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Tremblay P, Sato M. Movement-related cortical potential and speech-induced suppression during speech production in younger and older adults. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 253:105415. [PMID: 38692095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
With age, the speech system undergoes important changes that render speech production more laborious, slower and often less intelligible. And yet, the neural mechanisms that underlie these age-related changes remain unclear. In this EEG study, we examined two important mechanisms in speech motor control: pre-speech movement-related cortical potential (MRCP), which reflects speech motor planning, and speaking-induced suppression (SIS), which indexes auditory predictions of speech motor commands, in 20 healthy young and 20 healthy older adults. Participants undertook a vowel production task which was followed by passive listening of their own recorded vowels. Our results revealed extensive differences in MRCP in older compared to younger adults. Further, while longer latencies were observed in older adults on N1 and P2, in contrast, the SIS was preserved. The observed reduced MRCP appears as a potential explanatory mechanism for the known age-related slowing of speech production, while preserved SIS suggests intact motor-to-auditory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tremblay
- Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département de Réadaptation, Quebec City G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City G1J 2G3, Canada.
| | - Marc Sato
- Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Soliman F, Stockall L, Sharma D. Registered report protocol: Perceptual effects of Arabic grammatical gender on occupational expectations in a gamified speech production task. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292936. [PMID: 37862292 PMCID: PMC10588854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The default use of masculine morphology to refer to all genders in Arabic-speaking countries is largely unquestioned and widely accepted. However, research on masculine generic morphology in other gender-marked languages has shown that this can create an over-representation of men and a male-bias in perception. Given the extensive use of default masculine grammatical gender in the context of job recruitment, education, and formal communication where women are typically underrepresented and men overrepresented, this widely accepted notion needs to be investigated. The primary aim of this research is to understand how grammatical gender in Arabic mediates occupational expectations based on the language currently used in job recruitment in Arabic speaking countries. Specifically, the study explores how the use of default masculine grammatical gender can create a male-bias in perception. The secondary aim of this research is to test whether gender-inclusive language can reduce this male-bias in perception and instead increase the accessibility, activation, and retrieval of exemplars related to other gender minorities (i.e., reduce male-bias in perception). This is achieved through a novel prompted speech production experiment, based on an adaptation of the popular board game 'Taboo' where participants are asked to describe role nouns presented (e.g., doctor or nurse) in different language conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Soliman
- Department of Linguistics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linnaea Stockall
- Department of Linguistics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Devyani Sharma
- Department of Linguistics, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Bastiaanse R, Ohlerth AK. Presurgical Language Mapping: What Are We Testing? J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030376. [PMID: 36983558 PMCID: PMC10055827 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are brain tumors infiltrating healthy cortical and subcortical areas that may host cognitive functions, such as language. If these areas are damaged during surgery, the patient might develop word retrieval or articulation problems. For this reason, many glioma patients are operated on awake, while their language functions are tested. For this practice, quite simple tests are used, for example, picture naming. This paper describes the process and timeline of picture naming (noun retrieval) and shows the timeline and localization of the distinguished stages. This is relevant information for presurgical language testing with navigated Magnetic Stimulation (nTMS). This novel technique allows us to identify cortical involved in the language production process and, thus, guides the neurosurgeon in how to approach and remove the tumor. We argue that not only nouns, but also verbs should be tested, since sentences are built around verbs, and sentences are what we use in daily life. This approach’s relevance is illustrated by two case studies of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelien Bastiaanse
- University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Ann-Katrin Ohlerth
- Neurobiology of Language Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, P.O. Box 310, 6500 AH Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Effects of Binaural Beat Stimulation in Adults with Stuttering. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020309. [PMID: 36831852 PMCID: PMC9954735 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several studies have demonstrated a link between stuttering and abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) β-power in cortex. Effects of exposure to binaural stimuli were studied in adults with stuttering (AWS, n = 6) and fluent participants (n = 6) using EEG, ECG, and speech analysis. During standard reading tasks without stimulation, in controls but not in the AWS group, EEG β-power was significantly higher in the left hemisphere than in the right hemisphere. After stimulation, the power of the β-band in AWS participants in the left hemisphere increased 1.54-fold. The average β-band power within the left frontotemporal area and temporoparietal junction of the cortex after stimulation in AWS participants shows an increase by 1.65-fold and 1.72-fold, respectively. The rate of disfluency dropped significantly immediately after stimulation (median 74.70% of the baseline). Similarly, the speech rate significantly increased immediately after stimulation (median 133.15%). We show for the first time that auditory binaural beat stimulation can improve speech fluency in AWS, and its effect is proportional to boost in EEG β-band power in left frontotemporal and temporoparietal junction of cortex. Changes in β-power were detected immediately after exposure and persisted for 10 min. Additionally, these effects were accompanied by a reduction in stress levels.
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Gallo F, Bermudez-Margaretto B, Shtyrov Y, Abutalebi J, Kreiner H, Chitaya T, Petrova A, Myachykov A. First Language Attrition: What It Is, What It Isn't, and What It Can Be. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:686388. [PMID: 34557079 PMCID: PMC8452950 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.686388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at clarifying the concept of first language attrition by tracing its limits, identifying its phenomenological and contextual constraints, discussing controversies associated with its definition, and suggesting potential directions for future research. We start by reviewing different definitions of attrition as well as associated inconsistencies. We then discuss the underlying mechanisms of first language attrition and review available evidence supporting different background hypotheses. Finally, we attempt to provide the groundwork to build a unified theoretical framework allowing for generalizable results. To this end, we suggest the deployment of a rigorous neuroscientific approach, in search of neural markers of first language attrition in different linguistic domains, putting forward hypothetical experimental ways to identify attrition's neural traces and formulating predictions for each of the proposed experimental paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Gallo
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatriz Bermudez-Margaretto
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Shtyrov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Hamutal Kreiner
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Linguistic Cognition Laboratory, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Tamara Chitaya
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Petrova
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andriy Myachykov
- Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Fairs A, Michelas A, Dufour S, Strijkers K. The Same Ultra-Rapid Parallel Brain Dynamics Underpin the Production and Perception of Speech. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab040. [PMID: 34296185 PMCID: PMC8262084 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal dynamics by which linguistic information becomes available is one of the key properties to understand how language is organized in the brain. An unresolved debate between different brain language models is whether words, the building blocks of language, are activated in a sequential or parallel manner. In this study, we approached this issue from a novel perspective by directly comparing the time course of word component activation in speech production versus perception. In an overt object naming task and a passive listening task, we analyzed with mixed linear models at the single-trial level the event-related brain potentials elicited by the same lexico-semantic and phonological word knowledge in the two language modalities. Results revealed that both word components manifested simultaneously as early as 75 ms after stimulus onset in production and perception; differences between the language modalities only became apparent after 300 ms of processing. The data provide evidence for ultra-rapid parallel dynamics of language processing and are interpreted within a neural assembly framework where words recruit the same integrated cell assemblies across production and perception. These word assemblies ignite early on in parallel and only later on reverberate in a behavior-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie Fairs
- Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, LPL, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Sophie Dufour
- Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, LPL, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France
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