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Rouhi S, Rahmani S, Shanesazzadeh F, Ahmadvand T, Namazi M, Fardmanesh M, Kiani S. Stimulation of spinal cord according to recorded theta hippocampal rhythm during rat move on treadmill. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2023:bmt-2022-0420. [PMID: 36872631 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2022-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies have revealed that after spinal cord injury (SCI), in acute and sub-acute phase the spinal cord neurons below the injury are alive and could stimulate by use of electrical pulses. Spinal cord electrical stimulation could generate movement for paralyzed limbs and is a rehabilitation strategy for paralyzed patients. An innovative idea for controlling spinal cord electrical stimulation onset time is presented in current study. METHODS In our method, the time of applying electrical pulse on the spinal cord is according to rat behavioral movement and two movements behaviors are recognized only based on rat EEG theta rhythm on the treadmill line. Briefly, 5 rats were placed on the treadmill and the animals experienced zero or 12 m/min speeds. RESULTS These speeds were recognized based on EEG signals and off-line periodogram analysis. Finally, the electrical stimulation pulses had been applied to the spinal cord if the results of the EEG analysis had detected running behavior. CONCLUSIONS These findings may guide future research in utilizing theta rhythms for the recognition of animal motor behavior and designing electrical stimulation systems based on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Rouhi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Rahmani
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Science (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tala Ahmadvand
- School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Namazi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fardmanesh
- School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Cell Science Research Center, ROYAN Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Zuccaroli I, Lucke-Wold B, Palla A, Eremiev A, Sorrentino Z, Zakare-Fagbamila R, McNulty J, Christie C, Chandra V, Mampre D. Neural Bypasses: Literature Review and Future Directions in Developing Artificial Neural Connections. OBM NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 7:158. [PMID: 36908763 PMCID: PMC9997488 DOI: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2301158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Reported neuro-modulation schemes in the literature are typically classified as closed-loop or open-loop. A novel group of recently developed neuro-modulation devices may be better described as a neural bypass, which attempts to transmit neural data from one location of the nervous system to another. The most common form of neural bypasses in the literature utilize EEG recordings of cortical information paired with functional electrical stimulation for effector muscle output, most commonly for assistive applications and rehabilitation in spinal cord injury or stroke. Other neural bypass locations that have also been described, or may soon be in development, include cortical-spinal bypasses, cortical-cortical bypasses, autonomic bypasses, peripheral-central bypasses, and inter-subject bypasses. The most common recording devices include EEG, ECoG, and microelectrode arrays, while stimulation devices include both invasive and noninvasive electrodes. Several devices are in development to improve the temporal and spatial resolution and biocompatibility for neuronal recording and stimulation. A major barrier to entry includes neuroplasticity and current decoding mechanisms that regularly require retraining. Neural bypasses are a unique class of neuro-modulation. Continued advancement of neural recording and stimulating devices with high spatial and temporal resolution, combined with decoding mechanisms uninhibited by neuroplasticity, can expand the therapeutic capability of neural bypassing. Overall, neural bypasses are a promising modality to improve the treatment of common neurologic disorders, including stroke, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, brain injury and more.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Eremiev
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Jack McNulty
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlton Christie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vyshak Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - David Mampre
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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3
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Shen X, Lou X, Shao W, Li Z, Wu Y, Lu S. Gait regulation of hindlimb based on central pattern generator in rats with a spinal cord injury. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:979-987. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221095341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A spinal stimulator that can regulate hindlimb movements using monopolar stimulation has not been developed yet. Nevertheless, in a previous study, we found a specific central pattern generator site on the right side of the rat spinal cord. By stimulating these sites with certain pulse signals, the alternating movement of the hindlimb can be obtained using fewer electrodes. Therefore, in this research, considering the specific central pattern generator site as the target, functional electrical stimulation was performed on rats with spinal cord injury using monopolar stimulation. Angle sensors were used to track and capture the knee joint angle data of the right hindlimb; thus, the mapping relationship between the voltage amplitude and the knee angle parameters was established. Based on this relationship, the rats’ hindlimb were controlled. Compared with the traditional spinal stimulator, the proposed approach increases the gait feedback, requires fewer electrodes, and simplifies the timing of stimulation. The rats with spinal cord injury were subjected to stimulation training for half an hour every day for 28 consecutive days. The Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score showed that 76% of the health level could be achieved on the 28th day. Finally, somatosensory evoked potential analysis showed that the measurement results were close to the standard value on the 28th day. This study lays a foundation for future rehabilitation research on the hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiongjie Lou
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Song Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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4
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Fathi Y, Erfanian A. Decoding Bilateral Hindlimb Kinematics From Cat Spinal Signals Using Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:801818. [PMID: 35401098 PMCID: PMC8990134 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.801818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, decoding limb kinematic information mostly relies on neural signals recorded from the peripheral nerve, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), ventral roots, spinal cord gray matter, and the sensorimotor cortex. In the current study, we demonstrated that the neural signals recorded from the lateral and dorsal columns within the spinal cord have the potential to decode hindlimb kinematics during locomotion. Experiments were conducted using intact cats. The cats were trained to walk on a moving belt in a hindlimb-only condition, while their forelimbs were kept on the front body of the treadmill. The bilateral hindlimb joint angles were decoded using local field potential signals recorded using a microelectrode array implanted in the dorsal and lateral columns of both the left and right sides of the cat spinal cord. The results show that contralateral hindlimb kinematics can be decoded as accurately as ipsilateral kinematics. Interestingly, hindlimb kinematics of both legs can be accurately decoded from the lateral columns within one side of the spinal cord during hindlimb-only locomotion. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the decoding performances obtained using neural signals recorded from the dorsal and lateral columns. The results of the time-frequency analysis show that event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns in all frequency bands could reveal the dynamics of the neural signals during movement. The onset and offset of the movement can be clearly identified by the ERD/ERS patterns. The results of the mutual information (MI) analysis showed that the theta frequency band contained significantly more limb kinematics information than the other frequency bands. Moreover, the theta power increased with a higher locomotion speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Fathi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran Neural Technology Research Centre, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Erfanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran Neural Technology Research Centre, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abbas Erfanian,
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5
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Nandakumar B, Blumenthal GH, Pauzin FP, Moxon KA. Hindlimb Somatosensory Information Influences Trunk Sensory and Motor Cortices to Support Trunk Stabilization. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5165-5187. [PMID: 34165153 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor integration in the trunk system is poorly understood despite its importance for functional recovery after neurological injury. To address this, a series of mapping studies were performed in the rat. First, the receptive fields (RFs) of cells recorded from thoracic dorsal root ganglia were identified. Second, the RFs of cells recorded from trunk primary sensory cortex (S1) were used to assess the extent and internal organization of trunk S1. Finally, the trunk motor cortex (M1) was mapped using intracortical microstimulation to assess coactivation of trunk muscles with hindlimb and forelimb muscles, and integration with S1. Projections from trunk S1 to trunk M1 were not anatomically organized, with relatively weak sensorimotor integration between trunk S1 and M1 compared to extensive integration between hindlimb S1/M1 and trunk M1. Assessment of response latency and anatomical tracing suggest that trunk M1 is abundantly guided by hindlimb somatosensory information that is derived primarily from the thalamus. Finally, neural recordings from awake animals during unexpected postural perturbations support sensorimotor integration between hindlimb S1 and trunk M1, providing insight into the role of the trunk system in postural control that is useful when studying recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharadwaj Nandakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Gary H Blumenthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | | | - Karen A Moxon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 19104 PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 95616 CA, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, Davis, 95618 CA, USA
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6
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Shah J, Smith RH, Al-Gharaibeh A. A Novel Electromagnetic-Neurobiologic Interface for Functional Animation of Dormant Motor Nerve Roots in Spinal Cord Injury via Neuromodulation. Front Surg 2020; 6:73. [PMID: 31998742 PMCID: PMC6970190 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete spinal cord injury is a devastating occurrence afflicting millions of people worldwide with no available treatment for functional motor recovery. In this report, we describe a procedure in which we used parts of a device available for chronic pain treatment to provide a neuromodulation of motor nerve roots in a case with complete motor and sensory paraplegia. By using a retrograde trans-foraminal approach to implant electrodes close to L2-S1 motor nerve roots bilaterally, we were able to stimulate those nerves and induce precise movements at the joints of lower extremity in a T5 complete spinal cord injury case. We believe that our approach shows potential of the device as a rehabilitation system with the possibility of a parallel electric circuitry that can bridge a damaged spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI, United States.,Department of Research, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI, United States.,Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint - IINN, Flint, MI, United States.,Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard H Smith
- Department of Research, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI, United States
| | - Abeer Al-Gharaibeh
- Department of Research, Insight Institute of Neurosurgery & Neuroscience, Flint, MI, United States.,Center for Cognition and Neuroethics, University of Michigan-Flint - IINN, Flint, MI, United States
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7
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Shanechi MM. Brain–machine interfaces from motor to mood. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:1554-1564. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-019-0488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Barroso FO, Yoder B, Tentler D, Wallner JJ, Kinkhabwala AA, Jantz MK, Flint RD, Tostado PM, Pei E, Satish ADR, Brodnick SK, Suminski AJ, Williams JC, Miller LE, Tresch MC. Decoding neural activity to predict rat locomotion using intracortical and epidural arrays. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:036005. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Doyle C, Cristofaro V, Sullivan MP, Adam RM. Inosine - a Multifunctional Treatment for Complications of Neurologic Injury. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 49:2293-2303. [PMID: 30261493 DOI: 10.1159/000493831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by trauma or disease leads to motor and sensory abnormalities that depend on the level, severity and duration of the lesion. The most obvious consequence of SCI is paralysis affecting lower and upper limbs. SCI also leads to loss of bladder and bowel control, both of which have a deleterious, life-long impact on the social, psychological, functional, medical and economic well being of affected individuals. Currently, there is neither a cure for SCI nor is there adequate management of its consequences. Although medications provide symptomatic relief for the complications of SCI including muscle spasms, lower urinary tract dysfunction and hyperreflexic bowel, strategies for repair of spinal injuries and recovery of normal limb and organ function are still to be realized. In this review, we discuss experimental evidence supporting the use of the naturally occurring purine nucleoside inosine to improve the devastating sequelae of SCI. Evidence suggests inosine is a safe, novel agent with multifunctional properties that is effective in treating complications of SCI and other neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Doyle
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivian Cristofaro
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryrose P Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Urology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Li J, Li X, Xiao Z, Dai J. [Review of the regeneration mechanism of complete spinal cord injury]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:641-649. [PMID: 29905039 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201805069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), especially the complete SCI, usually results in complete paralysis below the level of the injury and seriously affects the patient's quality of life. SCI repair is still a worldwide medical problem. In the last twenty years, Professor DAI Jianwu and his team pioneered complete SCI model by removing spinal tissue with varied lengths in rodents, canine, and non-human primates to verify therapeutic effect of different repair strategies. Moreover, they also started the first clinical study of functional collagen scaffold on patients with acute complete SCI on January 16th, 2015. This review mainly focusses on the possible mechanisms responsible for complete SCI. In common, recovery of some sensory and motor functions post complete SCI include the following three contributing reasons. ① Regeneration of long ascending and descending axons throughout the lesion site to re-connect the original targets; ② New neural circuits formed in the lesion site by newly generated neurons post injury, which effectively re-connect the transected stumps; ③ The combined effect of ① and ②. The numerous studies have confirmed that neural circuits rebuilt across the injury site by newborn neurons might be the main mechanisms for functional recovery of animals from rodents to dogs. In many SCI model, especially the complete spinal cord transection model, many studies have convincingly demonstrated that the quantity and length of regenerated long descending axons, particularly like CST fibers, are too few to across the lesion site that is millimeters in length to realize motor functional recovery. Hence, it is more feasible in guiding neuronal relays formation by bio-scaffolds implantation than directing long motor axons regeneration in improving motor function of animals with complete spinal cord transection. However, some other issues such as promoting more neuronal relays formation, debugging wrong connections, and maintaining adequate neural circuits for functional recovery are urgent problems to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Li
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,P.R.China
| | - Xing Li
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,P.R.China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,P.R.China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,
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