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Gimenez-Aparisi G, Guijarro-Estelles E, Chornet-Lurbe A, Ballesta-Martinez S, Pardo-Hernandez M, Ye-Lin Y. Early detection of Parkinson's disease: Systematic analysis of the influence of the eyes on quantitative biomarkers in resting state electroencephalography. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20625. [PMID: 37829809 PMCID: PMC10565694 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While resting state electroencephalography (EEG) provides relevant information on pathological changes in Parkinson's disease, most studies focus on the eyes-closed EEG biomarkers. Recent evidence has shown that both eyes-open EEG and reactivity to eyes-opening can also differentiate Parkinson's disease from healthy aging, but no consensus has been reached on a discriminatory capability benchmark. The aim of this study was to determine the resting-state EEG biomarkers suitable for real-time application that can differentiate Parkinson's patients from healthy subjects under both eyes closed and open. For this, we analysed and compared the quantitative EEG analyses of 13 early-stage cognitively normal Parkinson's patients with an age and sex-matched healthy group. We found that Parkinson's disease exhibited abnormal excessive theta activity in eyes-closed, which was reflected by a significantly higher relative theta power, a higher time percentage with a frequency peak in the theta band and a reduced alpha/theta ratio, while Parkinson's patients showed a significantly steeper non-oscillatory spectral slope activity than that of healthy subjects. We also found considerably less alpha and beta reactivity to eyes-opening in Parkinson's disease plus a significant moderate correlation between these EEG-biomarkers and the MDS-UPDRS score, used to assesses the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Both EEG recordings with the eyes open and reactivity to eyes-opening provided additional information to the eyes-closed condition. We thus strongly recommend that both eyes open and closed be used in clinical practice recording protocols to promote EEG as a complementary non-invasive screening method for the early detection of Parkinson's disease, which would allow clinicians to design patient-oriented treatment and improve the patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gimenez-Aparisi
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - E. Guijarro-Estelles
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
| | - A. Chornet-Lurbe
- Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, departamento de salud Xàtiva-Ontinyent, 46800, Xàtiva, València, Spain
| | - S. Ballesta-Martinez
- Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, departamento de salud Xàtiva-Ontinyent, 46800, Xàtiva, València, Spain
| | - M. Pardo-Hernandez
- Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Lluís Alcanyís, departamento de salud Xàtiva-Ontinyent, 46800, Xàtiva, València, Spain
| | - Y. Ye-Lin
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, València, Spain
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Kang J, Park M, Oh CM, Kim T. High-fat diet-induced dopaminergic dysregulation induces REM sleep fragmentation and ADHD-like behaviors. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115412. [PMID: 37607442 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with reduced wakefulness and various behavioral deficits, including anxiety, depression, and anhedonia. The dopaminergic system, which plays a crucial role in sleep and ADHD, is known to be vulnerable to chronic HFD. However, the association between HFD-induced behavioral and molecular changes remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a HFD on the dopaminergic system and its association with behavioral deficits in male mice. The mice were divided into normal diet and HFD groups and were analyzed for sleep patterns, behavior tests, and transcription levels of dopamine-related genes in the brain. The HFD group showed decreased wakefulness, increased REM sleep with fragmented patterns, decreased time spent in the center zone of the open field test, shorter immobile time in the tail suspension test, impaired visuospatial memory, and reduced sucrose preference. Additionally, the HFD group had decreased mRNA levels of D1R, COMT, and DAT in the nucleus accumbens, which negatively correlated with REM sleep proportion and REM sleep bout count. The results suggest that HFD-induced behavioral deficits were resemblance to ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes and disturbs REM sleep by dysregulating the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Myung Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wang H, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhao L, Dong J, Xu X, Wang H, Zhang J, Yao B, Zhao X, Liu S, Zhang K, Peng R. Changes in rat spatial learning and memory as well as serum exosome proteins after simultaneous exposure to 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113983. [PMID: 35985199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects and biological targets sensitive to simultaneous 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave exposure in rats. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: the sham (S group), 1.5 GHz microwave exposure (L group), 4.3 GHz microwave exposure (C group) and simultaneous 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave exposure (LC group) groups. Spatial learning and memory, cortical electrical activity, and hippocampal ultrastructure were assessed by the Morris Water Maze, electroencephalography, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Additionally, serum exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and assessed by Western blotting, nanoparticle tracking and transmission electron microscopy. The serum exosome protein content was assessed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Impaired spatial learning and memory decreased cortical excitability, and damage to the hippocampal ultrastructure were observed in groups exposed to microwaves, especially the L and LC groups. A total of 54, 145 and 296 exosomal proteins were differentially expressed between the S group and the L, C and LC groups, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins were involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle and SNARE interactions during vesicular transport. Additionally, VAMP8, Syn7 and VMAT are potential serum markers of simultaneous microwave exposure. Thus, exposure to 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwaves induced impairments in spatial learning and memory, and simultaneous microwave exposure had the most severe effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China
| | - Yunbo Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shuchen Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Education, Hebei University, No. 180 of Wusi East Road, Baoding, China.
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Raufi B, Longo L. An Evaluation of the EEG Alpha-to-Theta and Theta-to-Alpha Band Ratios as Indexes of Mental Workload. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:861967. [PMID: 35651718 PMCID: PMC9149374 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.861967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many research works indicate that EEG bands, specifically the alpha and theta bands, have been potentially helpful cognitive load indicators. However, minimal research exists to validate this claim. This study aims to assess and analyze the impact of the alpha-to-theta and the theta-to-alpha band ratios on supporting the creation of models capable of discriminating self-reported perceptions of mental workload. A dataset of raw EEG data was utilized in which 48 subjects performed a resting activity and an induced task demanding exercise in the form of a multitasking SIMKAP test. Band ratios were devised from frontal and parietal electrode clusters. Building and model testing was done with high-level independent features from the frequency and temporal domains extracted from the computed ratios over time. Target features for model training were extracted from the subjective ratings collected after resting and task demand activities. Models were built by employing Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines and Decision Trees and were evaluated with performance measures including accuracy, recall, precision and f1-score. The results indicate high classification accuracy of those models trained with the high-level features extracted from the alpha-to-theta ratios and theta-to-alpha ratios. Preliminary results also show that models trained with logistic regression and support vector machines can accurately classify self-reported perceptions of mental workload. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating the richness of the information in the temporal, spectral and statistical domains extracted from the alpha-to-theta and theta-to-alpha EEG band ratios for the discrimination of self-reported perceptions of mental workload.
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Li H, Gao Y, Zou Y, Qiao S, Zhi W, Ma L, Xu X, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang L, Hu X. Associations Between a Polymorphism in the Rat 5-HT1A Receptor Gene Promoter Region (rs198585630) and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Microwave Exposure. Front Public Health 2022; 10:802386. [PMID: 35252088 PMCID: PMC8891156 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.802386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a sensitive target of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Chronic microwave exposure can induce cognitive deficits, and 5-HT system is involved in this effect. Genetic polymorphisms lead to individual differences. In this study, we evaluated whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs198585630 of 5-HT1A receptor is associated with cognitive alterations in rats after microwave exposure with a frequency of 2.856 GHz and an average power density of 30 mW/cm2. Rats were exposed to microwaves for 6 min three times a week for up to 6 weeks. PC12 cells and 293T cells were exposed to microwaves for 5 min up to 3 times at 2 intervals of 5 min. Transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C/T allele was determined in vitro. Electroencephalograms (EEGs), spatial learning and memory, and mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor were evaluated in vivo. We demonstrated that transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing rs198585630 C allele was higher than that of 5-HT1A receptor promoter containing T allele. The transcriptional activity of 5-HT1A receptor promoter was stimulated by 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, and rs198585630 C allele was more sensitive to microwave exposure, as it showed stronger transcriptional activation. Rats carrying rs198585630 C allele exhibited increased mRNA and protein expression of 5-HT1A receptor and were more susceptible to 30 mW/cm2 microwave exposure, showing cognitive deficits and inhibition of brain electrical activity. These findings suggest SNP rs198585630 of the 5-HT1A receptor is an important target for further research exploring the mechanisms of hypersensitivity to microwave exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Simo Qiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jingxi Medical District of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lifeng Wang
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiangjun Hu
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Aponso M, Hearn MTW, Patti AF, Bennett LE. Relaxation Effects of Essential Oils Are Explained by Their Interactions with Human Brain Neurotransmitter Receptors and Electroencephalography Rhythms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:166-176. [PMID: 34918507 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled essential oils (EOs) are bioavailable to the brain and are consistently reported to promote relaxation effects. Their mechanisms of action are however not well understood. The aim of this investigation was to assess the neuroactivity of EOs based on their (i) binding interactions to neurotransmitter receptors and (ii) bioelectrical activities in the brain as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). These EO properties were compared to those of reference pharmaceutical compounds with effects also measured by EEG. Relative receptor binding efficacies of 10 reference compounds, 180 EOs, and 9 EO extracts with 7 different neurotransmitter receptors were calculated using in silico molecular docking procedures. Changes in brain EEG rhythms, as standardized changes in absolute power, were determined for the reference compounds and selected EOs and compared to receptor binding efficacy results. The reference compounds had diverse receptor binding patterns, with EEG responses dominated by EEG-delta wave frequencies. In contrast, the receptor binding pattern of the EOs was remarkably consistent and replicated a subclinical affinity pattern corresponding to the inhibitory glycine-α-GLRA3 and dopamine-D2 receptors, producing responses dominated by EEG-alpha wave frequencies. The results support the hypothesis that EOs stimulate neuroactivity by modulating patterns of neurotransmission affecting alpha wave EEG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoli Aponso
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T. W. Hearn
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Antonio F. Patti
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Louise E. Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Boord MS, Davis DHJ, Psaltis PJ, Coussens SW, Feuerriegel D, Garrido MI, Bourke A, Keage HAD. DelIrium VULnerability in GEriatrics (DIVULGE) study: a protocol for a prospective observational study of electroencephalogram associations with incident postoperative delirium. BMJ Neurol Open 2021; 3:e000199. [PMID: 34964043 PMCID: PMC8653776 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2021-000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delirium is a neurocognitive disorder common in older adults in acute care settings. Those who develop delirium are at an increased risk of dementia, cognitive decline and death. Electroencephalography (EEG) during delirium in older adults is characterised by slowing and reduced functional connectivity, but markers of vulnerability are poorly described. We aim to identify EEG spectral power and event-related potential (ERP) markers of incident delirium in older adults to understand neural mechanisms of delirium vulnerability. Characterising delirium vulnerability will provide substantial theoretical advances and outcomes have the potential to be translated into delirium risk assessment tools. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will record EEG in 90 participants over 65 years of age prior to elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We will record 4-minutes of resting state (eyes open and eyes closed) and a 5-minute frequency auditory oddball paradigm. Outcome measures will include frequency band power, 1/f offset and slope, and ERP amplitude measures. Participants will undergo cognitive and EEG testing before their elective procedures and daily postoperative delirium assessments. Group allocation will be done retrospectively by linking preoperative EEG data according to postoperative delirium status (presence, severity, duration and subtype). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network and the University of South Australia Human Ethics Committee. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618001114235 and ACTRN12618000799257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique S Boord
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Heart and Vascular Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Scott W Coussens
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Bourke
- Aged Care, Rehabilitation and Palliative Care (Medical), Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Magdy S, Gamal M, Samir NF, Rashed L, Emad Aboulhoda B, Mohammed HS, Sharawy N. IκB kinase inhibition remodeled connexins, pannexin-1, and excitatory amino-acid transporters expressions to promote neuroprotection of galantamine and morphine. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7516-7532. [PMID: 33855721 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathway and disruption in glutamate homeostasis join at the level of the glia, resulting in various neurological disorders. In vitro studies have provided evidence that membrane proteins connexions (Cxs) are involved in glutamate release, meanwhile, excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs) are crucial for glutamate reuptake (clearance). Moreover, pannexin-1 (Panx-1) activation is more detrimental to neurons. Their expression patterns during inflammation and the impacts of IκB kinase (IKK) inhibition, morphine, and galantamine on the inflammatory-associated glutamate imbalance remain elusive. To investigate this, rats were injected with saline or lipopolysaccharide. Thereafter, vehicles, morphine, galantamine, and BAY-117082 were administered in different groups of animals. Subsequently, electroencephalography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and histopathological examinations were carried out and various indicators of inflammation and glutamate level were determined. Parallel analysis of Cxs, Panx-1, and EAAts in the brain was performed. Our findings strengthen the concept that unregulated expressions of Cxs, Panx-1, and EAATs contribute to glutamate accumulation and neuronal cell loss. Nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway can significantly contribute to glutamate homeostasis via modulating Cxs, Panx-1, and EAATs expressions. BAY-117082, via inhibition of IkK, promoted the anti-inflammatory effects of morphine as well as galantamine. We concluded that NF-κB is an important component of reshaping the expressions of Cxs, panx-1, and EAATs and the development of glutamate-induced neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Magdy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Gamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy F Samir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham S Mohammed
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Tan S, Wang H, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Dong J, Yao B, Wang H, Hao Y, Zhou H, Gao Y, Peng R. Acute effects of 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves on spatial memory abilities and CREB-related pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12348. [PMID: 34117282 PMCID: PMC8196025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwaves on spatial memory and cAMP response element binding (CREB)-related pathways. A total of 120 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: a control group (C); 2.856 GHz microwave exposure group (S group); 1.5 GHz microwave exposure group (L group); and 2.856 and 1.5 GHz cumulative exposure group (SL group). Decreases in spatial memory abilities, changes in EEG, structural injuries, and the downregulation of phosphorylated-Ak strain transforming (p-AKT), phosphorylated-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (p-CaMKII), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) and p-CREB was observed 6 h after microwave exposure. Significant differences in the expression of p-CaMKII were found between the S and L groups. The power amplitudes of the EEG waves (θ, δ), levels of structural injuries and the expression of p-AKT, p-CaMK II, p-CREB, and p-ERK1/2 were significantly different in the S and L groups compared to the SL group. Interaction effects between the 2.856 and 1.5 GHz microwaves were found in the EEG and p-CREB changes. Our findings indicated that 2.856 GHz and 1.5 GHz microwave exposure induced a decline in spatial memory, which might be related to p-AKT, p-CaMK II, p-CREB and p-ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Tan
- PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Dong
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Hao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Galkin SA, Roshchina OV, Kisel NI, Ivanova SA, Bokhan NA. [Clinical and electrophysiological parameters of alcohol dependence and its comorbidity with affective disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:56-59. [PMID: 33244959 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify characteristics of and possible differences in clinical and electroencephalographic parameters in patients with alcohol dependence with- and without comorbid affective disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-five patients, including 74 with an established diagnosis of alcohol dependence and 21 with alcohol dependence and affective disorders, were examined. Duration of alcohol dependence and affective disorder (years), number of hospitalizations and suicidal attempts were analyzed as anamnestic data. Hamilton's anxiety and depression scale (HDRS), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the General clinical impression scale (CGI-s) were used as psychometric tools. The study of bioelectric activity of the brain was carried out using a 16-channel encephalograph. The background electroencephalogram was recorded, the values of absolute spectral power and coherence of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have a significantly higher risk of suicidal behavior, a greater frequency of hospitalizations, higher levels of anxiety compared with patients without affective disorders. Electrophysiological data have shown that patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and affective disorders have higher values of spectral power of alpha-rhythm in all parts of the cerebral cortex (except for temporal lobes) and beta-rhythm in the occipital cortex, as well as an increase in interhemispheric coherence in all frequency ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Galkin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O V Roshchina
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N I Kisel
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia.,Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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11
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Avila J, Perry G. A Multilevel View of the Development of Alzheimer's Disease. Neuroscience 2020; 457:283-293. [PMID: 33246061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every year the Alzheimer's Association publishes a report that provides facts and figures indicating the public health, social and economic impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, there are a number of reviews on the disease for general readers. Also, at congresses, AD is analyzed at different but not always related levels, leading to an "elephant as seen by blind men situation" for many of the participants. The review presented herein seeks to provide readers with a holistic view of how AD develops from various perspectives: the whole human organism, brain, circuits, neurons, cellular hallmarks, and molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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12
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Lou T, Ma J, Wang Z, Terakoshi Y, Lee CY, Asher G, Cao L, Chen Z, Sakurai K, Liu Q. Hyper-Activation of mPFC Underlies Specific Traumatic Stress-Induced Sleep-Wake EEG Disturbances. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:883. [PMID: 32973436 PMCID: PMC7461881 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbances have been recognized as a core symptom of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). However, the neural basis of PTSD-related sleep disturbances remains unclear. It has been challenging to establish the causality link between a specific brain region and traumatic stress-induced sleep abnormalities. Here, we found that single prolonged stress (SPS) could induce acute changes in sleep/wake duration as well as short- and long-term electroencephalogram (EEG) alterations in the isogenic mouse model. Moreover, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) showed persistent high number of c-fos expressing neurons, of which more than 95% are excitatory neurons, during and immediately after SPS. Chemogenetic inhibition of the prelimbic region of mPFC during SPS could specifically reverse the SPS-induced acute suppression of delta power (1–4 Hz EEG) of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) as well as most of long-term EEG abnormalities. These findings suggest a causality link between hyper-activation of mPFC neurons and traumatic stress-induced specific sleep–wake EEG disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lou
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jing Ma
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,HIT Center for Life Sciences (HCLS), School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuka Terakoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Greg Asher
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Liqin Cao
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Katsuyasu Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qinghua Liu
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (TIMBR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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13
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Yaakub SN, Tangwiriyasakul C, Abela E, Koutroumanidis M, Elwes RDC, Barker GJ, Richardson MP. Heritability of alpha and sensorimotor network changes in temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:667-676. [PMID: 32333640 PMCID: PMC7261746 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalography (EEG) features in the alpha band have been shown to differ between people with epilepsy and healthy controls. Here, in a group of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), we seek to confirm these EEG features, and using simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigate whether brain networks related to the alpha rhythm differ between patients and healthy controls. Additionally, we investigate whether alpha abnormalities are found as an inherited endophenotype in asymptomatic relatives. METHODS We acquired scalp EEG and simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging in 24 unrelated patients with unilateral mTLE, 23 asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with mTLE, and 32 healthy controls. We compared peak alpha power and frequency from electroencephalographic data in patients and relatives to healthy controls. We identified brain networks associated with alpha oscillations and compared these networks in patients and relatives to healthy controls. RESULTS Patients had significantly reduced peak alpha frequency (PAF) across all parietal and occipital electrodes. Asymptomatic relatives also had significantly reduced PAF over 14 of 17 parietal and occipital electrodes. Both patients and asymptomatic relatives showed a combination of increased activation and a failure of deactivation in relation to alpha oscillations compared to healthy controls in the sensorimotor network. INTERPRETATION Genetic factors may contribute to the shift in PAF and alterations in brain networks related to alpha oscillations. These may not entirely be a consequence of anti-epileptic drugs, seizures or hippocampal sclerosis and deserve further investigation as mechanistic contributors to mTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti N Yaakub
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas' PET Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chayanin Tangwiriyasakul
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Eugenio Abela
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michalis Koutroumanidis
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsies, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robert D C Elwes
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark P Richardson
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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14
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Ghosh L, Rakshit P, Konar A. Working memory modeling using inverse fuzzy relational approach. Appl Soft Comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Barcelon EA, Mukaino T, Yokoyama J, Uehara T, Ogata K, Kira JI, Tobimatsu S. Grand Total EEG Score Can Differentiate Parkinson's Disease From Parkinson-Related Disorders. Front Neurol 2019; 10:398. [PMID: 31057481 PMCID: PMC6482237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Semi-quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis is easy to perform and has been used to differentiate dementias, as well as idiopathic and vascular Parkinson's disease. Purpose: To study whether a semi-quantitative EEG analysis can aid in distinguishing idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs), and furthermore, whether it can help to distinguish between APDs. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive retrospective review of charts was performed to include patients with parkinsonian disorders who had at least one EEG recording available. A modified grand total EEG (GTE) score evaluating the posterior background activity, and diffuse and focal slow wave activities was used in further analyses. Results: We analyzed data from 76 patients with a final diagnosis of either IPD, probable corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or progressive supra-nuclear palsy (PSP). IPD patients had the lowest mean GTE score, followed those with CBD or MSA, while PSP patients scored the highest. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. A GTE score of ≤9 distinguished IPD patients from those with APD (p < 0.01) with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 33.3%. Conclusion: The modified GTE score can distinguish patients with IPD from those with CBD, PSP or MSA at a cut-off score of 9 with excellent sensitivity but poor specificity. However, this score is not able to distinguish a particular form of APD from other forms of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Austria Barcelon
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mukaino
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taira Uehara
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ogata
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shozo Tobimatsu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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16
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Langille JJ. Remembering to Forget: A Dual Role for Sleep Oscillations in Memory Consolidation and Forgetting. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:71. [PMID: 30930746 PMCID: PMC6425990 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been known since the time of patient H. M. and Karl Lashley's equipotentiality studies that the hippocampus and cortex serve mnestic functions. Current memory models maintain that these two brain structures accomplish unique, but interactive, memory functions. Specifically, most modeling suggests that memories are rapidly acquired during waking experience by the hippocampus, before being later consolidated into the cortex for long-term storage. Sleep has been shown to be critical for the transfer and consolidation of memories in the cortex. Like memory consolidation, a role for sleep in adaptive forgetting has both historical precedent, as Francis Crick suggested in 1983 that sleep was for "reverse-learning," and recent empirical support. In this article I review the evidence indicating that the same brain activity involved in sleep replay associated memory consolidation is responsible for sleep-dependent forgetting. In reviewing the literature, it became clear that both a cellular mechanism for systems consolidation and an agreed upon general, as well as cellular, mechanism for sleep-dependent forgetting is seldom discussed or is lacking. I advocate here for a candidate cellular systems consolidation mechanism wherein changes in calcium kinetics and the activation of consolidative signaling cascades arise from the triple phase locking of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) slow oscillation, sleep spindle and sharp-wave ripple rhythms. I go on to speculatively consider several sleep stage specific forgetting mechanisms and conclude by discussing a notional function of NREM-rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) cycling. The discussed model argues that the cyclical organization of sleep functions to first lay down and edit and then stabilize and integrate engrams. All things considered, it is increasingly clear that hallmark sleep stage rhythms, including several NREMS oscillations and the REMS hippocampal theta rhythm, serve the dual function of enabling simultaneous memory consolidation and adaptive forgetting. Specifically, the same sleep rhythms that consolidate new memories, in the cortex and hippocampus, simultaneously organize the adaptive forgetting of older memories in these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Langille
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Ballester P, Martínez MJ, Javaloyes A, Inda MDM, Fernández N, Gázquez P, Aguilar V, Pérez A, Hernández L, Richdale AL, Peiró AM. Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Autism Res 2018; 12:66-79. [PMID: 30273974 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders). A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep-wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age-matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66-79. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: SPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch-like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pura Ballester
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Martínez
- Chronobiology Lab, College of Biology, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Javaloyes
- EDUCATEA, Education Center for Children and Adolescents with Autism, Mental Health Problems and Behavioral Disorders, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Del-Mar Inda
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agustín Pérez
- Department of Statistics and Financial Resources, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luís Hernández
- Sleep Unit, Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Amanda L Richdale
- Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana M Peiró
- Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, ISABIAL, Neuropharmacology on Pain (NED) Research Unit, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Health of Alicante-General Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology, Alicante, Spain
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18
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Mohammed HS, Khadrawy YA, El-Sherbini TM, Amer HM. Electrocortical and Biochemical Evaluation of Antidepressant Efficacy of Formulated Nanocurcumin. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:1096-1112. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Vakalopoulos C. Alzheimer's Disease: The Alternative Serotonergic Hypothesis of Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:859-866. [PMID: 28984594 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathognomonic feature of Alzheimer's disease is a loss of declarative memory. This has generally been attributed to early involvement of medial temporal lobe structures with neurofibrillary tangles and loss of neurons in the entorhinal cortex. However, there has been a re-emerging emphasis on the causal role of brainstem monoaminergic nuclei as involvement of the cholinergic basal forebrain loses prominence. The rejection of this latter theory of cognitive decline is related to inconsistencies in time course and modest effects of treatment using cholinergic agents. The amyloid hypothesis of cortical dysfunction is also losing favor as current trials of plaque dissolution are proving again disappointing. Recent pre-clinical studies on APP/PS1 (familial Alzheimer's disease) transgenic mouse models using serotonergic receptor modulating agents, demonstrate clear neuroprotective effects. The involvement of midbrain raphe in the earliest stages of dementia requires a reassessment of relevant pathophysiology beyond behavioral and affective dimensions. Indeed, a theory of serotonergic modulation of explicit memory formation by direct enhancement of synaptic strength could change the view of the role of these nuclei in AD and lead to more effective treatments.
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20
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Laube I, Matthews N, Dean AJ, O'Connell RG, Mattingley JB, Bellgrove MA. Scopolamine Reduces Electrophysiological Indices of Distractor Suppression: Evidence from a Contingent Capture Task. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:99. [PMID: 29270112 PMCID: PMC5723636 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited resources for the in-depth processing of external stimuli make it necessary to select only relevant information from our surroundings and to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Attentional mechanisms facilitate this selection via top-down modulation of stimulus representations in the brain. Previous research has indicated that acetylcholine (ACh) modulates this influence of attention on stimulus processing. However, the role of muscarinic receptors as well as the specific mechanism of cholinergic modulation remains unclear. Here we investigated the influence of ACh on feature-based, top-down control of stimulus processing via muscarinic receptors by using a contingent capture paradigm which specifically tests attentional shifts toward uninformative cue stimuli which display one of the target defining features In a double-blind, placebo controlled study we measured the impact of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine on behavioral and electrophysiological measures of contingent attentional capture. The results demonstrated all the signs of functional contingent capture, i.e., attentional shifts toward cued locations reflected in increased amplitudes of N1 and N2Pc components, under placebo conditions. However, scopolamine did not affect behavioral or electrophysiological measures of contingent capture. Instead, scopolamine reduced the amplitude of the distractor-evoked Pd component which has recently been associated with active suppression of irrelevant distractor information. The findings suggest a general cholinergic modulation of top-down control during distractor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Laube
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia.,ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CRNS-UMR5292Lyon, France
| | - Natasha Matthews
- ImpAct Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CRNS-UMR5292Lyon, France
| | - Angela J Dean
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Institute of NeuroscienceDublin, Ireland
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Abstract
This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. The brain has been recognized as one of the organs that is most vulnerable to microwave radiation. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. To determine the specific dose-effect relationship between microwave radiation and its biological effects, more intensive studies must be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zhi
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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22
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Wang H, Tan S, Xu X, Zhao L, Zhang J, Yao B, Gao Y, Zhou H, Peng R. Long term impairment of cognitive functions and alterations of NMDAR subunits after continuous microwave exposure. Physiol Behav 2017; 181:1-9. [PMID: 28866028 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long term effects of continuous microwave exposure cannot be ignored for the simulation of the real environment and increasing concerns about the negative cognitive effects of microwave exposure. METHODS In this study, 220 male Wistar rats were exposed by a 2.856GHz radiation source with the average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10mW/cm2 for 6min/day, 5days/week and up to 6weeks. The MWM task, the EEG analysis, the hippocampus structure observation and the western blot were applied until the 12months after microwave exposure to detect the spatial learning and memory abilities, the cortical electrical activity, changes of hippocampal structure and the NMDAR subunits expressions. RESULTS Results found that the rats in the 10mW/cm2 group showed the decline of spatial learning and memory abilities and EEG disorders (the decrease of EEG frequencies, and increase of EEG amplitudes and delta wave powers). Moreover, changes of basic structure and ultrastructure of hippocampus also found in the 10 and 5mW/cm2 groups. The decrease of NR 2A, 2B and p-NR2B might contribute to the impairment of cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the continuous microwave exposure could cause the dose-dependent long term impairment of spatial learning and memory, the abnormalities of EEG and the hippocampal structure injuries. The decrease of NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR 2B might contribute to the cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengzhi Tan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Binwei Yao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yabing Gao
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Division of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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23
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Boussadia B, Lakhal L, Payrastre L, Ghosh C, Pascussi JM, Gangarossa G, Marchi N. Pregnane X Receptor Deletion Modifies Recognition Memory and Electroencephalographic Activity. Neuroscience 2017; 370:130-138. [PMID: 28743453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NR) are emerging as key players in the central nervous system (CNS) with reported implications in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. While a number of NR has been studied, it is unknown whether invalidation of the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR, NR1I2) corresponds to neurological modifications in the adult brain. PXR-/- C57BL/6J and wild-type mice were used to investigate: (i) recognition memory, motor coordination, and anxiety-like behaviors; (ii) longitudinal video-electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings and frequency wave analysis; (iii) neurovascular structures by histological evaluation and expression of the cerebrovascular tight junctions ZO1 and CLDN5. Absence of PXR was associated with anxiety-like behavior and recognition memory impairment in adult mice. The latter was simultaneous to an EEG signature of lower theta frequency during sleep and abnormal delta waves. Neurophysiological changes did not correspond to significant structural changes in the adult brain, expect for a localized and minor increase in the fronto-parietal neurovascular density and reduced ZO1, but not CLDN5, expression in isolated brain capillaries. Our results converge with existing evidence supporting a link between NR expression and brain physiology. Although the exact modalities remain to be elucidated, the possibility that extra-physiological modulation of PXR may constitute a pathophysiological entry point or a molecular target for brain diseases is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Boussadia
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Mechanisms of Brain Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM - Univ. Montpellier) Montpellier, France
| | - Laila Lakhal
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Marc Pascussi
- Laboratory Signalization, Plasticity and Cancer, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA), CNRS UMR 8251, F-75205 Paris, France.
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Mechanisms of Brain Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics, (UMR 5203 CNRS - U 1191 INSERM - Univ. Montpellier) Montpellier, France.
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24
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Mohammed HS. Transcranial low-level infrared laser irradiation ameliorates depression induced by reserpine in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1651-1656. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Alterations of cognitive function and 5-HT system in rats after long term microwave exposure. Physiol Behav 2015; 140:236-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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