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Difference between the Effects of Peripheral Sensory Nerve Electrical Stimulation on the Excitability of the Primary Motor Cortex: Examination of the Combinations of Stimulus Frequency and Duration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121637. [PMID: 36552097 PMCID: PMC9775552 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensory nerve electrical stimulation (PES) excites the primary motor cortex and is expected to improve motor dysfunction post-stroke. However, previous studies have reported a variety of stimulus frequencies and stimulus duration settings, and the effects of these different combinations on primary motor cortex excitability are not clear. We aimed to clarify the effects of different combinations of stimulus frequency and stimulus duration of PES on the excitation of primary motor cortex. Twenty-one healthy individuals (aged > 18 years, right-handed, and without a history of neurological or orthopedic disorders) were included. Each participant experienced three different stimulation frequencies (1, 10 and 50 Hz) and durations (20, 40 and 60 min). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded pre- and post-PES. The outcome measure was the change in primary motor cortex excitability using the MEP ratio. We used a D-optimal design of experiments and response surface analysis to define the optimal combination within nine different settings inducing more satisfying responses. The combination of stimulation frequency and stimulation time that maximized the desirability value was 10 Hz and 40 min, respectively. The results of this study may provide fundamental data for more minimally invasive and effective implementation of PES in patients with stroke.
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Jadidi AF, Stevenson AJT, Zarei AA, Jensen W, Lontis R. Effect of Modulated TENS on Corticospinal Excitability in Healthy Subjects. Neuroscience 2022; 485:53-64. [PMID: 35031397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been reported to effectively alleviate chronic pain, including phantom limb pain (PLP). Recently, literature has focused on modulated TENS patterns, such as pulse width modulation (PWM) and burst modulation (BM), as alternatives to conventional, non-modulated (NM) sensory neurostimulation to increase the efficiency of rehabilitation. However, there is still limited knowledge of how these modulated TENS patterns affect corticospinal (CS) and motor cortex activity. Therefore, our aim was to first investigate the effect of modulated TENS patterns on CS activity and corticomotor map in healthy subjects. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded from three muscles before and after the application of TENS interventions. Four different TENS patterns (PWM, BM, NM 40 Hz, and NM 100 Hz) were applied. The results revealed significant facilitation of CS excitability following the PWM intervention. We also found an increase in the volume of the motor cortical map following the application of the PWM and NM (40 Hz). Although PLP alleviation has been reported to be associated with an enhancement of corticospinal excitability, the efficiency of the PWM intervention to induce pain alleviation should be validated in a future clinical study in amputees with PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Faghani Jadidi
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | | | - Ali Asghar Zarei
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Winnie Jensen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Romulus Lontis
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
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Rogić Vidaković M, Kostović A, Jerković A, Šoda J, Russo M, Stella M, Knežić A, Vujović I, Mihalj M, Baban J, Ljubenkov D, Peko M, Benzon B, Hagelien MV, Đogaš Z. Using Cutaneous Receptor Vibration to Uncover the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Motor Cortical Excitability. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923166. [PMID: 32459795 PMCID: PMC7275644 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about how vibrational stimuli applied to hand digits affect motor cortical excitability. The present transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study investigated motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the upper extremity muscle following high-frequency vibratory digit stimulation. Material/Methods High-frequency vibration was applied to the upper extremity digit II utilizing a miniature electromagnetic solenoid-type stimulator-tactor in 11 healthy study participants. The conditioning stimulation (C) preceded the test magnetic stimulation (T) by inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) of 5–500 ms in 2 experimental sessions. The TMS was applied over the primary motor cortex for the hand abductor pollicis-brevis (APB) muscle. Results Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test indicated significant suppression of MEP amplitudes at ISIs of 200 ms (P=0.001), 300 ms (P=0.023), and 400 ms (P=0.029) compared to control. Conclusions MEP amplitude suppression was observed in the APB muscle at ISIs of 200–400 ms, applying afferent signaling that originates in skin receptors following the vibratory stimuli. The study provides novel insight on the time course and MEP modulation following cutaneous receptor vibration of the hand digit. The results of the study may have implications in neurology in the neurorehabilitation of patients with increased amplitude of MEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Rogić Vidaković
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Kostović
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Jerković
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Šoda
- Signal Processing, Analysis and Advanced Diagnostics Research and Education Laboratory (SPAADREL), University of Split Faculty of Maritime Studies, Split, Croatia
| | - Mladen Russo
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Stella
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ante Knežić
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Vujović
- Signal Processing, Analysis and Advanced Diagnostics Research and Education Laboratory (SPAADREL), University of Split Faculty of Maritime Studies, Split, Croatia
| | - Mario Mihalj
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Electromyoneurography, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jure Baban
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Ljubenkov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marin Peko
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Maximilian Vincent Hagelien
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Zoran Đogaš
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory for Human and Experimental Neurophysiology (LAHEN), University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Sasaki R, Kotan S, Nakagawa M, Miyaguchi S, Kojima S, Saito K, Inukai Y, Onishi H. Presence and Absence of Muscle Contraction Elicited by Peripheral Nerve Electrical Stimulation Differentially Modulate Primary Motor Cortex Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:146. [PMID: 28392766 PMCID: PMC5364169 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of cortical excitability by sensory inputs is a critical component of sensorimotor integration. Sensory afferents, including muscle and joint afferents, to somatosensory cortex (S1) modulate primary motor cortex (M1) excitability, but the effects of muscle and joint afferents specifically activated by muscle contraction are unknown. We compared motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following median nerve stimulation (MNS) above and below the contraction threshold based on the persistence of M-waves. Peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PES) conditions, including right MNS at the wrist at 110% motor threshold (MT; 110% MNS condition), right MNS at the index finger (sensory digit nerve stimulation [DNS]) with stimulus intensity approximately 110% MNS (DNS condition), and right MNS at the wrist at 90% MT (90% MNS condition) were applied. PES was administered in a 4 s ON and 6 s OFF cycle for 20 min at 30 Hz. In Experiment 1 (n = 15), MEPs were recorded from the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) before (baseline) and after PES. In Experiment 2 (n = 15), M- and F-waves were recorded from the right APB. Stimulation at 110% MNS at the wrist evoking muscle contraction increased MEP amplitudes after PES compared with those at baseline, whereas DNS at the index finger and 90% MNS at the wrist not evoking muscle contraction decreased MEP amplitudes after PES. M- and F-waves, which reflect spinal cord or muscular and neuromuscular junctions, did not change following PES. These results suggest that muscle contraction and concomitant muscle/joint afferent inputs specifically enhance M1 excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Sasaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kotan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakagawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Shota Miyaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Sho Kojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Inukai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare Niigata, Japan
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