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Morikawa S, Tanabe K, Kaneko N, Hishimura N, Nakamura A. Comprehensive overview of disease models for Wolfram syndrome: toward effective treatments. Mamm Genome 2024; 35:1-12. [PMID: 38351344 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-10028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (OMIM 222300) is a rare autosomal recessive disease with a devastating array of symptoms, including diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, diabetes insipidus, hearing loss, and neurological dysfunction. The discovery of the causative gene, WFS1, has propelled research on this disease. However, a comprehensive understanding of the function of WFS1 remains unknown, making the development of effective treatment a pressing challenge. To bridge these knowledge gaps, disease models for Wolfram syndrome are indispensable, and understanding the characteristics of each model is critical. This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge regarding WFS1 function and offer a comprehensive overview of established disease models for Wolfram syndrome, covering animal models such as mice, rats, flies, and zebrafish, along with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cellular models. These models replicate key aspects of Wolfram syndrome, contributing to a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis and providing a platform for discovering potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Morikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Haematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Naoya Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nozomi Hishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Hospital, North 14, West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Nrf2 Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Inflammatory Injury via Mediating Wfs1 in Rats with Depression-Like Behaviors. Inflammation 2021; 45:399-413. [PMID: 34495404 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01554-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major threat to global mental health and demands targeted therapeutic regimens. The current study set out to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) in depression-induced cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory injury. First, depressive rat models were established via chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) treatment. Cognitive function of rats was assessed by a series of behavioral tests. Rats were further stereotactically injected with Nrf2 overexpression vector, with expression patterns of Nrf2, miR-17-5p, and wolfram syndrome 1 (Wfs1) detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. In addition, pathological changes of murine hippocampus were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. In vitro cell models were additionally established using lipopolysaccharide. Cell viability was detected via the CCK-8 method. Moreover, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were detected via ELISA. Furthermore, the binding relationships between Nrf2 and the miR-17-5p promoter, miR-17-5p, and Wfs1 were verified. It was found that Nrf2 was weakly expressed in CUMS-treated rats, whereas Nrf2 upregulation alleviated cognitive dysfunction and brain inflammatory injury. Meanwhile, Nrf2 inhibited miR-17-5p expression via binding to the miR-17-5p promoter. miR-17-5p was also found to limit Wfs1 transcription. miR-17-5p overexpression or Wfs1 downregulation partly reversed the role of Nrf2 in reliving inflammatory injury of murine hippocampal neurons. Overall, our findings indicated that Nrf2 inhibited miR-17-5p expression and promoted Wfs1 transcription, thereby alleviating cognitive dysfunction and inflammatory injury in rats with depression-like behaviors.
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Li L, Venkataraman L, Chen S, Fu H. Function of WFS1 and WFS2 in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Wolfram Syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:775-783. [PMID: 32949681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L.P. Li, L. Venkataraman, S. Chen, and H.J. Fu. Function of WFS1 and WFS2 in the Central Nervous System: Implications for Wolfram Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REVXXX-XXX,2020.-Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare monogenetic spectrum disorder characterized by insulin-dependent juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic nerve atrophy, hearing loss, progressive neurodegeneration, and a wide spectrum of psychiatric manifestations. Most WS patients belong to Wolfram Syndrome type 1 (WS1) caused by mutations in the Wolfram Syndrome 1 (WFS1/Wolframin) gene, while a small fraction of patients belongs to Wolfram Syndrome type 2 (WS2) caused by pathogenic variants in the CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain 2 (CISD2/WFS2) gene. Although currently there is no treatment for this life-threatening disease, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of WS have been proposed. Interestingly, Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease, shares some common mechanisms with WS. In this review, we focus on the function of WFS1 and WFS2 in the central nervous system as well as their implications in WS and AD. We also propose three future directions for elucidating the role of WFS1 and WFS2 in WS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lalitha Venkataraman
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hongjun Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronic Brain Injury, Discovery Themes, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Sütt S, Altpere A, Reimets R, Visnapuu T, Loomets M, Raud S, Salum T, Mahlapuu R, Kairane C, Zilmer M, Vasar E. Wfs1-deficient animals have brain-region-specific changes of Na+, K+-ATPase activity and mRNA expression of α1 and β1 subunits. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:530-7. [PMID: 25385034 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the WFS1 gene, which encodes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoprotein, cause Wolfram syndrome, a disease characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, and different psychiatric abnormalities. Loss of neuronal cells and pancreatic β-cells in Wolfram syndrome patients is probably related to the dysfunction of ER stress regulation, which leads to cell apoptosis. The present study shows that Wfs1-deficient mice have brain-region-specific changes in Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and in the expression of the α1 and β1 subunits. We found a significant (1.6-fold) increase of Na-pump activity and β1 subunit mRNA expression in mice lacking the Wfs1 gene in the temporal lobe compared with their wild-type littermates. By contrast, exposure of mice to the elevated plus maze (EPM) model of anxiety decreased Na-pump activity 1.3-fold in the midbrain and dorsal striatum and 2.0-fold in the ventral striatum of homozygous animals compared with the nonexposed group. Na-pump α1 -subunit mRNA was significantly decreased in the dorsal striatum and midbrain of Wfs1-deficient homozygous animals compared with wild-type littermates. In the temporal lobe, an increase in the activity of the Na-pump is probably related to increased anxiety established in Wfs1-deficient mice, whereas the blunted dopamine function in the forebrain of Wfs1-deficient mice may be associated with a decrease of Na-pump activity in the dorsal and ventral striatum and in the midbrain after exposure to the EPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sütt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, Tartu, Estonia
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Jia YF, Song NN, Mao RR, Li JN, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Zhang L, Han HL, Ding YQ, Xu L. Abnormal anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice lacking both central serotonergic neurons and pancreatic islet cells. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:325. [PMID: 25294992 PMCID: PMC4172023 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of central serotonin (5-HT) system has been proposed to be one of the underlying mechanisms for anxiety and depression, and the association of diabetes mellitus and psychiatric disorders has been noticed by the high prevalence of anxiety/depression in patients with diabetes mellitus. This promoted us to examine these behaviors in central 5-HT-deficient mice and those also suffering with diabetes mellitus. Mice lacking either 5-HT or central serotonergic neurons were generated by conditional deletion of Tph2 or Lmx1b respectively. Simultaneous depletion of both central serotonergic neurons and pancreatic islet cells was achieved by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT) in Pet1-Cre;Rosa26-DT receptor (DTR) mice. The central 5-HT-deficient mice showed reduced anxiety-like behaviors as they spent more time in and entered more often into the light box in the light/dark box test compared with controls; similar results were observed in the elevated plus maze test. However, they displayed no differences in the immobility time of the forced swimming and tail suspension tests suggesting normal depression-like behaviors in central 5-HT-deficient mice. As expected, DT-treated Pet1-Cre;Rosa26-DTR mice lacking both central serotonergic neurons and pancreatic islet endocrine cells exhibited several classic diabetic symptoms. Interestingly, they displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors but reduced immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Furthermore, the hippocampal neurogenesis was dramatically enhanced in these mice. These results suggest that the deficiency of central 5-HT may not be sufficient to induce anxiety/depression-like behaviors in mice, and the enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to the altered depression-like behaviors in the 5-HT-deficient mice with diabetes. Our current investigation provides understanding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Disease, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Ning-Ning Song
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Rong-Rong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Disease, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jin-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Disease, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Hui-Li Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Disease, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Disease, and Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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Tekko T, Lilleväli K, Luuk H, Sütt S, Truu L, Örd T, Möls M, Vasar E. Initiation and developmental dynamics of Wfs1 expression in the context of neural differentiation and ER stress in mouse forebrain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 35:80-8. [PMID: 24694561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wolframin (Wfs1) is a membrane glycoprotein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. In pancreas Wfs1 attenuates unfolded protein response (UPR) and protects cells from apoptosis. Loss of Wfs1 function results in Wolfram syndrome (OMIM 222300) characterized by early-onset diabetes mellitus, progressive optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, deafness, and psychiatric disorders. Similarly, Wfs1-/- mice exhibit diabetes and increased basal anxiety. In the adult central nervous system Wfs1 is prominent in central extended amygdala, striatum and hippocampus, brain structures largely involved in behavioral adaptation of the organism. Here, we describe the initiation pattern of Wfs1 expression in mouse forebrain using mRNA in situ hybridization and compare it with Synaptophysin (Syp1), a gene encoding synaptic vesicle protein widely used as neuronal differentiation marker. We show that the expression of Wfs1 starts during late embryonic development in the dorsal striatum and amygdala, then expands broadly at birth, possessing several transitory regions during maturation. Syp1 expression precedes Wfs1 and it is remarkably upregulated during the period of Wfs1 expression initiation and maturation, suggesting relationship between neural activation and Wfs1 expression. Using in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR we show that UPR-related genes (Grp78, Grp94, and Chop) display dynamic expression in the perinatal brain when Wfs1 is initiated and their expression pattern is not altered in the brain lacking functional Wfs1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Tekko
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Hendrik Luuk
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Silva Sütt
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Laura Truu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Competence Centre for Cancer Research, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Tiit Örd
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Möls
- Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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