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Crivelli D, Crotti D, Crottini F, Peviani V, Gandola M, Bottini G, Salvato G. Skin temperature changes in response to body ownership modulation vary according to the side of stimulation. Physiol Behav 2023; 265:114142. [PMID: 36889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research has shown that a unilateral alteration in the sense of limb ownership is associated with the cooling of a limb's temperature. However, the recent emergence of contradictory results calls into question the existence of a relationship between this physiological reaction and the sense of body ownership. In the light of evidence that the malleability of the sense of hand ownership differs based on the preferential motor use of the hand to which the illusion is applied, one might observe the same lateralised pattern in the skin temperature cooling. In particular, if skin temperature change is a signature of body ownership, we expected a stronger illusion and reduction in skin temperature when altering ownership alteration of the left hand compared to the right hand in dextral individuals. To test this hypothesis, we selectively perturbated body ownership of the left or right hand in 24 healthy participants in different experimental sessions using the Mirror-Box Illusion (MBI) paradigm. Participants were asked to tap synchronously or asynchronously at a constant rhythm with their left and right index fingers against two parallel mirrors while looking at their reflected right/left hand. Skin temperature was measured before and after each MBI application, and explicit judgments of ownership and proprioceptive drift were collected. The results showed a consistent cooling of the hand's temperature only when the illusion was performed on the left hand. Proprioceptive drift exhibited the same pattern. In contrast, the explicit judgment of ownership of the reflected hand was similar across the two hands. These data provide evidence in favor of a specific laterality effect of the physiological response to an induced alteration of body part ownership. Moreover, they highlight the possibility of a direct link between proprioception and skin temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Crivelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Crotti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Crottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Peviani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Sensorimotor Lab, Donders Institute for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bottini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salvato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; NeuroMi, Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy; Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
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Fontani V, Rinaldi A, Rinaldi C, Araldi L, Azzarà A, Carta AM, Casale N, Castagna A, Del Medico M, Di Stasio M, Facchini M, Greco M, LaMarca S, Loro G, Marrone A, Palattella A, Pellegata G, Ruini D, Schmitt C, Vianini F, Maioli M, Ventura C, Caltabiano F, Bueno AJ, Fugino Matuoka A, Massahiro Nabechima E, Bechelli FA, da Silveira Bossi F, Nitschke Fontana GC, Finkielsztejn J, Coelho Pereira JA, Nunes Callegaro J, Vasconcelos Pinheiro K, Ferreira Alves LR, Kodja Daguer M, Marins Martins MC, Bezerra Uliana M, Knop Zisman N, Cezar Schütz P, Fochesato PR, Celso Felipe de Castro P, Tanaka Nabechima RM, Randon RB, Rinaldi S. Long-Lasting Efficacy of Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Neuromodulation Treatment on Functional Dysmetria, an Adaptive Motor Behavior. Cureus 2022; 14:e25768. [PMID: 35706441 PMCID: PMC9187162 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is widely defined as the deviation from perfect bilateral symmetry and is considered an epigenetic measure of environmental stress. Rinaldi and Fontani hypothesized that the FA morpho-functional changes originate from an adaptive motor behavior determined by functional alterations in the cerebellum and neural circuits, not caused by a lesion, but induced by environmental stress. They called this phenomenon functional dysmetria (FD). On this premise, they developed the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, a neuromodulation technology aimed at optimizing the best neuro-psycho-motor strategies in relation to environmental interaction. Aims Previous studies showed that specific REAC neuro postural optimization (NPO) treatment can induce stable FD recovery. This study aimed to verify the duration of the NPO effect in inducing the stable FD recovery over time. Materials and methods Data were retrospectively collected from a population of 29,794 subjects who underwent a specific semiological FD assessment and received the NPO treatment, regardless of the pathology referred. Results The analysis of the data collected by the various participants in the study led us to ascertain the disappearance of FD in 100% of the cases treated, with a stability of the result detected up to 18 years after the single administration of the REAC NPO treatment. Conclusions The REAC NPO neurobiological modulation treatment consisting of a single administration surprisingly maintains a very long efficacy in the correction of FD. This effect can be explained as the long-lasting capacity of the NPO treatment to induce greater functional efficiency of the brain dynamics as proven in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Fontani
- Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Area and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, ITA
| | - Laura Araldi
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Alida Azzarà
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Antonio M Carta
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Nicoletta Casale
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Maurizio Del Medico
- Medical Physics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Maurizio Di Stasio
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Marina Facchini
- Neurology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Monica Greco
- Geriatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Savino LaMarca
- Oral Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Giovanni Loro
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Anna Marrone
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Alessandra Palattella
- Psychiatry, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Giulio Pellegata
- Anesthesiology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Daniele Ruini
- Family Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Corrado Schmitt
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Franco Vianini
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | | | - Carlo Ventura
- Cardiology and Microbiology, National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Bologna, ITA
| | - Franco Caltabiano
- Surgery and Urology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, Florence, ITA
| | - Adriano J Bueno
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Amélia Fugino Matuoka
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Edison Massahiro Nabechima
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Fabio A Bechelli
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Fabricio da Silveira Bossi
- Surgery, Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Greice C Nitschke Fontana
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Jaques Finkielsztejn
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | | | - Juarez Nunes Callegaro
- Psychiatry, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Kleiner Vasconcelos Pinheiro
- Integrative/Complementary Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Lara R Ferreira Alves
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Marcelo Kodja Daguer
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Márcia C Marins Martins
- Pediatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Mauricio Bezerra Uliana
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Nelson Knop Zisman
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Paulo Cezar Schütz
- Orthopaedics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Paulo R Fochesato
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | | | - Rosa M Tanaka Nabechima
- Internal Medicine, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Roseli B Randon
- Pediatrics, International Scientific Society of Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization with REAC Technology, São Paulo, BRA
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, ITA
- Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, ITA
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