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Gui M, Lv L, Qin L, Wang C. Vestibular dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a neglected topic. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1398764. [PMID: 38846039 PMCID: PMC11153727 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1398764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dizziness and postural instability are frequently observed symptoms in patient with Parkinson's disease (PD), potentially linked to vestibular dysfunction. Despite their significant impact on quality of life, these symptoms are often overlooked and undertreated in clinical practice. This review aims to summarize symptoms associated with vestibular dysfunction in patients with PD and discusses vestibular-targeted therapies for managing non-specific dizziness and related symptoms. We conducted searches in PubMed and Web of Science using keywords related to vestibular dysfunction, Parkinson's disease, dizziness, and postural instability, alongside the reference lists of relevant articles. The available evidence suggests the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction-related symptoms in patients with PD and supports the idea that vestibular-targeted therapies may be effective in improving PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Gui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixia Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Yasmin N, Collier AD, Karatayev O, Abdulai AR, Yu B, Fam M, Khalizova N, Leibowitz SF. Subpopulations of hypocretin/orexin neurons differ in measures of their cell proliferation, dynorphin co-expression, projections, and response to embryonic ethanol exposure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8448. [PMID: 37231149 PMCID: PMC10213024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies in animals demonstrate that embryonic exposure to ethanol (EtOH) at low-moderate doses stimulates neurogenesis and increases the number of hypothalamic neurons expressing the peptide, hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt). A recent study in zebrafish showed that this effect on the Hcrt neurons in the anterior hypothalamus (AH) is area specific, evident in the anterior (aAH) but not posterior (pAH) part of this region. To understand specific factors that may determine the differential sensitivity to EtOH of these Hcrt subpopulations, we performed additional measures in zebrafish of their cell proliferation, co-expression of the opioid dynorphin (Dyn), and neuronal projections. In association with the increase in Hcrt neurons in the aAH but not pAH, EtOH significantly increased only in the aAH the proliferation of Hcrt neurons and their number lacking Dyn co-expression. The projections of these subpopulations differed markedly in their directionality, with those from the pAH primarily descending to the locus coeruleus and those from the aAH ascending to the subpallium, and they were both stimulated by EtOH, which induced specifically the most anterior subpallium-projecting Hcrt neurons to become ectopically expressed beyond the aAH. These differences between the Hcrt subpopulations suggest they are functionally distinct in their regulation of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Yasmin
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Olga Karatayev
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abdul R Abdulai
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Boyi Yu
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Milisia Fam
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nailya Khalizova
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sarah F Leibowitz
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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El Khiati R, Tighilet B, Besnard S, Chabbert C. Vestibular Disorders and Hormonal Dysregulations: State of the Art and Clinical Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040656. [PMID: 36831323 PMCID: PMC9954452 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between endocrine and vestibular systems remains poorly documented so far, despite numerous observations in humans and animals revealing direct links between the two systems. For example, dizziness or vestibular instabilities often accompany the menstrual cycle and are highly associated with the pre-menopause period, while sex hormones, together with their specific receptors, are expressed at key places of the vestibular sensory network. Similarly, other hormones may be associated with vestibular disorders either as causal/inductive factors or as correlates of the pathology. This review was carried out according to the PRISMA method, covering the last two decades and using the MEDLINE and COCHRANE databases in order to identify studies associating the terms vestibular system and/or vestibular pathologies and hormones. Our literature search identified 646 articles, 67 of which referred directly to vestibular dysfunction associated with hormonal variations. While we noted specific hormonal profiles depending on the pathology considered, very few clinical studies attempted to establish a direct link between the expression of the vestibular syndrome and the level of circulating hormones. This review also proposes different approaches to shed new light on the link between hormones and vestibular disorders, and to improve both the diagnosis and the therapeutic management of dizzy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhizlane El Khiati
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Brahim Tighilet
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Besnard
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Christian Chabbert
- Aix Marseille University—Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Cognitive Neurosciences, UMR7291, Team Pathophysiology and Therapy of Vestibular Disorders, 13331 Marseille, France
- Research Group on Vestibular Pathophysiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unit GDR2074, 13331 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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Effects of Vestibular Damage on the Sleep and Expression Level of Orexin in the Hypothalamus of Rats and Its Correlation with Autophagy and Akt Tumor Signal Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2514555. [PMID: 35794987 PMCID: PMC9251148 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2514555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vestibular disruption on autophagy-related proteins and the tumour-associated pathway P13K/Akt in rat sleep and its hypothalamus tissue and to examine whether catechins trigger tumour autophagy. Healthy adult male rats were randomly selected and divided into the vestibular damage group, the sham operation group, and the control group, with 8 rats in each group. A vestibular damage model was established through penetrating the tympanic membrane of the external auditory canal by injecting sodium p-aminophenylarsonate. The electroencephalogram (EGG) activity was used to record the sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats, and the expression levels of hypothalamic orexin (orexin) mRNA and autophagy proteins were detected. Primary hippocampal neurons were intervened with orexin at different concentrations and at different times to detect cell viability and the expression of autophagy protein and P13K/Akt signal pathway protein. The results showed that compared with the control group and the sham operation group, NREM duration in the vestibular damage group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while its W time increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression level of orexin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the vestibular damage group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05), the expression of autophagy microtubule-related proteins LC3B and Beclin-1 increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the protein expression level of p62 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After orexin intervention, compared with the control group, the expression of Beclin-1 protein that positively correlated with autophagy decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and the expression of mTOR, PDK1, and Akt protein increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the orexin intervention group, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B proteins in cells of the orexin receptor inhibitor (Almorexant) group, the autophagy activator (Rapamycin) group, the orexin + Almorexant group, and the orexin + Rapamycin group increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the expression of mTOR, PDK1, and Akt proteins decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Catechins trigger autophagy in part by regulating the p-Akt/p-mTOR and P13K pathways and by stimulating the MAPK pathway. Catechins initiate apoptosis in common tumour types of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating autophagy-related pathways. The conclusion is that vestibular damage can affect the sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats; the level of autophagy in hypothalamic tissue is upregulated and may affect cell proliferation and activity through mTOR-P13K/Akt, which has a certain reference value for tumor formation and provides a basis for the research of insomnia or sleep disorders caused by tumors. Autophagy activation is a key process by which catechins promote apoptosis in tumour cells, providing an avenue for more research on the use of catechins-rich diets for cardiovascular protection in the treatment of tumours.
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Yeni Y, Cakir Z, Hacimuftuoglu A, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Okkay U, Genc S, Yildirim S, Saglam YS, Calina D, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO. A Selective Histamine H4 Receptor Antagonist, JNJ7777120, Role on Glutamate Transporter Activity in Chronic Depression. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020246. [PMID: 35207733 PMCID: PMC8880293 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate release and reuptake play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. glutamatergic nerves in the hippocampus region are modulated by histaminergic afferents. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the synaptic area causes degeneration of neuron cells. The H4 receptor is defined as the main immune system histamine receptor with a pro-inflammatory role. To understand the role of this receptor, the drug JNJ7777120 was used to reveal the chronic depression-glutamate relationship. We have important findings showing that the H4 antagonist increases the glutamate transporters’ instantaneous activity. In our experiment, it has been shown that blocking the H4 receptor leads to increased neuron cell viability and improvement in behavioral ability due to glutamate. Therefore, JNJ can be used to prevent neurotoxicity, inhibit membrane phospholipase activation and free radical formation, and minimize membrane disruption. In line with our findings, results have been obtained that indicate that JNJ will contribute to the effective prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Ufuk Okkay
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Sidika Genc
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (Y.Y.); (U.O.); (S.G.)
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Yavuz Selim Saglam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (S.Y.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Analytical and Forensic Medical Toxicology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.H.); (A.T.); (D.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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王 理, 张 道, 宋 艳, 张 怀. [Research progress on the mechanism of comorbidities of vestibular migraine and sleep disorders]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2022; 36:149-152. [PMID: 35172556 PMCID: PMC10128307 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Vestibular migraine (VM) is one of the common vestibular diseases characterized by recurrent vertigo and migraine. Studies have shown that the sleep structure of VM patients is similar to that of migraine patients, and they have a common pathophysiological pathogenesis. There is a strong correlation between VM and the clinical symptoms of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can trigger VM. On the contrary, VM can affect sleep regulatory centers and lead to structural sleep disorders. In addition, there is a common relationship between VM and sleep disorders in neuroanatomy, neurotransmitters and neural pathways. A correct understanding of the relationship between vestibular migraine and sleep disorders can provide some help for clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the relationship between vestibular migraine and the pathogenesis of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - 道培 张
- 河南中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科 河南省眩晕病诊疗中心 河南中医药大学眩晕病研究所
| | | | - 怀亮 张
- 河南中医药大学第一附属医院脑病科 河南省眩晕病诊疗中心 河南中医药大学眩晕病研究所
- 张怀亮,
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7
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Mhatre SD, Iyer J, Puukila S, Paul AM, Tahimic CGT, Rubinstein L, Lowe M, Alwood JS, Sowa MB, Bhattacharya S, Globus RK, Ronca AE. Neuro-consequences of the spaceflight environment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:908-935. [PMID: 34767877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As human space exploration advances to establish a permanent presence beyond the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with NASA's Artemis mission, researchers are striving to understand and address the health challenges of living and working in the spaceflight environment. Exposure to ionizing radiation, microgravity, isolation and other spaceflight hazards pose significant risks to astronauts. Determining neurobiological and neurobehavioral responses, understanding physiological responses under Central Nervous System (CNS) control, and identifying putative mechanisms to inform countermeasure development are critically important to ensuring brain and behavioral health of crew on long duration missions. Here we provide a detailed and comprehensive review of the effects of spaceflight and of ground-based spaceflight analogs, including simulated weightlessness, social isolation, and ionizing radiation on humans and animals. Further, we discuss dietary and non-dietary countermeasures including artificial gravity and antioxidants, among others. Significant future work is needed to ensure that neural, sensorimotor, cognitive and other physiological functions are maintained during extended deep space missions to avoid potentially catastrophic health and safety outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhita D Mhatre
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; COSMIAC Research Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Janani Iyer
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Stephanie Puukila
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA; Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amber M Paul
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; KBR, Houston, TX, 77002, USA; Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Linda Rubinstein
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Marianne B Sowa
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Sharmila Bhattacharya
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - April E Ronca
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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Fayat R, Delgado Betancourt V, Goyallon T, Petremann M, Liaudet P, Descossy V, Reveret L, Dugué GP. Inertial Measurement of Head Tilt in Rodents: Principles and Applications to Vestibular Research. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6318. [PMID: 34577524 PMCID: PMC8472891 DOI: 10.3390/s21186318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inertial sensors are increasingly used in rodent research, in particular for estimating head orientation relative to gravity, or head tilt. Despite this growing interest, the accuracy of tilt estimates computed from rodent head inertial data has never been assessed. Using readily available inertial measurement units mounted onto the head of freely moving rats, we benchmarked a set of tilt estimation methods against concurrent 3D optical motion capture. We show that, while low-pass filtered head acceleration signals only provided reliable tilt estimates in static conditions, sensor calibration combined with an appropriate choice of orientation filter and parameters could yield average tilt estimation errors below 1.5∘ during movement. We then illustrate an application of inertial head tilt measurements in a preclinical rat model of unilateral vestibular lesion and propose a set of metrics describing the severity of associated postural and motor symptoms and the time course of recovery. We conclude that headborne inertial sensors are an attractive tool for quantitative rodent behavioral analysis in general and for the study of vestibulo-postural functions in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Fayat
- Neurophysiologie des Circuits Cérébraux, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8197, INSERM U1024, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
- Laboratoire MAP5, UMR CNRS 8145, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Thibault Goyallon
- Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5224, INRIA, 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France; (T.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Mathieu Petremann
- Preclinical Development, Sensorion SA, 34080 Montpellier, France; (V.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Pauline Liaudet
- Preclinical Development, Sensorion SA, 34080 Montpellier, France; (V.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincent Descossy
- Preclinical Development, Sensorion SA, 34080 Montpellier, France; (V.D.B.); (M.P.); (P.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Lionel Reveret
- Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5224, INRIA, 38330 Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France; (T.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Guillaume P. Dugué
- Neurophysiologie des Circuits Cérébraux, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8197, INSERM U1024, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
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Subramanian S, Ravichandran M. Orexin receptors: Targets and applications. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:72-80. [PMID: 34464995 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, elucidating targets from the neural circuits that can be used to treat disorders pertaining to the nervous system and extending their scope to other systems have always proved interesting to researchers. The role of various peptides and neurotransmitters has been elucidated and is being developed as therapeutic targets. Out of these, orexins are neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus that stimulate a specific type of G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCR) called orexin receptors and bring about various physiological and pathological roles. Orexin receptors are of interest not only because of their wide applications such as insomnia, obesity, and inflammatory disorders but also because of their contribution to promising aspects of drug discovery such as optogenetics and their tremendous growth from the stage of being orphans to orexins. This review will discuss in detail the structure of orexin receptors, their physiological role, and various applications in disease states adding a note on agonists and antagonists and finally summarizing the recent drug approvals in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhiksha Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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10
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Stanojlovic M, Pallais JP, Kotz CM. Inhibition of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Ameliorates Elevated Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in the A53T Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E795. [PMID: 33466831 PMCID: PMC7830608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aside from the classical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease also has various non-classical symptoms. Interestingly, orexin neurons, involved in the regulation of exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure, are affected in Parkinson's. In this study, we hypothesized that Parkinson's-disease-associated pathology affects orexin neurons and therefore impairs functions they regulate. To test this, we used a transgenic animal model of Parkinson's, the A53T mouse. We measured body composition, exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. Further, we assessed alpha-synuclein accumulation, inflammation, and astrogliosis. Finally, we hypothesized that chemogenetic inhibition of orexin neurons would ameliorate observed impairments in the A53T mice. We showed that aging in A53T mice was accompanied by reductions in fat mass and increases in exploratory locomotion, spontaneous physical activity, and energy expenditure. We detected the presence of alpha-synuclein accumulations in orexin neurons, increased astrogliosis, and microglial activation. Moreover, loss of inhibitory pre-synaptic terminals and a reduced number of orexin cells were observed in A53T mice. As hypothesized, this chemogenetic intervention mitigated the behavioral disturbances induced by Parkinson's disease pathology. This study implicates the involvement of orexin in early Parkinson's-disease-associated impairment of hypothalamic-regulated physiological functions and highlights the importance of orexin neurons in Parkinson's disease symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Stanojlovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jean Pierre Pallais
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.P.P.); (C.M.K.)
| | - Catherine M. Kotz
- Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 321 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (J.P.P.); (C.M.K.)
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, GRECC, 1 Veterans Dr, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
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Yang M, Ma H, Jia M, Li Y, Miao D, Cui C, Wu L. The role of the nucleus accumbens OXR1 in cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112365. [PMID: 31743729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Re-exposure to drug or drug-associated cues after withdrawal can induce behavioral sensitization expression in animals or increase in the expected effect to drug in humans, which mean an enhanced drug seeking/taking motivation to trigger relapse after abstinence. The Nucleus accumbens (NAc) is known to play a key role in mediating this motivation. Recently, it has been shown that systemic administration of orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) antagonist attenuates animals' motivation behavior to take drug by self-administration paradigm, which is more effectively than orexin receptor 2 (OXR2) antagonist. However, the effect of OXR1 in the NAc on drug-induced locomotor sensitization remains elusive. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of OXR1 in the NAc on chronic cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Rats were given 10 mg/kg cocaine intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) for five consecutive days, followed by 10 mg/kg cocaine re-exposure (challenge) on the 14th day of withdrawal. Results showed that re-exposure to cocaine after withdrawal could induce locomotor sensitization expression in cocaine-sensitized rats. Simultaneously, the number of OXR1 positive neurons and OXR1 membrane protein level in the NAc core but not the shell were significantly increased following the cocaine re-exposure. Further, micro-infusion of SB-334867, an OXR1 selective antagonist, into the NAc core but not the shell before cocaine re-exposure, significantly attenuated the expression of locomotor sensitization in rats. The findings demonstrate that OXR1 in the NAc core partially mediates the expression of chronic cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Degen Miao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cailian Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liuzhen Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Dyhrfjeld-Johnsen J, Attali P. Management of peripheral vertigo with antihistamines: New options on the horizon. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:2255-2263. [PMID: 31269270 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertigo is associated with a wide range of vestibular pathologies. It increasingly affects the elderly, with a high cost to society. Solutions include vestibular suppressants and vestibular rehabilitation, which form the mainstay of therapy. Antihistamines represent the largest class of agents used to combat vestibular vertigo symptoms. Agents targeting the H1 and H3 receptors have been in clinical use for several decades as single agents. Nonetheless, effective management of vertigo proves elusive as many treatments largely address only associated symptoms, and with questionable efficacy. Additionally, the primary and limiting side effect of sedation is counterproductive to normal functioning and the natural recovery process occurring via central compensation. To address these issues, the timing of administration of betahistine, the mainstay H3 antihistamine, can be fine-tuned, while bioavailability is also being improved. Other approaches include antihistamine combination studies, devices, physical therapy and behavioural interventions. Recently demonstrated expression of H4 receptors in the peripheral vestibular system represents a new potential drug target for treating vestibular disorders. A number of novel selective H4 antagonists are active in vestibular models in vivo. The preclinical potential of SENS-111 (Seliforant), an oral first-in-class selective H4 antagonist is the only such molecule to date to be translated into the clinical setting. With an excellent safety profile and notable absence of sedation, encouraging outcomes in an induced vertigo model in healthy volunteers have led to ongoing clinical studies in acute unilateral vestibulopathy, with the hope that H4 antagonists will offer new effective therapeutic options to patients suffering from vertigo.
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13
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Ronca AE, Moyer EL, Talyansky Y, Lowe M, Padmanabhan S, Choi S, Gong C, Cadena SM, Stodieck L, Globus RK. Behavior of mice aboard the International Space Station. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4717. [PMID: 30976012 PMCID: PMC6459880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in space habitation has grown dramatically with planning underway for the first human transit to Mars. Despite a robust history of domestic and international spaceflight research, understanding behavioral adaptation to the space environment for extended durations is scant. Here we report the first detailed behavioral analysis of mice flown in the NASA Rodent Habitat on the International Space Station (ISS). Following 4-day transit from Earth to ISS, video images were acquired on orbit from 16- and 32-week-old female mice. Spaceflown mice engaged in a full range of species-typical behaviors. Physical activity was greater in younger flight mice as compared to identically-housed ground controls, and followed the circadian cycle. Within 7-10 days after launch, younger (but not older), mice began to exhibit distinctive circling or 'race-tracking' behavior that evolved into coordinated group activity. Organized group circling behavior unique to spaceflight may represent stereotyped motor behavior, rewarding effects of physical exercise, or vestibular sensation produced via self-motion. Affording mice the opportunity to grab and run in the RH resembles physical activities that the crew participate in routinely. Our approach yields a useful analog for better understanding human responses to spaceflight, providing the opportunity to assess how physical movement influences responses to microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April E Ronca
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA. .,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Eric L Moyer
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA.,Utrecht University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Regenerative Medicine and Technology Program, Universiteitsweg 98, 3584 CG, UTRECHT, The Netherlands
| | - Yuli Talyansky
- Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA.,Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Moniece Lowe
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, 98154, USA
| | - Shreejit Padmanabhan
- San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA.,Duke Empirical Inc., 2829 Mission St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sungshin Choi
- KBRwyle, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Cynthia Gong
- KBRwyle, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Samuel M Cadena
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80302, USA
| | - Ruth K Globus
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
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14
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Abstract
For decades it has been speculated that Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with dysfunction of the vestibular system, especially given that postural instability is one of the major symptoms of the disorder. Nonetheless, clear evidence of such a connection has been slow to emerge. There are still relatively few studies of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) in PD. However, substantial evidence of vestibulo-spinal reflex deficits, in the form of abnormal vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), now exists. The evidence for abnormalities in the subjective visual vertical is less consistent. However, some studies suggest that the integration of visual and vestibular information may be abnormal in PD. In the last few years, a number of studies have been published which demonstrate that the neuropathology associated with PD, such as Lewy bodies, is present in the central vestibular system. Increasingly, stochastic or noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) is being investigated as a potential treatment for PD, and a number of studies have presented evidence in support of this idea. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate the human and animal evidence relating to the connection between the vestibular system and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences and The Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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The balance of sleep: Role of the vestibular sensory system. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 42:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Aitken P, Zheng Y, Smith PF. Ethovision™ analysis of open field behaviour in rats following bilateral vestibular loss. J Vestib Res 2018; 27:89-101. [PMID: 29064826 DOI: 10.3233/ves-170612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) causes a unique behavioural syndrome in rodents, with symptoms such as locomotor hyperactivity and changes in exploratory behaviour. Many of these symptoms appear to be indirect consequences of the loss of vestibular reflex function and are difficult to explain. Although such symptoms have been reported before, there have been few systematic studies of the effects of BVL using automated digital tracking systems in which many behavioural symptoms can be measured simultaneously with high precision. In this study, data were obtained from rats with BVL induced by intratympanic sodium arsanilate injections (n = 7) or sham injections (n = 8) and their behaviour in the open field was measured at 3 days and 23 days post-injection using Ethovision™ tracking software. BVL rats demonstrated reduced thigmotaxis, with more time spent in the central zones. Twenty-three days post-injection, BVL animals showed increased locomotor activity in the open field. The increase in activity was also reflected in the number of transitions between each zone of the field. In addition to increased activity, BVL animals showed increased whole body rotations following lesions. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest classification (RFC), we were able to show that the indirect behavioural effects of BVL, excluding direct measurement of vestibular reflex function, could correctly predict whether animals had received a BVL with a high degree of accuracy at both day 3 and day 23 post-BVL (83% and 100% for LDA, and 100% and 100% for RFC, respectively). RFC has been similarly successful in classifying other hyperactivity syndromes such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. These results suggest that BVL results in a unique behavioural signature that can identify vestibular loss in rats even without direct vestibular reflex measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Aitken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,The Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul F Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand.,The Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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