed a probabilistic atlas of the central sulcus from 100 healthy adult MRIs and measured the likely scalp location of S1-index. Third, we conducted two experiments mapping the effects of TMS across the scalp on tactile discrimination performance. Fourth, we examined all available neuronavigation data from our laboratory on the scalp location of S1-index. Contrary to the prevailing method, and consistent with systematic review evidence, S1-index is close to the C3/C4 electroencephalography (EEG) electrode locations on the scalp, ~7-8 cm lateral to the vertex, and ~2 cm lateral and 0.5 cm posterior to the M1-hand scalp location. These results suggest that an immediate revision to the most commonly used heuristic to locate S1-hand is required. The results of many TMS studies of S1-hand need reassessment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Noninvasive human brain stimulation requires indirect methods to target particular brain areas. Magnetic stimulation studies of human primary somatosensory cortex have used scalp-based heuristics to find the target, typically locating it 2 cm posterior to the motor cortex. We measured the scalp location of the hand area of primary somatosensory cortex and found that it is ~2 cm lateral to motor cortex. Our results suggest an immediate revision of the prevailing method is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Paul Holmes
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Tamè
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Paisley Beeching
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Mary Medford
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading , United Kingdom
| | - Mariyana Rakova
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading , Reading , United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Stuart
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Zeni
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park , Nottingham , United Kingdom
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14
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Schweisfurth MA, Frahm J, Farina D, Schweizer R. Comparison of fMRI Digit Representations of the Dominant and Non-dominant Hand in the Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:492. [PMID: 30618677 PMCID: PMC6295472 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tactile digit representations in the primary somatosensory cortex have so far been mapped for either the left or the right hand. This study localized all ten digit representations in right-handed subjects and compared them within and across the left and right hands to assess potential differences in the functional organization of the digit map between hands and in the structural organization between hemispheres. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of tactile stimulation of each fingertip in BA 3b confirmed the expected lateral-anterior-inferior to medial-posterior-superior succession from thumb to little-finger representation, located in the post-central gyrus opposite to the motor hand knob. While the more functionally related measures, such as the extent and strength of activation as well as the Euclidean distance between neighboring digit representations, showed significant differences between the digits, no side difference was detected: the layout of the functional digit-representation map did not consistently differ between the left, non-dominant, and the right, dominant hand. Comparing the absolute spatial coordinates also revealed a significant difference for the digits, but not between the left and right hand digits. Estimating the individual subject's digit coordinates of one hand by within-subject mirroring of the other-hand digit coordinates across hemispheres yielded a larger estimation error distance than using averaged across-subjects coordinates from within the same hemisphere. However, both methods should only be used with care for single-subject clinical evaluation, as an average estimation error of around 9 mm was observed, being slightly higher than the average distance between neighboring digits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike A Schweisfurth
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.,Fakultät Life Sciences, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, London, United Kingdom
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Abstract
Somatosensory areas containing topographic maps of the body surface are a major feature of parietal cortex. In primates, parietal cortex contains four somatosensory areas, each with its own map, with the primary cutaneous map in area 3b. Rodents have at least three parietal somatosensory areas. Maps are not isomorphic to the body surface, but magnify behaviorally important skin regions, which include the hands and face in primates, and the whiskers in rodents. Within each map, intracortical circuits process tactile information, mediate spatial integration, and support active sensation. Maps may also contain fine-scale representations of touch submodalities, or direction of tactile motion. Functional representations are more overlapping than suggested by textbook depictions of map topography. The whisker map in rodent somatosensory cortex is a canonic system for studying cortical microcircuits, sensory coding, and map plasticity. Somatosensory maps are plastic throughout life in response to altered use or injury. This chapter reviews basic principles and recent findings in primate, human, and rodent somatosensory maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Harding-Forrester
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Daniel E Feldman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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16
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Shen G, Smyk NJ, Meltzoff AN, Marshall PJ. Using somatosensory mismatch responses as a window into somatotopic processing of tactile stimulation. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13030. [PMID: 29139557 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain responses to tactile stimulation have often been studied through the examination of ERPs elicited to touch on the body surface. Here, we examined two factors potentially modulating the amplitude of the somatosensory mismatch negativity (sMMN) and P300 responses elicited by touch to pairs of body parts: (a) the distance between the representation of these body parts in somatosensory cortex, and (b) the physical distances between the stimulated points on the body surface. The sMMN and the P300 response were elicited by tactile stimulation in two oddball protocols. One protocol leveraged a discontinuity in cortical somatotopic organization, and involved stimulation of either the neck or the hand in relation to stimulation of the lip. The other protocol involved stimulation to the third or fifth finger in relation to the second finger. The neck-lip pairing resulted in significantly larger sMMN responses (with shorter latencies) than the hand-lip pairing, whereas the reverse was true for the amplitude of the P300. Mean sMMN amplitude and latency did not differ between finger pairings. However, larger P300 responses were elicited to stimulation of the fifth finger than the third finger. These results suggest that, for certain combinations of body parts, early automatic somatosensory mismatch responses may be influenced by distance between the cortical representations of these body parts, whereas the later P300 response may be more influenced by the distance between stimulated body parts on the body surface. Future investigations can shed more light on this novel suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Shen
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan J Smyk
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew N Meltzoff
- Institute for Learning and Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J Marshall
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Neural encoding of saltatory pneumotactile velocity in human glabrous hand. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183532. [PMID: 28841675 PMCID: PMC5571944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the somatosensory cortex are exquisitely sensitive to mechanical stimulation of the skin surface. The location, velocity, direction, and adaptation of tactile stimuli on the skin’s surface are discriminable features of somatosensory processing, however the representation and processing of dynamic tactile arrays in the human somatosensory cortex are poorly understood. The principal aim of this study was to map the relation between dynamic saltatory pneumatic stimuli at discrete traverse velocities on the glabrous hand and the resultant pattern of evoked BOLD response in the human brain. Moreover, we hypothesized that the hand representation in contralateral Brodmann Area (BA) 3b would show a significant dependence on stimulus velocity. Saltatory pneumatic pulses (60 ms duration, 9.5 ms rise/fall) were repetitively sequenced through a 7-channel TAC-Cell array at traverse velocities of 5, 25, and 65 cm/s on the glabrous hand initiated at the tips of D2 (index finger) and D3 (middle finger) and sequenced towards the D1 (thumb). The resulting hemodynamic response was sampled during 3 functional MRI scans (BOLD) in 20 neurotypical right-handed adults at 3T. Results from each subject were inserted to the one-way ANOVA within-subjects and one sample t-test to evaluate the group main effect of all three velocities stimuli and each of three different velocities, respectively. The stimulus evoked BOLD response revealed a dynamic representation of saltatory pneumotactile stimulus velocity in a network consisting of the contralateral primary hand somatosensory cortex (BA3b), associated primary motor cortex (BA4), posterior insula, and ipsilateral deep cerebellum. The spatial extent of this network was greatest at the 5 and 25 cm/s pneumotactile stimulus velocities.
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18
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Puckett AM, Bollmann S, Barth M, Cunnington R. Measuring the effects of attention to individual fingertips in somatosensory cortex using ultra-high field (7T) fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 161:179-187. [PMID: 28801252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention to sensory information has been shown to modulate the neuronal processing of that information. For example, visuospatial attention acts by modulating responses at retinotopically appropriate regions of visual cortex (Puckett and DeYoe, 2015; Tootell et al. 1998). Much less, however, is known about the neuronal processing associated with attending to other modalities of sensory information. One reason for this is that visual cortex is relatively large, and therefore easier to access non-invasively in humans using tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). With high-resolution fMRI, however, it is now possible to access smaller cortical areas such as primary somatosensory cortex (Martuzzi et al., 2014; Sanchez-Panchuelo et al., 2010; Schweisfurth et al. 2014; Schweizer et al. 2008). Here, we combined a novel experimental design and high-resolution fMRI at ultra-high field (7T) to measure the effects of attention to tactile stimulation in primary somatosensory cortex, S1. We find that attention modulates somatotopically appropriate regions of S1, and importantly, that this modulation can be measured at the level of the cortical representation of individual fingertips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Puckett
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Saskia Bollmann
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Barth
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ross Cunnington
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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19
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Lee W, Kim S, Kim B, Lee C, Chung YA, Kim L, Yoo SS. Non-invasive transmission of sensorimotor information in humans using an EEG/focused ultrasound brain-to-brain interface. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178476. [PMID: 28598972 PMCID: PMC5466306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present non-invasive means that detect unilateral hand motor brain activity from one individual and subsequently stimulate the somatosensory area of another individual, thus, enabling the remote hemispheric link between each brain hemisphere in humans. Healthy participants were paired as a sender and a receiver. A sender performed a motor imagery task of either right or left hand, and associated changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) mu rhythm (8-10 Hz) originating from either hemisphere were programmed to move a computer cursor to a target that appeared in either left or right of the computer screen. When the cursor reaches its target, the outcome was transmitted to another computer over the internet, and actuated the focused ultrasound (FUS) devices that selectively and non-invasively stimulated either the right or left hand somatosensory area of the receiver. Small FUS transducers effectively allowed for the independent administration of stimulatory ultrasonic waves to somatosensory areas. The stimulation elicited unilateral tactile sensation of the hand from the receiver, thus establishing the hemispheric brain-to-brain interface (BBI). Although there was a degree of variability in task accuracy, six pairs of volunteers performed the BBI task in high accuracy, transferring approximately eight commands per minute. Linkage between the hemispheric brain activities among individuals suggests the possibility for expansion of the information bandwidth in the context of BBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhye Lee
- Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Suji Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeongnam Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungki Lee
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong An Chung
- Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Laehyun Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Schik Yoo
- Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.,Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
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20
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High-resolution fMRI investigations of the fingertip somatotopy and variability in BA3b and BA1 of the primary somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience 2016; 339:667-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Flesher SN, Collinger JL, Foldes ST, Weiss JM, Downey JE, Tyler-Kabara EC, Bensmaia SJ, Schwartz AB, Boninger ML, Gaunt RA. Intracortical microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:361ra141. [PMID: 27738096 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation of the somatosensory cortex offers the potential for creating a sensory neuroprosthesis to restore tactile sensation. Whereas animal studies have suggested that both cutaneous and proprioceptive percepts can be evoked using this approach, the perceptual quality of the stimuli cannot be measured in these experiments. We show that microstimulation within the hand area of the somatosensory cortex of a person with long-term spinal cord injury evokes tactile sensations perceived as originating from locations on the hand and that cortical stimulation sites are organized according to expected somatotopic principles. Many of these percepts exhibit naturalistic characteristics (including feelings of pressure), can be evoked at low stimulation amplitudes, and remain stable for months. Further, modulating the stimulus amplitude grades the perceptual intensity of the stimuli, suggesting that intracortical microstimulation could be used to convey information about the contact location and pressure necessary to perform dexterous hand movements associated with object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene N Flesher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer L Collinger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Stephen T Foldes
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Weiss
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John E Downey
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Tyler-Kabara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sliman J Bensmaia
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew B Schwartz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Systems Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael L Boninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Robert A Gaunt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. .,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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22
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Somatotopic Map and Inter- and Intra-Digit Distance in Brodmann Area 2 by Pressure Stimulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30243. [PMID: 27452859 PMCID: PMC4958956 DOI: 10.1038/srep30243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The somatotopic representation of the tactile stimulation on the finger in the brain is an essential part of understanding the human somatosensory system as well as rehabilitation and other clinical therapies. Many studies have used vibrotactile stimulations and reported finger somatotopic representations in the Brodmann area 3 (BA 3). On the contrary, few studies investigated finger somatotopic representation using pressure stimulations. Therefore, the present study aimed to find a comprehensive somatotopic representation (somatotopic map and inter- and intra-digit distance) within BA 2 of humans that could describe tactile stimulations on different joints across the fingers by applying pressure stimulation to three joints-the first (p1), second (p2), and third (p3) joints-of four fingers (index, middle, ring, and little finger). Significant differences were observed in the inter-digit distance between the first joints (p1) of the index and little fingers, and between the third joints (p3) of the index and little fingers. In addition, a significant difference was observed in the intra-digit distance between p1 and p3 of the little finger. This study suggests that a somatotopic map and inter- and intra-digit distance could be found in BA 2 in response to pressure stimulation on finger joints.
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Choi MH, Kim SP, Kim HS, Chung SC. Inter- and Intradigit Somatotopic Map of High-Frequency Vibration Stimulations in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3714. [PMID: 27196488 PMCID: PMC4902430 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although more about the somatotopic mapping of fingers continues to be uncovered, there is lack of mapping attempts regarding the integration of within-finger and across-finger somatotopic coordinates in Broadmann area (BA) 3. This study aimed to address the issue by finding an inter-/intradigit somatotopic map with high-frequency (250 Hz) vibrotactile stimulation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired while stimulation was applied to 3 phalanxes (distal [p1], intermediate [p2], and proximal [p3] phalanx) of 4 fingers (index, middle, ring, and little finger) for a total of 12 finger-phalanx combinations for a human. Inter-, intra-, and inter-/intradigit distances were calculated from peak activation coordinates in BA 3 for each combination. With regard to interdigit dimensions, the somatotopic coordinates proceeded in the lateral-to-medial direction for the index, middle, ring, and little fingers consecutively. This trend is comparable to that generated from low-frequency stimulation modalities (flutter stimulation). The somatotopic distances between fingers were greatest when p1 was compared across fingers. From an intradigit perspective, stimulation on p1, p2, and p3 yielded BA 3 peak coordinates aligned along the anterior-to-posterior and inferior-to-superior directions for all fingers. An inter-/intradigit map exhibited a radially propagating trend of distances calculated with respect to index p1 as a reference point; this provided an integrated view of inter- and intradigit somatotopies, which are traditionally discussed separately. We expect such an inter-/intradigit somatotopic map approach to contribute in generating a comprehensive somatotopic model of fingers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyun Choi
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju (M-HC, H-SK, S-CC); and Department of Human and Systems Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan (S-PK), South Korea
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Wardak C, Guipponi O, Pinède S, Ben Hamed S. Tactile representation of the head and shoulders assessed by fMRI in the nonhuman primate. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:80-91. [PMID: 26467517 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00633.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonhuman primates, tactile representation at the cortical level has mostly been studied using single-cell recordings targeted to specific cortical areas. In this study, we explored the representation of tactile information delivered to the face or the shoulders at the whole brain level, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the nonhuman primate. We used air puffs delivered to the center of the face, the periphery of the face, or the shoulders. These stimulations elicited activations in numerous cortical areas, encompassing the primary and secondary somatosensory areas, prefrontal and premotor areas, and parietal, temporal, and cingulate areas as well as low-level visual cortex. Importantly, a specific parieto-temporo-prefrontal network responded to the three stimulations but presented a marked preference for air puffs directed to the center of the face. This network corresponds to areas that are also involved in near-space representation, as well as in the multisensory integration of information at the interface between this near space and the skin of the face, and is probably involved in the construction of a peripersonal space representation around the head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wardak
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Olivier Guipponi
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Serge Pinède
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Suliann Ben Hamed
- Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
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Schweisfurth MA, Frahm J, Schweizer R. Individual left-hand and right-hand intra-digit representations in human primary somatosensory cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2155-63. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike A. Schweisfurth
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering; Universitätsmedizin Göttingen; 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie; Göttingen Germany
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH; Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie; Göttingen Germany
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Pfannmöller JP, Schweizer R, Lotze M. Automated analysis protocol for high resolution BOLD-fMRI mapping of the fingertip somatotopy in brodmann area 3b. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:479-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg P. Pfannmöller
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald; Germany
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Biomedizinische NMR-Forschungs GmbH, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysical Chemistry; Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald; Germany
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