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Khanam F, Ahmad M, Hossain ABMA. Investigation of the neural correlation with task performance and its effect on cognitive load level classification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291576. [PMID: 38127869 PMCID: PMC10735190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based cognitive load assessment is now an important assignment in psychological research. This type of research work is conducted by providing some mental task to the participants and their responses are counted through their EEG signal. In general assumption, it is considered that during different tasks, the cognitive workload is increased. This paper has investigated this specific idea and showed that the conventional hypothesis is not correct always. This paper showed that cognitive load can be varied according to the performance of the participants. In this paper, EEG data of 36 participants are taken against their resting and task (mental arithmetic) conditions. The features of the signal were extracted using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and classified using the support vector machine (SVM) model. Based on the classification accuracy, some hypotheses are built upon the impact of subjects' performance on cognitive load. Based on some statistical consideration and graphical justification, it has been shown how the hypotheses are valid. This result will help to construct the machine learning-based model in predicting the cognitive load assessment more appropriately in a subject-independent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Khanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - A. B. M. Aowlad Hossain
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
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Finn EB, Whang C, Hong PH, Costa SA, Callahan EA, Huang TTK. Strategies to improve the implementation of intensive lifestyle interventions for obesity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1202545. [PMID: 37559739 PMCID: PMC10407556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1202545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Benjamin Finn
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine Whang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Houlin Hong
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergio A. Costa
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Terry T. -K. Huang
- Center for Systems and Community Design and NYU-CUNY Prevention Research Center, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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Ghaderi S, Fatehi F, Kalra S, Batouli SAH. MRI biomarkers for memory-related impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37469125 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2236651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral impairments and motor symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers have been investigated as potential tools for detecting and monitoring memory-related impairment in ALS. Our objective was to examine the importance of identifying MRI biomarkers for memory-related impairment in ALS, motor neuron disease (MND), and ALS frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (ALS-FTD) patients. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched. Keywords covering magnetic resonance imaging, ALS, MND, and memory impairments were searched. There were a total of 25 studies included in our work here. Results: The structural MRI (sMRI) studies reported gray matter (GM) atrophy in the regions associated with memory processing, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (PhG), in ALS patients. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies showed white matter (WM) alterations in the corticospinal tract (CST) and other tracts that are related to motor and extra-motor functions, and these alterations were associated with memory and executive function impairments in ALS. The functional MRI (fMRI) studies also demonstrated an altered activation in the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and other brain regions involved in memory and emotional processing in ALS patients. Conclusion: MRI biomarkers show promise in uncovering the neural mechanisms of memory-related impairment in ALS. Nonetheless, addressing challenges such as sample sizes, imaging protocols, and longitudinal studies is crucial for future research. Ultimately, MRI biomarkers have the potential to be a tool for detecting and monitoring memory-related impairments in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Fatehi
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Batouli SAH. Seven Ambiguities in Explaining the Human Memory System in the Principles of Neural Science Book. Basic Clin Neurosci 2023; 14:543-548. [PMID: 38050574 PMCID: PMC10693810 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2023.1774.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory is probably one of the most complex human cognitive functions, and in many years, thousands of studies have helped us better recognize this brain function. Professor Kandel and his colleagues have written one of the reference textbooks in neuroscience, which has also elaborated on the memory function. In this book, I encountered several ambiguities while explaining the memory system. Here, I share those points, either to find an answer to them or to let them be a suggestion for our future works. Professor Kandel has spent most of his meritorious lifetime studying the memory system; however, the brain is extremely complex, and as a result, we still have many years to comprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of brain functions. Highlights The human memory system is not yet well identified.Imaging studies are not able to locate the memory storage sites of the brain.Current theories cannot explain the huge amount of memory storage in the brain.Episodic memories of animals should be different with a human episodic memory? Plain Language Summary The human memory system is very complex, and we still have many questions on that. One of the questions is about the location of episodic memory storage in humans. Is that really happening in the brain? One other question is about studying the episodic memory in animals: do they really have an episodic memory similar to the humans? Prof. Kandel in his very valuable book has explained the memory system; however, many ambiguities are still unsolved. For example, the neuroimaging methods are nearly never able to speak of the site of memory "storage" in the brain, whereas many of their results are used as evidence for identifying the location of memory storage in the brain. Also, the hippocampus is emphasized to be responsible for the storage of episodic memories in animals, whereas a human whore hippocampus is resected is still able to retrieve his memories from before the surgery. As a result, we speculate that, despite all the very precious findings of Prof. Kandel, we still have to work in this field to reveal its mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Peng Y, Wang K, Liu C, Tan L, Zhang M, He J, Dai Y, Wang G, Liu X, Xiao B, Xie F, Long L. Cerebellar functional disruption and compensation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1062149. [PMID: 36816567 PMCID: PMC9932542 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1062149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebellar functional alterations are common in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), which contribute to cognitive decline. This study aimed to deepen our knowledge of cerebellar functional alterations in patients with MTLE. Methods In this study, participants were recruited from an ongoing prospective cohort of 13 patients with left TLE (LTLE), 17 patients with right TLE (RTLE), and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during a Chinese verbal fluency task. Group independent component (IC) analysis (group ICA) was applied to segment the cerebellum into six functionally separated networks. Functional connectivity was compared among cerebellar networks, cerebellar activation maps, and the centrality parameters of cerebellar regions. For cerebellar functional profiles with significant differences, we calculated their correlation with clinical features and neuropsychological scores. Result Compared to HCs and patients with LTLE, patients with RTLE had higher cerebellar functional connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and the oculomotor network and lower cerebellar functional connectivity from the frontoparietal network (FPN) to the dorsal attention network (DAN) (p < 0.05, false discovery rate- (FDR-) corrected). Cerebellar degree centrality (DC) of the right lobule III was significantly higher in patients with LTLE compared to HC and patients with RTLE (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Higher cerebellar functional connectivity between the DMN and the oculomotor network, as well as lower cerebellar degree centrality of the right lobule III, was correlated with worse information test performance. Conclusion Cerebellar functional profiles were altered in MTLE and correlated with long-term memory in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kangrun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaorong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Langzi Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialinzi He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwei Dai
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Fangfang Xie ✉
| | - Lili Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Lili Long ✉
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Rackerby R, Lukosch S, Munro D. Understanding and Measuring the Cognitive Load of Amputees for Rehabilitation and Prosthesis Development. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100216. [PMID: 36123983 PMCID: PMC9482031 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To derive a definition of cognitive load that is applicable for amputation as well as analyze suitable research models for measuring cognitive load during prosthesis use. Defining cognitive load for amputation will improve rehabilitation methods and enable better prosthesis design. Data Sources Elsevier, Springer, PLoS, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed. Study Selection Studies on upper limb myoelectric prostheses and neuroprostheses were prioritized. For understanding measurement, lower limb amputations and studies with individuals without lower limb amputations were included. Data Extraction Queries including “cognitive load,” “neural fatigue,” “brain plasticity,” “neuroprosthetics,” “upper limb prosthetics,” and “amputation” were used with peer-reviewed journals or articles. Articles published within the last 6 years were prioritized. Articles on foundational principles were included regardless of date. A total of 69 articles were found: 12 on amputation, 15 on cognitive load, 8 on phantom limb, 22 on sensory feedback, and 12 on measurement methods. Data Synthesis The emotional, physiological, and neurologic aspects of amputation, prosthesis use, and rehabilitation aspects of cognitive load were analyzed in conjunction with measurement methods, including resolution, invasiveness, and sensitivity to user movement and environmental noise. Conclusions Use of “cognitive load” remains consistent with its original definition. For amputation, 2 additional elements are needed: “emotional fatigue,” defined as an amputee's emotional response, including mental concentration and emotions, and “neural fatigue,” defined as the physiological and neurologic effects of amputation on brain plasticity. Cognitive load is estimated via neuroimaging techniques, including electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Because fNIRS measures cognitive load directly, has good temporal and spatial resolution, and is not as restricted by user movement, fNIRS is recommended for most cognitive load studies.
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Khanam F, Hossain AA, Ahmad M. Electroencephalogram-based cognitive load level classification using wavelet decomposition and support vector machine. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/2326263x.2022.2109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Khanam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - A.B.M. Aowlad Hossain
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh
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Sisakhti M, Shafaghi L, Batouli SAH. The Volumetric Changes of the Pineal Gland with Age: An Atlas-based Structural Analysis. Exp Aging Res 2022; 48:474-504. [DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2022.2033593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Sisakhti
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lida Shafaghi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Computational Cognition, Humanlab Technologies, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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