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Lv W, Wu X, Dou Y, Yan Y, Chen L, Fei Z, Fei F. Homer1 Protects against Retinal Ganglion Cell Pyroptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Induced Retinal Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16811. [PMID: 38069134 PMCID: PMC10706256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ischemia, after cerebral ischemia, is an easily overlooked pathophysiological problem in which inflammation is considered to play an important role. Pyroptosis is a kind of cell death pattern accompanied by inflammation. Homer scaffold protein 1 (Homer1) has anti-inflammation properties and protects against ischemic injury. However, little is known about pyroptosis following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced retinal ischemia and the regulatory mechanisms involved by Homer1 for the development of pyroptosis. In the present study, retinal ischemic injury was induced in mice by permanent MCAO in vivo, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were subjected to Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation (OGD) to establish an in vitro model. It was shown that TXNIP/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis was located predominantly in RGCs, which gradually increased after retinal ischemia and peaked at 24 h after retinal ischemia. Interestingly, the RGCs pyroptosis occurred not only in the cell body but also in the axon. Notably, the occurrence of pyroptosis coincided with the change of Homer1 expression in the retina after retinal ischemia and Homer1 also co-localized with RGCs. It was demonstrated that overexpression of Homer1 not only alleviated RGCs pyroptosis and inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory factors but also led to the increase in phosphorylation of AMPK, inhibition of ER stress, and preservation of visual function after retinal ischemia. In conclusion, it was suggested that Homer1 may protect against MCAO-induced retinal ischemia and RGCs pyroptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation after MCAO-induced retinal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yanan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yiwen Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Leiying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China; (W.L.); (X.W.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi’an 710032, China
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Diering GH. Remembering and forgetting in sleep: Selective synaptic plasticity during sleep driven by scaling factors Homer1a and Arc. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 22:100512. [PMID: 36632309 PMCID: PMC9826981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a conserved and essential process that supports learning and memory. Synapses are a major target of sleep function and a locus of sleep need. Evidence in the literature suggests that the need for sleep has a cellular or microcircuit level basis, and that sleep need can accumulate within localized brain regions as a function of waking activity. Activation of sleep promoting kinases and accumulation of synaptic phosphorylation was recently shown to be part of the molecular basis for the localized sleep need. A prominent hypothesis in the field suggests that some benefits of sleep are mediated by a broad but selective weakening, or scaling-down, of synaptic strength during sleep in order to offset increased excitability from synaptic potentiation during wake. The literature also shows that synapses can be strengthened during sleep, raising the question of what molecular mechanisms may allow for selection of synaptic plasticity types during sleep. Here I describe mechanisms of action of the scaling factors Arc and Homer1a in selective plasticity and links with sleep need. Arc and Homer1a are induced in neurons in response to waking neuronal activity and accumulate with time spent awake. I suggest that during sleep, Arc and Homer1a drive broad weakening of synapses through homeostatic scaling-down, but in a manner that is sensitive to the plasticity history of individual synapses, based on patterned phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. Therefore, Arc and Homer1a may offer insights into the intricate links between a cellular basis of sleep need and memory consolidation during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham H. Diering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and the UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, USA,111 Mason Farm Road, 5200 Medical and Biomolecular Research Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7545, USA.
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Redox Regulation of Autophagy in Cancer: Mechanism, Prevention and Therapy. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010098. [PMID: 36676047 PMCID: PMC9863886 DOI: 10.3390/life13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), products of normal cellular metabolism, play an important role in signal transduction. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process in response to various stress conditions, such as nutritional deprivation, organelle damage and accumulation of abnormal proteins. ROS and autophagy both exhibit double-edged sword roles in the occurrence and development of cancer. Studies have shown that oxidative stress, as the converging point of these stimuli, is involved in the mechanical regulation of autophagy process. The regulation of ROS on autophagy can be roughly divided into indirect and direct methods. The indirect regulation of autophagy by ROS includes post-transcriptional and transcriptional modulation. ROS-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy includes the post-translational modifications and protein interactions of AMPK, Beclin 1, PI3K and other molecules, while transcriptional regulation mainly focuses on p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Notably, ROS can directly oxidize key autophagy proteins, such as ATG4 and p62, leading to the inhibition of autophagy pathway. In this review, we will elaborate the molecular mechanisms of redox regulation of autophagy in cancer, and discuss ROS- and autophagy-based therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Correia AS, Silva I, Oliveira JC, Reguengo H, Vale N. Serotonin Type 3 Receptor Is Potentially Involved in Cellular Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101645. [PMID: 36295079 PMCID: PMC9605598 DOI: 10.3390/life12101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a disease with several molecular mechanisms involved, such as problems in the serotonergic pathway. This disease is very complex and prevalent, and thus important to deeply study and aim to overcome high rates of relapse and therapeutic failure. In this study, two cellular lines were used (HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cells) to gain insight about the role of the serotonin type 3 (5-HT3) receptor in cellular stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and/or corticosterone. In research, these compounds are known to mimic the high levels of oxidative stress and dysfunction of the hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal axis by the action of glucocorticoids, usually present in depressed individuals. The receptor 5-HT3 is also known to be involved in depression, previously demonstrated in studies that highlight the role of these receptors as promising targets for antidepressant therapy. Indeed, the drugs used in this work (mirtazapine, scopolamine, and lamotrigine) interact with this serotonergic receptor. Thus, by using cell morphology, cell viability (neutral red and MTT), and HPLC assays, this work aimed to understand the role of these drugs in the stress induced by H2O2/corticosterone to HT-22 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. We concluded that the antagonism of the 5-HT3 receptor by these drugs may be important in the attenuation of H2O2-induced oxidative stress to the cells, but not in the corticosterone-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silva
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Oliveira
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Reguengo
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Pathology, Hospital Center of the University of Porto (CHUP), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-313 Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Fei X, Dou YN, Wang L, Wu X, Huan Y, Wu S, He X, Lv W, Wei J, Fei Z. Homer1 promotes the conversion of A1 astrocytes to A2 astrocytes and improves the recovery of transgenic mice after intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 35287697 PMCID: PMC8922810 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation induced by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the main causes of the high mortality and poor prognosis of patients with ICH. A1 astrocytes are closely associated with neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, whereas A2 astrocytes are neuroprotective. Homer scaffolding protein 1 (Homer1) plays a protective role in ischemic encephalopathy and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of Homer1 in ICH-induced inflammation and the effect of Homer1 on the phenotypic conversion of astrocytes remain unknown. Methods Femoral artery autologous blood from C57BL/6 mice was used to create an ICH model. We use the A1 phenotype marker C3 and A2 phenotype marker S100A10 to detect astrocyte conversion after ICH. Homer1 overexpression/knock-down mice were constructed by adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection to explore the role of Homer1 and its mechanism of action after ICH. Finally, Homer1 protein and selumetinib were injected into in situ hemorrhage sites in the brains of Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/− mice to study the efficacy of Homer1 in the treatment of ICH by using a mouse cytokine array to explore the potential mechanism. Results The expression of Homer1 peaked on the third day after ICH and colocalized with astrocytes. Homer1 promotes A1 phenotypic conversion in astrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of Homer1 inhibits the activation of MAPK signaling, whereas Homer1 knock-down increases the expression of pathway-related proteins. The Homer1 protein and selumetinib, a non-ATP competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor, improved the outcome in ICH in Homer1flox/flox/Nestin-Cre+/− mice. The efficacy of Homer1 in the treatment of ICH is associated with reduced expression of the inflammatory factor TNFSF10 and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory factors activin A, persephin, and TWEAK. Conclusions Homer1 plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation after ICH by suppressing the A1 phenotype conversion in astrocytes. In situ injection of Homer1 protein may be a novel and effective method for the treatment of inflammation after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Nan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weihao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, No. 127, Changle West Road, Xincheng District, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Cao S, Xiao H, Li X, Zhu J, Gao J, Wang L, Hu C. AMPK-PINK1/Parkin Mediated Mitophagy Is Necessary for Alleviating Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage and Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Dysfunction in IPEC-J2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122010. [PMID: 34943113 PMCID: PMC8698696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of redox biology and oxidative stress leads to intestinal barrier injury and mitophagy. However, much uncertainty still exists about the role of mitophagy in oxidative stress and intestinal function. Here, we showed the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress on intestinal epithelial cell oxidation balance, intestinal barrier function and mitochondrial energy metabolism and its underlying mechanism. In this study, we found that H2O2-induced oxidative stress activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and enhanced mitophagy in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). While compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and mdivi-1 (mitophagy inhibitor) significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2O2 treated cells. Moreover, compound C and mdivi-1 significantly reduced the trans-epithelium electrical resistant (TER) and increased the fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4) flux in H2O2 treated IPEC-J2. Furthermore, compound C and mdivi-1 significantly reduced the activity of mitochondrial complex II. Seahorse XF96 data showed that compound C + mdivi-1+ H2O2 treatment significantly reduced maximum respiratory oxygen consumption and spare respiratory capacity. Additionally, compound C or mdivi-1 treatment reduced the formation of mitochondrial autophagosomes. These results unveiled that AMPK and PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy is necessary for alleviating oxidative stress induced intestinal epithelial barrier damage and mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction in IPEC-J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (S.C.); (H.X.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Caihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (C.H.)
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Wu XQ, Su N, Fei Z, Fei F. Homer signaling pathways as effective therapeutic targets for ischemic and traumatic brain injuries and retinal lesions. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1454-1461. [PMID: 34916418 PMCID: PMC8771115 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.330588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic and traumatic insults to the central nervous system account for most serious acute and fatal brain injuries and are usually characterized by primary and secondary damage. Secondary damage presents the greatest challenge for medical staff; however, there are currently few effective therapeutic targets for secondary damage. Homer proteins are postsynaptic scaffolding proteins that have been implicated in ischemic and traumatic insults to the central nervous system. Homer signaling can exert either positive or negative effects during such insults, depending on the specific subtype of Homer protein. Homer 1b/c couples with other proteins to form postsynaptic densities, which form the basis of synaptic transmission, while Homer1a expression can be induced by harmful external factors. Homer 1c is used as a unique biomarker to reveal alterations in synaptic connectivity before and during the early stages of apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells, mediated or affected by extracellular or intracellular signaling or cytoskeletal processes. This review summarizes the structural features, related signaling pathways, and diverse roles of Homer proteins in physiological and pathological processes. Upregulating Homer1a or downregulating Homer1b/c may play a neuroprotective role in secondary brain injuries. Homer also plays an important role in the formation of photoreceptor synapses. These findings confirm the neuroprotective effects of Homer, and support the future design of therapeutic drug targets or gene therapies for ischemic and traumatic brain injuries and retinal disorders based on Homer proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Quan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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STING-Mediated Autophagy Is Protective against H 2O 2-Induced Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197059. [PMID: 32992769 PMCID: PMC7582849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated type-I interferon signaling is a well characterized instigator of the innate immune response following bacterial or viral infections in the periphery. Emerging evidence has recently linked STING to various neuropathological conditions, however, both protective and deleterious effects of the pathway have been reported. Elevated oxidative stress, such as neuroinflammation, is a feature of a number of neuropathologies, therefore, this study investigated the role of the STING pathway in cell death induced by elevated oxidative stress. Here, we report that the H2O2-induced activation of the STING pathway is protective against cell death in wildtype (WT) MEFSV40 cells as compared to STING−/− MEF SV40 cells. This protective effect of STING can be attributed, in part, to an increase in autophagy flux with an increased LC3II/I ratio identified in H2O2-treated WT cells as compared to STING−/− cells. STING−/− cells also exhibited impaired autophagic flux as indicated by p62, LC3-II and LAMP2 accumulation following H2O2 treatment, suggestive of an impairment at the autophagosome-lysosomal fusion step. This indicates a previously unrecognized role for STING in maintaining efficient autophagy flux and protecting against H2O2-induced cell death. This finding supports a multifaceted role for the STING pathway in the underlying cellular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.
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Alsemeh AE, Samak MA, El-Fatah SSA. Therapeutic prospects of hydroxytyrosol on experimentally induced diabetic testicular damage: potential interplay with AMPK expression. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 380:173-189. [PMID: 31838605 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Male reproductive dysfunction represents one of the overlooked consequences of diabetes that still deserve more scientific attention. We designed this study to explore the therapeutic potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on diabetic testicular damage and to investigate its relationship with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. In this context, 30 adult male Wistar rats were utilized and subdivided into control, diabetic and HT-treated diabetic groups. Testicular sections were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA, androgen receptors and caspase-3. We also assessed oxidative enzymatic and lipid peroxidation biochemical profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility. Real-time PCR of AMPK expression in tissue homogenate was performed. We observed that HT restored testicular histopathological structure and significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage and the apoptotic index. The HT-treated group also exhibited significantly higher Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA and androgen receptor immune expression than the diabetic group. A rescue of the oxidative enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility to control levels was also evident in the HT-treated group. Significant upregulation of AMPK mRNA expression in the HT-treated group clarified the role of AMPK as an underlying molecular interface of the ameliorative effects of HT. We concluded that HT exhibited tangible antioxidant and antiapoptotic impacts on the testicular cytomorphological and immunohistochemical effects of experimentally induced diabetes. Furthermore, AMPK has an impactful role in the molecular machinery of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, alzhor, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mai A Samak
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samaa Salah Abd El-Fatah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, alzhor, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Attenuated Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Damage in Neural Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5962014. [PMID: 31355271 PMCID: PMC6637717 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5962014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species plays a central role in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades attenuates the oxidative induced cell stress and behaves as potential neuroprotection agent. Materials and Methods In this study, we evaluate hydrogen peroxide induced neural cell stress and determine how different MAPK inhibitors restore the cell damage. Results The results indicated that oxidative stress induced by neural cell damage commonly exists, and MAPK inhibitors partially and selectively attenuated the cell damage by reducing ROS production and cell apoptosis. The cultured neurons are more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide than subculture cells. Conclusion We conclude that the essential role of different MAPK inhibitors is to attenuate the hydrogen peroxide induced neuronal cell damage. Those data broaden the implication between individual neural cells and different MAPK inhibitors and give clues for oxidative stress induced neural diseases.
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Tang J, Sun F, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Li KY, Tang Y, Chen GJ. Ubiquitination status does not affect Vps34 degradation. Genes Dis 2019; 7:401-407. [PMID: 32884994 PMCID: PMC7452542 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vps34 (vacuolar protein-sorting 34) plays important role in autophagy and endosomal trafficking. These processes are closely associated protein ubiquitination and degradation. We have hypothesized that Vps34 ubiquitination status would also control its degradation. Here, we report that our results did not support this assumption. In cells transiently transfected with ubiquitin (UB) constructs contained different lysine residues (Ks), Vps34 ubiquitination could occur regardless of the presence of any Ks in UB. However, Vps34 protein levels were not significantly altered in cells transiently transfected with these UB mutants. We further found that Vps34 protein was altered by pharmacological manipulation of E2/E3 activity; yet this effect was not significantly affected by UB overexpression. In vivo experiments revealed that in APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although ubiquitination of Vps34 was significantly reduced, Vps34 protein levels remained unchanged. Vps34 indeed was subjected to proteasomal or lysosomal degradation, as prolonged treatment of proteasomal inhibitor MG132 or lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine elevated Vps34 protein levels. We conclude that unlike most of other proteins, Vps34 ubiquitination is not closely associated with its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
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12
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Wei J, Wu X, Luo P, Yue K, Yu Y, Pu J, Zhang L, Dai S, Han D, Fei Z. Homer1a Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Stress After Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting the PERK Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:101. [PMID: 30930751 PMCID: PMC6428733 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homer1a is the short form of a scaffold protein that plays a protective role in many forms of stress. However, the role of Homer1a in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its potential mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we found that Homer1a was upregulated by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and that overexpression of Homer1a alleviated OGD-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and cell death in cultured cortical neurons. After OGD treatment, the overexpression of Homer1a preserved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by less cytochrome c release, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, less ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, less caspase-9 activation, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress confirmed by the decreased expression of phosphate-PKR-like ER Kinase (p-PERK)/PERK and phosphate- inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (p-IRE1)/IRE1 and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. In addition, mitochondrial protection of Homer1a was blocked by the ER stress activator Tunicamycin (TM) with a re-escalated ROS level, increasing ATP and MMP loss. Furthermore, Homer1a overexpression-induced mitochondrial stress attenuation was significantly reversed by activating the PERK pathway with TM and p-IRE1 inhibitor 3,5-dibromosalicylaldehyde (DBSA), as evidenced by increased cytochrome c release, increased ATP loss and a higher ROS level. However, activating the IRE1 pathway with TM and p-PERK inhibitor GSK2656157 showed little change in cytochrome c release and exhibited a moderate upgrade of ATP loss and ROS production in neurons. In summary, these findings demonstrated that Homer1a protects against OGD-induced injury by preserving mitochondrial function through inhibiting the PERK pathway. Our finding may reveal a promising target of protecting neurons from cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Health Services, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangyi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingnan Pu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Gao J, Liu S, Xu F, Liu Y, Lv C, Deng Y, Shi J, Gong Q. Trilobatin Protects Against Oxidative Injury in Neuronal PC12 Cells Through Regulating Mitochondrial ROS Homeostasis Mediated by AMPK/Nrf2/Sirt3 Signaling Pathway. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:267. [PMID: 30104959 PMCID: PMC6077207 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell damage is a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of mitochondria-associated neurological diseases. Therefore, elimination of overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) may be a potential strategy for prevention and treatment of neurological diseases. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of trilobatin (TLB), a novel small molecule monomer derived from Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd, and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in a neuron-like PC12 cell. The findings revealed that pre-treatment with TLB dramatically concentration-dependently suppressed H2O2-induced PC12 cells damage by enhancing cell viability, repressed reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and decreased mtROS overgeneration, thereby deferring cell apoptosis. Further study demonstrated that TLB not only increased the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2),superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and deacetylation of SOD2, but also activated silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (Sirt3) within the mitochondria and thereby upregulating forkheadboxO3a (FoxO3a), which regulated mitochondrial DNA genes, then led to improving complex I activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. What’s more, TLB up-regulated p-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) level, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and ERRα. Intriguingly, TLB failed to mitigate H2O2-induced PC12 injury in the presence of the AMPK inhibitor (Compound C), indicating that the beneficial effects of TLB on the regulation of mtROS homeostasis were reliance on AMPK -Sirt3 signaling pathway. Moreover, TLB also facilitated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promoted antioxidant gene expression in turn, and knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA dramatically reduced the neuroprotective effects of TLB. Notably, AMPK inhibitor abolished the activation of Nrf2 and Sirt3, whereas, knockdown of Nrf2 blocked the upregulation of Sirt3, but it did not affect p-AMPK level. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that TLB protects against oxidative injury in neuronal PC12 cells through regulating mtROS homeostasis in the first time, which is, at least partly, mediated through the AMPK/Nrf2/Sirt3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuangui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chun Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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