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Duque A, Picado G, Salgado G, Salgado A, Palacios B, Chaves C. Validation of the Edited Tromsø Infant Faces Database (E-TIF): A study on differences in the processing of children's emotional expressions. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:2507-2518. [PMID: 37369938 PMCID: PMC10991014 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Images of emotional facial expressions are often used in emotion research, which has promoted the development of different databases. However, most of these standardized sets of images do not include images from infants under 2 years of age, which is relevant for psychology research, especially for perinatal psychology. The present study aims to validate the edited version of the Tromsø Infant Faces Database (E-TIF) in a large sample of participants. The original set of 119 pictures was edited. The pictures were cropped to remove nonrelevant information, fitted in an oval window, and converted to grayscale. Four hundred and eighty participants (72.9% women) took part in the study, rating the images on five dimensions: depicted emotion, clarity, intensity, valence, and genuineness. Valence scores were useful for discriminating between positive, negative, and neutral facial expressions. Results revealed that women were more accurate at recognizing emotions in children. Regarding parental status, parents, in comparison with nonparents, rated neutral expressions as more intense and genuine. They also rated sad, angry, disgusted, and fearful faces as less negative, and happy expressions as less positive. The editing and validation of the E-TIF database offers a useful tool for basic and experimental research in psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Duque
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, C/ Compañía 5, 37002, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Picado
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, C/ Compañía 5, 37002, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gloria Salgado
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Alfonso Salgado
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, C/ Compañía 5, 37002, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, C/ Compañía 5, 37002, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Covadonga Chaves
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas s/n, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.
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Matyjek M, Meliss S, Dziobek I, Murayama K. A Multidimensional View on Social and Non-Social Rewards. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:818. [PMID: 32973574 PMCID: PMC7466643 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social rewards are a broad and heterogeneous set of stimuli including for instance smiling faces, gestures, or praise. They have been widely investigated in cognitive and social neuroscience as well as psychology. Research often contrasts the neural processing of social rewards with non-social ones, with the aim to demonstrate the privileged and unique nature of social rewards or to examine shared neural processing underlying them. However, such comparisons mostly neglect other important dimensions of rewards that are conflated in those types of rewards: primacy, temporal proximity, duration, familiarity, source, tangibility, naturalness, and magnitude. We identify how commonly used rewards in both social and non-social domains may differ in respect to these dimensions and how their interaction calls for careful consideration of alternative interpretations of observed effects. Additionally, we propose potential solutions on how to adapt the multidimensional view to experimental research. Altogether, these methodological considerations aim to inform and improve future experimental designs in research utilizing rewarding stimuli, especially in the social domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Matyjek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meliss
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Dziobek
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kou Murayama
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
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Valla LG, Bossi F, Calì R, Fox V, Ali SI, Rivolta D. Not Only Whites: Racial Priming Effect for Black Faces in Black People. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2018.1462185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Bossi
- University of Milan–Bicocca
- NeuroMI: Milan Center for Neuroscience
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Self-face advantage over familiar and unfamiliar faces: A three-level meta-analytic approach. Psychon Bull Rev 2018; 25:1287-1300. [DOI: 10.3758/s13423-018-1487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zocchi S, Borasio F, Rivolta D, Rositano L, Scotti I, Liccione D. Temporally extended self-awareness and affective engagement in three-year-olds. Conscious Cogn 2018; 57:147-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramon M, Gobbini MI. Familiarity matters: A review on prioritized processing of personally familiar faces. VISUAL COGNITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13506285.2017.1405134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meike Ramon
- Department of Psychology, Visual and Social Neuroscience, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ida Gobbini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Medical School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
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Ameller A, Picard A, D'Hondt F, Vaiva G, Thomas P, Pins D. Implicit Recognition of Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces in Schizophrenia: A Study of the Skin Conductance Response in Familiarity Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 29033855 PMCID: PMC5624991 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familiarity is a subjective sensation that contributes to person recognition. This process is described as an emotion-based memory-trace of previous meetings and could be disrupted in schizophrenia. Consequently, familiarity disorders could be involved in the impaired social interactions observed in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have primarily focused on famous people recognition. Our aim was to identify underlying features, such as emotional disturbances, that may contribute to familiarity disorders in schizophrenia. We hypothesize that patients with familiarity disorders will exhibit a lack of familiarity that could be detected by a flattened skin conductance response (SCR). METHOD The SCR was recorded to test the hypothesis that emotional reactivity disturbances occur in patients with schizophrenia during the categorization of specific familiar, famous and unknown faces as male or female. Forty-eight subjects were divided into the following 3 matched groups with 16 subjects per group: control subjects, schizophrenic people with familiarity disorder, and schizophrenic people without familiarity disorders. RESULTS Emotional arousal is reflected by the skin conductance measures. The control subjects and the patients without familiarity disorders experienced a differential emotional response to the specific familiar faces compared with that to the unknown faces. Nevertheless, overall, the schizophrenic patients without familiarity disorders showed a weaker response across conditions compared with the control subjects. In contrast, the patients with familiarity disorders did not show any significant differences in their emotional response to the faces, regardless of the condition. CONCLUSION Only patients with familiarity disorders fail to exhibit a difference in emotional response between familiar and non-familiar faces. These patients likely emotionally process familiar faces similarly to unknown faces. Hence, the lower feelings of familiarity in schizophrenia may be a premise enabling the emergence of familiarity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurely Ameller
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aline Picard
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Thomas
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Pins
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab), CNRS UMR 9193, University of Lille, Lille, France.,CURE, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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Keyes H, Zalicks C. Socially Important Faces Are Processed Preferentially to Other Familiar and Unfamiliar Faces in a Priming Task across a Range of Viewpoints. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156350. [PMID: 27219101 PMCID: PMC4878734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a priming paradigm, we investigate whether socially important faces are processed preferentially compared to other familiar and unfamiliar faces, and whether any such effects are affected by changes in viewpoint. Participants were primed with frontal images of personally familiar, famous or unfamiliar faces, and responded to target images of congruent or incongruent identity, presented in frontal, three quarter or profile views. We report that participants responded significantly faster to socially important faces (a friend's face) compared to other highly familiar (famous) faces or unfamiliar faces. Crucially, responses to famous and unfamiliar faces did not differ. This suggests that, when presented in the context of a socially important stimulus, socially unimportant familiar faces (famous faces) are treated in a similar manner to unfamiliar faces. This effect was not tied to viewpoint, and priming did not affect socially important face processing differently to other faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Keyes
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zalicks
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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