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Kelley RA, Wu Z. Utilization of the retinal organoid model to evaluate the feasibility of genetic strategies to ameliorate retinal disease(s). Vision Res 2023; 210:108269. [PMID: 37295270 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have quickly become a popular research tool to evaluate novel therapeutics on 3-D recapitulated tissue. This has enabled researchers to use physiologically relevant human tissue in vitro to augment the standard use of immortalized cells and animal models. Organoids can also provide a model when an engineered animal cannot recreate a specific disease phenotype. In particular, the retinal research field has taken advantage of this burgeoning technology to provide insight into inherited retinal disease(s) mechanisms and therapeutic intervention to ameliorate their effects. In this review we will discuss the use of both wild-type and patient-specific retinal organoids to further gene therapy research that could potentially prevent retinal disease(s) progression. Furthermore, we will discuss the pitfalls of current retinal organoid technology and present potential solutions that could overcome these hurdles in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Kelley
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Ct #2400, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA.
| | - Zhijian Wu
- PTC Therapeutics, 100 Corporate Ct #2400, South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
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2
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He M, Rong R, Ji D, Xia X. From Bench to Bed: The Current Genome Editing Therapies for Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879957. [PMID: 35652098 PMCID: PMC9149310 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies featured by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and loss of their axons in the optic nerve. The only currently approved therapies focus on lowering intraocular pressure with medication and surgery. Over the previous few decades, technological advances and research progress regarding pathogenesis has brought glaucomatous gene therapy to the forefront. In this review, we discuss the three current genome editing methods and potential disease mechanisms of glaucoma. We further summarize different genome editing strategies that are being developed to target a number of glaucoma-related genes and pathways from four aspects including strategies to lower intraocular pressure, neuroprotection, RGC and optic nerve neuro-regeneration, and other strategies. In summary, genome therapy is a promising therapy for treating patients with glaucoma and has great potential to be widely applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui He
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Ji
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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3
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Behtaj S, Rybachuk M. Strategies on the application of stem cells based therapies for the treatment of optic neuropathies. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1190-1191. [PMID: 33269770 PMCID: PMC8224130 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Behtaj
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, Australia; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran; Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maksym Rybachuk
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Multipotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells in 3D culture as tools for neurotrophic factor gene delivery system development. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102045. [PMID: 31255791 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral neurotrophic factor (NF) gene therapy is a new paradigm in glaucoma treatment with the potential for neuroprotection and regeneration of damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To improve nanoparticle gene delivery systems and generate a suitable RGC cell model to facilitate in vitro investigations, we have developed mouse multipotent retinal stem cell (MRSC)-derived RGCs (XFC-3 cells) that express key RGC characteristics as demonstrated through biomarker expression profiling and stimuli-inducible neurite extension evaluation. Dicationic gemini surfactant-, single-walled carbon nanotube-, and K2-lipopolyamine polymer-based gene delivery systems were formulated and evaluated in three-dimensional (3D) A7/XFC-3 and XFC-3/XFC-3 co-cultures to validate the model for transfection efficiency (TE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) bioactivity measurements, which helped identify the K2-NPs as having high TE (63.1% ± 1.4%) and high cell viability (94.4% ± 0.4%). Overall, XFC-3 cells are suitable for the construction of 3D in vivo-like tissue models and enable the screening of RGC-aimed gene delivery systems for neuroprotective treatment of glaucoma.
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Jiang MN, Zhou YY, Hua DH, Yang JY, Hu ML, Xing YQ. Vagal Nerve Stimulation Attenuates Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Retina Dysfunction in Acute Ocular Hypertension. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:87. [PMID: 30804746 PMCID: PMC6378858 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate whether cervical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) could prevent retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal dysfunction after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: First, rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 4) and VNS group (n = 12). Activation of the nodose ganglia (NOG), nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), superior salivatory nucleus (SSN), and pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) neural circuit were evaluated by c-fos expression at 0 h after sham VNS and at 0 h (n = 4), 6 h (n = 4), 72 h (n = 4) after VNS. Secondly, rats were randomly assigned to I/R group (pressure-induced retinal ischemia for 1 h and reperfusion for 1 h in the right eye, n = 16) and I/R+VNS group (right cervical VNS for 2 h during the I/R period, n = 16). The left eye of each rat served as a control. Electroretinogram (ERG), RGC numbers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) levels in retina were determined. Additionally, the level of VIP in PPG was evaluated. Results: In the first part of the study, compared with the sham group, the VNS group exhibited significantly increased expression of c-fos in NOG, NTS, SSN, and PPG tissues at 0, 6, and 72 h. In the second part of the study, compared with left eyes, retinal function in right eyes (as assessed by the a-wave, b-wave and the oscillatory potential amplitudes of ERG and RGC data) was significantly decreased by I/R. The decreased retinal function was attenuated by VNS. In addition, I/R induced an increase in inflammation, which was reflected by elevated TNF-α expression in the retina. VNS significantly attenuated the increase in I/R-induced inflammation. Moreover, VIP expression in the retina and PPG, which may contribute to the inhibition of the inflammatory response, was significantly increased after VNS. Conclusion: VNS could protect against retinal I/R injury by downregulating TNF-α. Upregulation of VIP expression due to activation of the NOG-NTS-SSN-PPG neural circuit may underlie to the protective effects of VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Nan Jiang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhou
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di-Hao Hua
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Yi Yang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Xu Y, Yang B, Hu Y, Lu L, Lu X, Wang J, Xu F, Yu S, Huang J, Liang X. Wogonin prevents TLR4-NF-κB-medicated neuro-inflammation and improves retinal ganglion cells survival in retina after optic nerve crush. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72503-72517. [PMID: 27756890 PMCID: PMC5341925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuro-inflammation is involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma. The aim of this study is to determine whether wogonin can suppress inflammatory responses and rescue RGCs death after optic nerve crush (ONC), an ideal animal model of glaucoma. Wogonin was administered intraperitoneally 10 min after establishment of ONC model. In this study, wogonin treatment reduced RGCs loss and inhibited RGCs apoptosis demonstrated by the increased Brn3a labeling RGCs at day 14 and the decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression at day 7 after ONC, respectively. In ONC model, number of GFAP-positive glial cells and iba1-positive microglial cells were increased, combined of the elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines released in retina at day 7. However, most of these responses were inhibited after wogonin treatment. The level of TLR4 expression, NF-κB-P65 nucleus location and NF-κB-P65 phosphorylation were increased in retina at day 1 after ONC, which was significantly reduced after wogonin treatment. These results demonstrated that wogonin protected RGCs survival and suppressed neuro-inflammation in retina after ONC by inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB pathways. We conclude that wogonin could be a possible strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Daliri K, Ljubimov AV, Hekmatimoghaddam S. Glaucoma, Stem Cells, and Gene Therapy: Where Are We Now? Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:119-128. [PMID: 28844129 PMCID: PMC5741193 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness, affecting 70∼80 million people around the world. The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the main cause of blindness related to this disease. Current therapies do not provide enough protection and regeneration of RGCs. A novel opportunity for treatment of glaucoma is application of technologies related to stem cell and gene therapy. In this perspective we will thus focus on emerging approaches to glaucoma treatment including stem cells and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Daliri
- Neurogenetic Ward, Comprehensive Child Developmental Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Visiting Scientist at Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander V Ljubimov
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Toris CB, Gelfman C, Whitlock A, Sponsel WE, Rowe-Rendleman CL. Making Basic Science Studies in Glaucoma More Clinically Relevant: The Need for a Consensus. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:501-518. [PMID: 28777040 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive, and debilitating optic neuropathy that causes retinal damage and visual defects. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of glaucoma remain ill-defined, and there is an indisputable need for contributions from basic science researchers in defining pathways for translational research. However, glaucoma researchers today face significant challenges due to the lack of a map of integrated pathways from bench to bedside and the lack of consensus statements to guide in choosing the right research questions, techniques, and model systems. Here, we present the case for the development of such maps and consensus statements, which are critical for faster development of the most efficacious glaucoma therapy. We underscore that interrogating the preclinical path of both successful and unsuccessful clinical programs is essential to defining future research. One aspect of this is evaluation of available preclinical research tools. To begin this process, we highlight the utility of currently available animal models for glaucoma and emphasize that there is a particular need for models of glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure. In addition, we outline a series of discoveries from cell-based, animal, and translational research that begin to reveal a map of glaucoma from cell biology to physiology to disease pathology. Completion of these maps requires input and consensus from the global glaucoma research community. This article sets the stage by outlining various approaches to such a consensus. Together, these efforts will help accelerate basic science research, leading to discoveries with significant clinical impact for people with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Toris
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | | - William E Sponsel
- 3 WESMD Professional Association , San Antonio, Texas.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas.,5 Department of Vision Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word , San Antonio, Texas
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9
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Peng YQ, Tang LS, Yoshida S, Zhou YD. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in retinal degenerative diseases. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:646-651. [PMID: 28503441 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.04.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a potentially effective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has been developed as a new genome-editing tool in ophthalmic studies. Recent advances in researches showed that CRISPR/Cas9 has been applied in generating animal models as well as gene therapy in vivo of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). It has also been shown as a potential attempt for clinic by combining with other technologies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this review, we highlight the main points of further prospect of using CRISPR/Cas9 in targeting retinal degeneration. We also emphasize the potential applications of this technique in treating retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Luo-Sheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ye-Di Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
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