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Xiang G, Sui M, Jiang N, Luo R, Xia J, Wei X, Lin Y, Li X, Cai Z, Lin J, Li S, Chen W, Zhao Y, Yang L. The progress in epidemiological, diagnosis and treatment of primary hemifacial spasm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38600. [PMID: 39430510 PMCID: PMC11490810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial Spasm is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent and rhythmic spasms of the facial muscles, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. This condition can be classified into primary and secondary types; this article focuses on the characteristics of primary hemifacial spasm. Epidemiological studies indicate that the condition is more common in women, older adults, and individuals with posterior fossa stenosis or uneven blood flow dynamics, and is associated with gene expression related to demyelinating lesions. In terms of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging can show the location of arterial or venous compression on the facial nerve on a macroscopic level and reveal white matter lesions on a microscopic level. Additionally, optimized electrophysiological techniques can determine the type of neural excitation disorder from both central and peripheral perspectives, thereby improving detection rates. There are numerous treatment options available. Although early oral medications may have limited effectiveness, botulinum toxin injections can provide temporary relief. Future considerations include balancing injection costs with long-term efficacy. Microvascular decompression remains the preferred treatment approach and can be further optimized with endoscopic techniques. For refractory cases, alternative therapies such as facial nerve massage, radiofrequency techniques, rhizotomy, or acupuncture may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Xiang
- Zunyi Medical University Campus Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghong Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Naifu Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwei Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinling Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Zunyi Medical University Campus Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Zunyi Medical University Campus Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixiang Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxia Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shipei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- College of Health Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Standard Robots Co.,Ltd, Room 405, Building D, Huafeng International Robot Fusen Industrial Park, Hangcheng Avenue, Guxing Community, Xixiang Street, Baoan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Zunyi Medical University Campus Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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2
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Funk PF, Levit B, Bar-Haim C, Ben-Dov D, Volk GF, Grassme R, Anders C, Guntinas-Lichius O, Hanein Y. Wireless high-resolution surface facial electromyography mask for discrimination of standardized facial expressions in healthy adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19317. [PMID: 39164429 PMCID: PMC11336214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Wired high resolution surface electromyography (sEMG) using gelled electrodes is a standard method for psycho-physiological, neurological and medical research. Despite its widespread use electrode placement is elaborative, time-consuming, and the overall experimental setting is prone to mechanical artifacts and thus offers little flexibility. Wireless and easy-to-apply technologies would facilitate more accessible examination in a realistic setting. To address this, a novel smart skin technology consisting of wireless dry 16-electrodes was tested. The soft electrode arrays were attached to the right hemiface of 37 healthy adult participants (60% female; 20 to 57 years). The participants performed three runs of a standard set of different facial expression exercises. Linear mixed-effects models utilizing the sEMG amplitudes as outcome measure were used to evaluate differences between the facial movement tasks and runs (separately for every task). The smart electrodes showed specific activation patterns for each of the exercises. 82% of the exercises could be differentiated from each other with very high precision when using the average muscle action of all electrodes. The effects were consistent during the 3 runs. Thus, it appears that wireless high-resolution sEMG analysis with smart skin technology successfully discriminates standard facial expressions in research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Funk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bara Levit
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Bar-Haim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dvir Ben-Dov
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Grassme
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Prevention, Biomechanics, German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Foodstuffs and Catering Industry, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Anders
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- X-Trodes, Herzliya, Israel
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3
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Franz L, Marioni G, Daloiso A, Biancoli E, Tealdo G, Cazzador D, Nicolai P, de Filippis C, Zanoletti E. Facial Surface Electromyography: A Novel Approach to Facial Nerve Functional Evaluation after Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery. J Clin Med 2024; 13:590. [PMID: 38276096 PMCID: PMC10816927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery may cause facial nerve damage. However, a comprehensive evaluation of post-operative facial outcomes may be difficult to achieve. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a promising non-invasive evaluation tool. However, its use in the follow-up after VS surgery has not been reported yet. The main objective was to develop and validate a new sEMG application specifically for the post-VS surgery setting. Secondary goals were to provide a systematic description of facial muscle activity after VS surgery and assess the association between sEMG parameters and Sunnybrook scale scores. METHODS Thirty-three patients with facial palsy following VS surgery were included. The clinical outcomes (Sunnybrook symmetry, movement, and synkinesis scores) and sEMG parameters (signal amplitude normalized by the maximal voluntary contraction (NEMG) and sEMG synkinesis score (ESS, number of synkinesis per movement sequence)) were evaluated at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS In all tested muscles, NEMG variance was significantly higher on the affected side than the contralateral (variance ratio test, p < 0.00001 for each muscle). In total, 30 out of 33 patients (90.9%) showed an ESS ≥ 1 (median: 2.5, IQR: 1.5-3.0). On the affected side, NEMG values positively correlated with both dynamic and overall Sunnybrook scores (Spearman's model, p < 0.05 for each muscle, except orbicularis oculi). ESS significantly correlated with the Sunnybrook synkinesis score (Spearman's rho: 0.8268, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS We described and preliminarily validated a novel multiparametric sEMG approach based on both signal amplitude and synkinesis evaluation specifically for oto-neurosurgery. Large-scale studies are mandatory to further characterize the semiological and prognostic value of facial sEMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Franz
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (G.M.); (C.d.F.)
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Gino Marioni
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (G.M.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Antonio Daloiso
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elia Biancoli
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Diego Cazzador
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
| | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy; (G.M.); (C.d.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Otolaryngology Unit, Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.D.); (E.B.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (P.N.); (E.Z.)
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4
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Franz L, de Filippis C, Daloiso A, Biancoli E, Iannacone FP, Cazzador D, Tealdo G, Marioni G, Nicolai P, Zanoletti E. Facial surface electromyography: A systematic review on the state of the art and current perspectives. Am J Otolaryngol 2024; 45:104041. [PMID: 37716082 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral facial nerve palsy is a severely disabling condition. In current clinical practice, the commonest tools to assess facial palsy are grading scales, digital face image analyses or facial muscle electrophysiology. However, these techniques suffer from subjectivity or invasiveness and cannot be applied as part of a routine clinical assessment. Therefore, novel non-invasive office-based tools are needed. Surface electromyography (sEMG) may potentially fulfill the requirements of objectivity, low examiner-dependence, and minimal invasiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to define the state of the art on the use of sEMG for facial nerve functional assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO in January 2023. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS After the application of inclusion-exclusion criteria, 15 manuscripts with adequate relevance to this topic were included in the review. CONCLUSIONS Facial sEMG represents a potentially useful tool to implement objective quantification of facial nerve function in clinical practice. Given the heterogeneity of methods and analysis in the available studies, sEMG results are hardly comparable. The introduction of methodological guidelines, followed by large prospective studies on well-defined subsets of patients with facial nerve impairment, is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Franz
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy; Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Innovation in Clinical Research and Methodology (PhD Program), Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosimo de Filippis
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Antonio Daloiso
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elia Biancoli
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Pio Iannacone
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Cazzador
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Tealdo
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Gino Marioni
- Phoniatrics and Audiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Otolaryngology Section, Department of Neuroscience DNS, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
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McArthur GE, Lee E, Laycock R. Autism Traits and Cognitive Performance: Mediating Roles of Sleep Disturbance, Anxiety and Depression. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4560-4576. [PMID: 36138298 PMCID: PMC10627948 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Theories about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have addressed cognitive deficits however few have examined how comorbid diagnoses, including sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression contribute to the underlying deficits. We investigated potential mediations of common ASD comorbidities in the relationship between sub-clinical autism traits and cognitive performance using an international community sample. Cognitive tasks assessed working memory [executive functioning (EF) theory], mental state attribution [theory of mind (ToM)], and global/local visual processing [weak central coherence (WCC) theory]. Structural equation modelling (SEM) demonstrated sleep disturbance and anxiety mediated the relationship of autism traits on measures of EF, but not WCC and ToM. This suggests that treating the symptoms of sleep disturbance and anxiety may lead to improvements in working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaynor E McArthur
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Eunro Lee
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin Laycock
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Plenty Rd, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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Guntinas-Lichius O, Trentzsch V, Mueller N, Heinrich M, Kuttenreich AM, Dobel C, Volk GF, Graßme R, Anders C. High-resolution surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during the six basic emotional expressions in healthy adults: a prospective observational study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19214. [PMID: 37932337 PMCID: PMC10628297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution facial surface electromyography (HR-sEMG) is suited to discriminate between different facial movements. Whether HR-sEMG also allows a discrimination among the six basic emotions of facial expression is unclear. 36 healthy participants (53% female, 18-67 years) were included for four sessions. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using a muscle-position oriented electrode application (Fridlund scheme) and by a landmark-oriented, muscle unrelated symmetrical electrode arrangement (Kuramoto scheme) simultaneously on the face. In each session, participants expressed the six basic emotions in response to standardized facial images expressing the corresponding emotions. This was repeated once on the same day. Both sessions were repeated two weeks later to assess repetition effects. HR-sEMG characteristics showed systematic regional distribution patterns of emotional muscle activation for both schemes with very low interindividual variability. Statistical discrimination between the different HR-sEMG patterns was good for both schemes for most but not all basic emotions (ranging from p > 0.05 to mostly p < 0.001) when using HR-sEMG of the entire face. When using information only from the lower face, the Kuramoto scheme allowed a more reliable discrimination of all six emotions (all p < 0.001). A landmark-oriented HR-sEMG recording allows specific discrimination of facial muscle activity patterns during basic emotional expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Trentzsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadiya Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Heinrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Kuttenreich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Dobel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Graßme
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Prevention, Biomechanics, German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Foodstuffs and Catering Industry, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Anders
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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7
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Trentzsch V, Mueller N, Heinrich M, Kuttenreich AM, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF, Anders C. Test-retest reliability of high-resolution surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during facial expressions in healthy adults: A prospective observational study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1126336. [PMID: 36992792 PMCID: PMC10040741 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1126336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesSurface electromyography (sEMG) is a standard method for psycho-physiological research to evaluate emotional expressions or in a clinical setting to analyze facial muscle function. High-resolution sEMG shows the best results to discriminate between different facial expressions. Nevertheless, the test-retest reliability of high-resolution facial sEMG is not analyzed in detail yet, as good reliability is a necessary prerequisite for its repeated clinical application.MethodsThirty-six healthy adult participants (53% female, 18–67 years) were included. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using an arrangement of electrodes oriented by the underlying topography of the facial muscles (Fridlund scheme) and simultaneously by a geometric and symmetrical arrangement on the face (Kuramoto scheme). In one session, participants performed three trials of a standard set of different facial expression tasks. On one day, two sessions were performed. The two sessions were repeated two weeks later. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation statistics were used to analyze the intra-session, intra-day, and between-day reliability.ResultsFridlund scheme, mean ICCs per electrode position: Intra-session: excellent (0.935–0.994), intra-day: moderate to good (0.674–0.881), between-day: poor to moderate (0.095–0.730). Mean ICC’s per facial expression: Intra-session: excellent (0.933–0.991), intra-day: good to moderate (0.674–0.903), between-day: poor to moderate (0.385–0.679). Kuramoto scheme, mean ICC’s per electrode position: Intra-session: excellent (0.957–0.970), intra-day: good (0.751–0.908), between-day: moderate (0.643–0.742). Mean ICC’s per facial expression: Intra-session: excellent (0.927–0.991), intra-day: good to excellent (0.762–0.973), between-day: poor to good (0.235–0.868). The intra-session reliability of both schemes were equal. Compared to the Fridlund scheme, the ICCs for intra-day and between-day reliability were always better for the Kuramoto scheme.ConclusionFor repeated facial sEMG measurements of facial expressions, we recommend the Kuramoto scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Trentzsch
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadiya Mueller
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Heinrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Kuttenreich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-9671-0784
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Anders
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Ziaiee M, Sadeghi H, Karimi MT. Evaluation of Mandibular Movements in Patients with Bell's Palsy Using Kinematic Variables. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:19. [PMID: 37123332 PMCID: PMC10134089 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the function of muscles, and subsequently the mandibular joint, is affected in patients with Bell's palsy, therefore, the evaluation of facial muscles and mandibular function in these patients can be effective in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning. The present study aimed to evaluate the degree of displacement and range of motion (ROM) of the mandible and the ability of the facial symmetrical muscles of patients with Bell's palsy. Methods This was a quasi-experimental comparative study. The variables evaluated were mandibular movement in a vertical direction and side-to-side displacement. Ten patients with Bell's palsy and 10 healthy eligible volunteers participated in the present study. Three mobile video cameras (to record jaw movements), 9 color markers, Kinovea software, House-Brackmann index, Toledo protocol, and a specialized patient questionnaire were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normality of data distribution, and independent samples the t test and paired samples t test were used to compare means. Results The maximum lateral on the sound side was 12.40 and 4.49 mm during lateral movements of the patients' mandible, while this value was between 12.30 and 3 mm on the involved side. There is a difference between the affected side and the nonaffected side in terms of the mean lateral movements of the patients' mandible. However, this difference in the mean ROM on both sides is not statistically significant. The maximum mouth opening in healthy individuals during mandibular movements was between 40 and 60 mm, while this value was between 25 and 50 mm in the patients with Bell's palsy. This study shows a significant difference (P = 0.007) between patients and healthy individuals in terms of the mean of maximum mouth opening ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study showed that the ROM of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of the patient is the same as that of normal subjects, but the side-to-side motion is more than normal which should be considered in rehabilitation treatments. The present study emphasizes the need to implement a mandibular kinematic evaluation protocol in patients with bell's palsy to prevent damage to the TMJ in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansureh Ziaiee
- Department of Sport Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical
Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University Tehran, Iran
| | - Heydar Sadeghi
- Department of Sport Biomechanics and Injuries, Faculty of Physical
Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomechanics, Kinesiology Research Center, Kharazmi
University Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author:Heydar
Sadeghi,
| | - Mohammad Taghi Karimi
- Orthotics and Prosthetics School of Rehabilitation Sciences Research
Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran
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Mueller N, Trentzsch V, Grassme R, Guntinas-Lichius O, Volk GF, Anders C. High-resolution surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during mimic movements in healthy adults: A prospective observational study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1029415. [PMID: 36579128 PMCID: PMC9790991 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1029415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a standard tool in clinical routine and clinical or psychosocial experiments also including speech research and orthodontics to measure the activity of selected facial muscles to objectify facial movements during specific facial exercises or experiments with emotional expressions. Such muscle-specific approaches neglect that facial muscles act more as an interconnected network than as single facial muscles for specific movements. What is missing is an optimal sEMG setting allowing a synchronous measurement of the activity of all facial muscles as a whole. Methods A total of 36 healthy adult participants (53% women, 18-67 years) were included. Electromyograms were recorded from both sides of the face using an arrangement of electrodes oriented by the underlying topography of the facial muscles (Fridlund scheme) and simultaneously by a geometric and symmetrical arrangement on the face (Kuramoto scheme). The participants performed a standard set of different facial movement tasks. Linear mixed-effects models and adjustment for multiple comparisons were used to evaluate differences between the facial movement tasks, separately for both applied schemes. Data analysis utilized sEMG amplitudes and also their maximum-normalized values to account for amplitude differences between the different facial movements. Results Surface electromyography activation characteristics showed systematic regional distribution patterns of facial muscle activation for both schemes with very low interindividual variability. The statistical significance to discriminate between the different sEMG patterns was good for both schemes (significant comparisons for sEMG amplitudes: 87.3%, both schemes, normalized values: 90.9%, Fridlund scheme, 94.5% Kuramoto scheme), but the Kuramoto scheme performed considerably superior. Conclusion Facial movement tasks evoke specific patterns in the complex network of facial muscles rather than activating single muscles. A geometric and symmetrical sEMG recording from the entire face seems to allow more specific detection of facial muscle activity patterns during facial movement tasks. Such sEMG patterns should be explored in more clinical and psychological experiments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Mueller
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,Department of Otolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trentzsch
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,Department of Otolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Grassme
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,Department of Prevention, Biomechanics, German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the Foodstuffs and Catering Industry, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: Orlando Guntinas-Lichius,
| | - Gerd Fabian Volk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany,Facial-Nerve-Center Jena, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany,Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Anders
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Kim Y, Lew H. Modified blink dynamic index predicts activity and severity in patient with facial nerve palsy. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:960593. [PMID: 38983574 PMCID: PMC11182174 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.960593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose We analyzed the dynamics of blink and defined the blink index in facial nerve palsy (FNP) patients using an ocular surface interferometer associated with clinical characteristics and clinical progress. Methods In total, 49 patients were enrolled this study. All patients were tested using an ocular surface interferometer which is used to measure blink patterns (total blink (TB), partial blink rate (PBR)) and blink dynamics (blink time (BT), lid closing time (LCT), closure time (CT), lid opening time (LOT), interblink time (IBT), closing speed (CS), and opening speed (OS)) using 600 frames recorded over 20 s. The distance of lagophthalmos and modified interpalpebral fissure (IPF), which was defined as the actual moving distance of the upper eyelid, subtracting the distance of lagophthalmos from IPF, was measured using the ImageJ program. The types of FNP were "idiopathic" (Bell's palsy) and "surgical" (following the neurosurgery). Patients were classified into "acute" and "chronic" based on the duration of 6 months from the onset time of FNP. The clinical characteristics were classified into mild or severe according to the severe degree of exposure keratopathy-as "severe" if treatment such as tarsorrhaphy and gold plate insertion was required. Results Reduced MRD1, brow height, and modified IPF and increased lagophthalmos were noted in the palsy side. LCT was longer and CS, modified CS, and modified OS were shorter in the palsy side. The LCT was longer and the modified CS was shorter in idiopathic patients with acute onset and with clinically severe. IBT was increased in idiopathic patients with clinically severe. Conclusion Analyzing the blink patterns and blink dynamics, this study suggests meaningful indicators among blink profiles and dynamics, LCT, and modified CS based on modified IPF. It was more associated in the idiopathic type than in the surgical type of FNP patients. The modified CS can be a useful tool for evaluating the activity and severity indicator of FNP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Lew
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
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Schumann NP, Bongers K, Scholle HC, Guntinas-Lichius O. Atlas of voluntary facial muscle activation: Visualization of surface electromyographic activities of facial muscles during mimic exercises. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254932. [PMID: 34280246 PMCID: PMC8289121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex facial muscle movements are essential for many motoric and emotional functions. Facial muscles are unique in the musculoskeletal system as they are interwoven, so that the contraction of one muscle influences the contractility characteristic of other mimic muscles. The facial muscles act more as a whole than as single facial muscle movements. The standard for clinical and psychosocial experiments to detect these complex interactions is surface electromyography (sEMG). What is missing, is an atlas showing which facial muscles are activated during specific tasks. Based on high-resolution sEMG data of 10 facial muscles of both sides of the face simultaneously recorded during 29 different facial muscle tasks, an atlas visualizing voluntary facial muscle activation was developed. For each task, the mean normalized EMG amplitudes of the examined facial muscles were visualized by colors. The colors were spread between the lowest and highest EMG activity. Gray shades represent no to very low EMG activities, light and dark brown shades represent low to medium EMG activities and red shades represent high to very high EMG activities relatively with respect to each task. The present atlas should become a helpful tool to design sEMG experiments not only for clinical trials and psychological experiments, but also for speech therapy and orofacial rehabilitation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus P. Schumann
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kevin Bongers
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans C. Scholle
- Division Motor Research, Pathophysiology and Biomechanics, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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