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Jiang H, Zhao S, Wu Q, Cao Y, Zhou W, Gong Y, Shao C, Chi A. Dragon boat exercise reshapes the temporal-spatial dynamics of the brain. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17623. [PMID: 38952974 PMCID: PMC11216202 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Although exercise training has been shown to enhance neurological function, there is a shortage of research on how exercise training affects the temporal-spatial synchronization properties of functional networks, which are crucial to the neurological system. This study recruited 23 professional and 24 amateur dragon boat racers to perform simulated paddling on ergometers while recording EEG. The spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain were analyzed using microstates and omega complexity. Temporal dynamics results showed that microstate D, which is associated with attentional networks, appeared significantly altered, with significantly higher duration, occurrence, and coverage in the professional group than in the amateur group. The transition probabilities of microstate D exhibited a similar pattern. The spatial dynamics results showed the professional group had lower brain complexity than the amateur group, with a significant decrease in omega complexity in the α (8-12 Hz) and β (13-30 Hz) bands. Dragon boat training may strengthen the attentive network and reduce the complexity of the brain. This study provides evidence that dragon boat exercise improves the efficiency of the cerebral functional networks on a spatiotemporal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanguang Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
| | - Youwu Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhuan Shao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, China
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2
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EskandariNasab M, Raeisi Z, Lashaki RA, Najafi H. A GRU-CNN model for auditory attention detection using microstate and recurrence quantification analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8861. [PMID: 38632246 PMCID: PMC11024110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention as a cognition ability plays a crucial role in perception which helps humans to concentrate on specific objects of the environment while discarding others. In this paper, auditory attention detection (AAD) is investigated using different dynamic features extracted from multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) signals when listeners attend to a target speaker in the presence of a competing talker. To this aim, microstate and recurrence quantification analysis are utilized to extract different types of features that reflect changes in the brain state during cognitive tasks. Then, an optimized feature set is determined by employing the processes of significant feature selection based on classification performance. The classifier model is developed by hybrid sequential learning that employs Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) into a unified framework for accurate attention detection. The proposed AAD method shows that the selected feature set achieves the most discriminative features for the classification process. Also, it yields the best performance as compared with state-of-the-art AAD approaches from the literature in terms of various measures. The current study is the first to validate the use of microstate and recurrence quantification parameters to differentiate auditory attention using reinforcement learning without access to stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Raeisi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Fairleigh Dickinson, Vancouver Campus, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Reza Ahmadi Lashaki
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Najafi
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Koenig T, Diezig S, Kalburgi SN, Antonova E, Artoni F, Brechet L, Britz J, Croce P, Custo A, Damborská A, Deolindo C, Heinrichs M, Kleinert T, Liang Z, Murphy MM, Nash K, Nehaniv C, Schiller B, Smailovic U, Tarailis P, Tomescu M, Toplutaş E, Vellante F, Zanesco A, Zappasodi F, Zou Q, Michel CM. EEG-Meta-Microstates: Towards a More Objective Use of Resting-State EEG Microstate Findings Across Studies. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:218-231. [PMID: 37515678 PMCID: PMC10884358 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, EEG resting-state microstate analysis has evolved from a niche existence to a widely used and well-accepted methodology. The rapidly increasing body of empirical findings started to yield overarching patterns of associations of biological and psychological states and traits with specific microstate classes. However, currently, this cross-referencing among apparently similar microstate classes of different studies is typically done by "eyeballing" of printed template maps by the individual authors, lacking a systematic procedure. To improve the reliability and validity of future findings, we present a tool to systematically collect the actual data of template maps from as many published studies as possible and present them in their entirety as a matrix of spatial similarity. The tool also allows importing novel template maps and systematically extracting the findings associated with specific microstate maps from ongoing or published studies. The tool also allows importing novel template maps and systematically extracting the findings associated with specific microstate maps in the literature. The analysis of 40 included sets of template maps indicated that: (i) there is a high degree of similarity of template maps across studies, (ii) similar template maps were associated with converging empirical findings, and (iii) representative meta-microstates can be extracted from the individual studies. We hope that this tool will be useful in coming to a more comprehensive, objective, and overarching representation of microstate findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Sarah Diezig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Elena Antonova
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences & Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Fiorenzo Artoni
- Human Neuron Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Brechet
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Britz
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pierpaolo Croce
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "Gabriele d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Anna Custo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alena Damborská
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Camila Deolindo
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tobias Kleinert
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 67, Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael M Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kyle Nash
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Chrystopher Nehaniv
- Departments of Systems Design Engineering and Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bastian Schiller
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany
| | - Una Smailovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Povilas Tarailis
- Life Sciences Centre, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Miralena Tomescu
- CINETic Center, National University of Theatre and Film "I.L. Caragiale" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Department of Psychology, University "Stefan cel Mare" of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eren Toplutaş
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Eyupsultan Public Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Program of Neuroscience Ph.D, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "Gabriele d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Anthony Zanesco
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Filippo Zappasodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "Gabriele d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Christoph M Michel
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Campus Biotech, 9 Chemin des Mines, Geneva, 1202, Switzerland
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Wu Q, Jiang H, Shao C, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Cao Y, Song J, Shi B, Chi A, Wang C. Characteristics of changes in the functional status of the brain before and after 1,000 m all-out paddling for different levels of dragon boat athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109949. [PMID: 37287781 PMCID: PMC10243504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purposes Dragon boat is a traditional sport in China, but the brain function characteristics of dragon boat athletes are still unclear. Our purpose is to explore the changing characteristics of brain function of dragon boat athletes at different levels before and after exercise by monitoring the changes of EEG power spectrum and microstate of athletes before and after rowing. Methods Twenty-four expert dragon boat athletes and 25 novice dragon boat athletes were selected as test subjects to perform the 1,000 m all-out paddling exercise on a dragon boat dynamometer. Their resting EEG data was collected pre- and post-exercise, and the EEG data was pre-processed and then analyzed using power spectrum and microstate based on Matlab software. Results Post-Exercise, the Heart Rate peak (HR peak), Percentage of Heart Rate max (HR max), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), and Exercise duration of the novice group were significantly higher than expert group (p < 0.01). Pre-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, α1, α2, and β1 bands were significantly higher in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the power spectral density values in the δ, θ, and α1 bands were significantly lower in the expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the power spectral density values of α2, β1, and β2 bands were significantly higher (p < 0.05). The results of microstate analysis showed that the duration and contribution of microstate class D were significantly higher in the pre-exercise expert group compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the transition probabilities of A → D, C → D, and D → A were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Post-exercise, the duration, and contribution of microstate class C in the expert group decreased significantly compared to the novice group (p < 0.05), the occurrence of microstate classes A and D were significantly higher (p < 0.05), the transition probability of A → B was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and the transition probabilities of C → D and D → C were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion The functional brain state of dragon boat athletes was characterized by expert athletes with closer synaptic connections of brain neurons and higher activation of the dorsal attention network in the resting state pre-exercise. There still had higher activation of cortical neurons after paddling exercise. Expert athletes can better adapt to acute full-speed oar training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Hongke Jiang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changzhuan Shao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Yingying Cao
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Jing Song
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Bing Shi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Sports, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’ an, China
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Santos LER, Dames KK, DE Oliveira ESD, Fernandes MSS, Filgueira TO, Mesquita BMS, DE Souza CFCXM, Lattari E, Santos TM. Entropy of Heart Rate on Self-Selected Interval Exercises in Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2023; 16:525-537. [PMID: 37622158 PMCID: PMC10446959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-linear analyzes such as Approximated Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) could show the adaptability of the autonomic nervous system in relation to the dynamic changes caused by exercise. The aims of the study were: a) Investigate the effects of different Self-Selected based Interval Exercises (SSIE) configurations on Heart Rate (HR) entropy; b) Determine whether the stimuli time promote different entropy responses; c) Observe whether exercises with passive self-selected recovery time (SSRT) promote different HR entropy responses compared to those with imposed time and active recovery; and d) Determine whether post-training entropy responses quickly return to baseline. Fifteen older women were randomized to perform six sessions of SSIE and one session of Self-Selected Continuous Exercise (SSCE), with approximately 24 min duration each. The results showed increases on ApEn during the exercises compared to the moments of rest Pre (p < 0.001), Post 6 min (p = 0.003) and Post 12 min (p < 0.001). Results demonstrated that interval exercises (IE) with SSRT, present lower values of ApEn and SampEn regarding the continuous activity (p < 0.05). It was also observed that the entropy values after training returned quickly to levels close to those of pre-exercise rest with a tendency to decrease more pronounced for the continuous. The SSIE were able to promote greater complexity in the HR entropy of older women, allowing greater stabilization of the cardiovascular system, including after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas E R Santos
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
- Grad Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
| | - Karla K Dames
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
- Nursing Course, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BRAZIL
| | | | - Matheus S S Fernandes
- Grad Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
| | - Tayrine O Filgueira
- Grad Program in Biology applied to health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
| | - Bruna M S Mesquita
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
| | | | - Eduardo Lattari
- Grad Program in Physical Activity Science, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, RJ, BRAZIL
| | - Tony M Santos
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
- Grad Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BRAZIL
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Domingos C, Marôco JL, Miranda M, Silva C, Melo X, Borrego C. Repeatability of Brain Activity as Measured by a 32-Channel EEG System during Resistance Exercise in Healthy Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1992. [PMID: 36767358 PMCID: PMC9914944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) is attracting increasing attention in the sports and exercise fields, as it provides insights into brain behavior during specific tasks. However, it remains unclear if the promising wireless EEG caps provide reliable results despite the artifacts associated with head movement. The present study aims to evaluate the repeatability of brain activity as measured by a wireless 32-channel EEG system (EMOTIV flex cap) during resistance exercises in 18 apparently healthy but physically inactive young adults (10 men and 8 women). Moderate-intensity leg press exercises are performed with two evaluations with 48 h. between. This intensity allows enough time for data analysis while reducing unnecessary but involuntary head movements. Repeated measurements of EEG during the resistance exercise show high repeatability in all frequency bands, with excellent ICCs (>0.90) and bias close to zero, regardless of sex. These results suggest that a 32-channel wireless EEG system can be used to collect data on controlled resistance exercise tasks performed at moderate intensities. Future studies should replicate these results with a bigger sample size and different resistance exercises and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Domingos
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Av. Dr. Mário Soares nº 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - João Luís Marôco
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Marco Miranda
- Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEB-Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Silva
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Av. Dr. Mário Soares nº 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Xavier Melo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1496-751 Oeiras, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Carla Borrego
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Av. Dr. Mário Soares nº 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
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7
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Zhao S, Lin H, Chi A, Gao Y. Effects of acute exercise fatigue on the spatiotemporal dynamics of resting-state large-scale brain networks. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:986368. [PMID: 36743803 PMCID: PMC9895387 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.986368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Various approaches have been used to explore different aspects of the regulation of brain activity by acute exercise, but few studies have been conducted on the effects of acute exercise fatigue on large-scale brain functional networks. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the effects of acute exercise fatigue on resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates and large-scale brain network rhythm energy. Methods The Bruce protocol was used as the experimental exercise model with a self-controlled experimental design. Thirty males performed incremental load exercise tests on treadmill until exhaustion. EEG signal acquisition was completed before and after exercise. EEG microstates and resting-state cortical rhythm techniques were used to analyze the EEG signal. Results The microstate results showed that the duration, occurrence, and contribution of Microstate C were significantly higher after exhaustive exercise (p's < 0.01). There was a significantly lower contribution of Microstate D (p < 0.05), a significant increase in transition probabilities between Microstate A and C (p < 0.05), and a significant decrease in transition probabilities between Microstate B and D (p < 0.05). The results of EEG rhythm energy on the large-scale brain network showed that the energy in the high-frequency β band was significantly higher in the visual network (p < 0.05). Discussion Our results suggest that frequently Microstate C associated with the convexity network are important for the organism to respond to internal and external information stimuli and thus regulate motor behavior in time to protect organism integrity. The decreases in Microstate D parameters, associated with the attentional network, are an important neural mechanism explaining the decrease in attention-related cognitive or behavioral performance due to acute exercise fatigue. The high energy in the high-frequency β band on the visual network can be explained in the sense of the neural efficiency hypothesis, which indicates a decrease in neural efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanguang Zhao
- Institute of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China,Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hao Lin
- Institute of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aiping Chi
- Institute of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China,*Correspondence: Aiping Chi,
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Institute of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China,Yuanyuan Gao,
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Büchel D, Lehmann T, Sandbakk Ø, Baumeister J. EEG-derived brain graphs are reliable measures for exploring exercise-induced changes in brain networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20803. [PMID: 34675312 PMCID: PMC8531386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of acute exercise and the central nervous system evokes increasing interest in interdisciplinary research fields of neuroscience. Novel approaches allow to monitor large-scale brain networks from mobile electroencephalography (EEG) applying graph theory, but it is yet uncertain whether brain graphs extracted after exercise are reliable. We therefore aimed to investigate brain graph reliability extracted from resting state EEG data before and after submaximal exercise twice within one week in male participants. To obtain graph measures, we extracted global small-world-index (SWI), clustering coefficient (CC) and characteristic path length (PL) based on weighted phase leg index (wPLI) and spectral coherence (Coh) calculation. For reliability analysis, Intraclass-Correlation-Coefficient (ICC) and Coefficient of Variation (CoV) were computed for graph measures before (REST) and after POST) exercise. Overall results revealed poor to excellent measures at PRE and good to excellent ICCs at POST in the theta, alpha-1 and alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency band. Based on bootstrap-analysis, a positive effect of exercise on reliability of wPLI based measures was observed, while exercise induced a negative effect on reliability of Coh-based graph measures. Findings indicate that brain graphs are a reliable tool to analyze brain networks in exercise contexts, which might be related to the neuroregulating effect of exercise inducing functional connections within the connectome. Relative and absolute reliability demonstrated good to excellent reliability after exercise. Chosen graph measures may not only allow analysis of acute, but also longitudinal studies in exercise-scientific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Büchel
- Department Sport & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany.
| | - Tim Lehmann
- Department Sport & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jochen Baumeister
- Department Sport & Health, Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
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9
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Kim K, Duc NT, Choi M, Lee B. EEG microstate features for schizophrenia classification. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251842. [PMID: 33989352 PMCID: PMC8121321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis is a method wherein spontaneous EEG activity is segmented at sub-second levels to analyze quasi-stable states. In particular, four archetype microstates and their features are known to reflect changes in brain state in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, previous studies have only reported differences in each microstate feature and have not determined whether microstate features are suitable for schizophrenia classification. Therefore, it is necessary to validate microstate features for schizophrenia classification. Nineteen microstate features, including duration, occurrence, and coverage as well as thirty-one conventional EEG features, including statistical, frequency, and temporal characteristics were obtained from resting-state EEG recordings of 14 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and from 14 healthy (control) subjects. Machine-learning based multivariate analysis was used to evaluate classification performance. EEG recordings of patients and controls showed different microstate features. More importantly, when differentiating among patients and controls, EEG microstate features outperformed conventional EEG ones. The performance of the microstate features exceeded that of conventional EEG, even after optimization using recursive feature elimination. EEG microstate features applied with conventional EEG features also showed better classification performance than conventional EEG features alone. The current study is the first to validate the use of microstate features to discriminate schizophrenia, suggesting that EEG microstate features are useful for schizophrenia classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Duc
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McConnel Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Boreom Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering (BMSE), Institute Integrated Technology (IIT), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Cheomdan-gwagiro, Gwangju, South Korea
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Xu Q, Chen L, Chen H, Julien Dewancker B. Exercise Thermal Sensation: Physiological Response to Dynamic-Static Steps at Moderate Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4239. [PMID: 33923594 PMCID: PMC8073928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of exercise thermal sensation is more difficult than that of static thermal sensation in the human body. This work's main purpose was to examine specific changes in human physiological parameters and subjective perceptions during the exercise process, especially around dynamic-static steps, and to assess exercise thermal sensation. Experiments were conducted in a climate chamber. A total of 16 subjects participated in two activities of different intensities on a treadmill, namely at 4.5 km/h and 6 km/h. The experimental procedure was set to static-dynamic-static. Skin temperature (Tsk), oral temperature (Tor), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, and electrodermal activity (EDA) were measured at fixed time points, and thermal sensation values, thermal comfort values, and sweat feeling index were collected. The results showed complex changes in physiological indicators around the dynamic-static steps. Some important physio-logical indicators can be used as valid parameters for exercise thermal sensation models, such as Tsk, Tor, and EDA. This study highlighted that prediction models using average change and rate of change of measurements were better than using the original measurements. Our findings suggest that the exercise thermal sensation prediction models should be constructed according to the dynamic-static state and that psychological factors cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Xu
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030000, China;
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan;
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030000, China;
| | - Bart Julien Dewancker
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 8080135, Japan;
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John AT, Wind J, Horst F, Schöllhorn WI. Acute Effects of an Incremental Exercise Test on Psychophysiological Variables and Their Interaction. J Sports Sci Med 2020; 19:596-612. [PMID: 32874113 PMCID: PMC7429434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Besides neurophysiological effects, the potential influence of exercise induced strains in terms of peripheral physiology or subjectively perceived stress as well as their possible reciprocal relation is not clearly understood yet. This study aimed to analyze effects of increasing exercise intensity on brain activity (spontaneous EEG), heart rate variability (HRV) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) by means of a graded exercise test (GXT). Fifteen participants performed an open-loop GXT on a bicycle ergometer beginning at 50W and an increment of 50W every three minutes. Rest measurements were conducted pre- (5 min) and especially post-exercise (15 min) to analyze (neuro-) physiological prolonged effects. EEG and HRV were measured in parallel before, during (including RPE) and after GXT. Brain activity showed next to already determined effects (e.g. increased (pre)frontal theta, alpha and beta power) a particular activation of the temporal lobe after GXT compared to pre-resting state. HRV frequency parameters significantly decreased following GXT. Recovery process revealed a significant alteration of EEG and HRV towards pre-resting state with prolonged effects in the temporal lobe. Correlation analysis during GXT led to moderately negative effects of EEG total spectrum power and HRV frequency parameters. Frontopolar and temporal lobe revealed noteworthy negative correlated effects with HRV. Referring to RPE, solely temporal gamma activity correlated moderately positive with RPE. Recovery exposed only in the temporal cortex a moderately negative correlation to HF power. Thus, further analysis of the temporal brain lobe in context with exhausting physical exercise comprising induced regulation of cardiovascular stress and perceived exertion is promoted. These results indicate a brain lobe specific relation to peripheral physiology as well as perceived strain with a dependency of rest or exercise condition. Therefore, enough incentives are given to encourage further analysis of a connection between the (neuro-) physiological system as well as subjectively perceived exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T John
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Wind
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fabian Horst
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang I Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Gramkow MH, Hasselbalch SG, Waldemar G, Frederiksen KS. Resting State EEG in Exercise Intervention Studies: A Systematic Review of Effects and Methods. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:155. [PMID: 32477081 PMCID: PMC7232557 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise has been shown to alter brain plasticity and is explored as a therapeutic intervention in a wide variety of neurological diseases. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers an inexpensive method of studying brain electrocortical activity shortly after exercise and thus offers a way of exploring the influence of exercise on the brain. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the current body of evidence regarding methods of EEG analysis and the reported effects of exercise interventions on EEG. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched for studies investigating resting state EEG in exercise intervention studies carried out in participants >17 years of age and with no history of epilepsy. Further, studies solely investigating event-related potentials as an outcome measure were excluded. Relevant data were extracted, and a risk-of-bias assessment was carried out using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A qualitative synthesis of results was carried out. A protocol for the systematic review was uploaded to https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ (ID: CRD42019134570) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement was followed. Results: Out of 1,993 records screened, 54 studies were included in a final qualitative synthesis with a total of 1,445 participants. Our synthesis showed that studies were mainly carried out using frequency analysis as an analytical method. Generally, findings across studies were inconsistent and few were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Studies were mainly of low quality and usually carried out in small populations, lowering the significance of results reported. Conclusions: Changes in the EEG as a result of an exercise intervention are elusive and difficult to replicate. Future studies should provide biologically sound hypotheses underlying assumptions, include larger populations and use standardized EEG methods to increase replicability. EEG remains an interesting methodology to examine the effects of exercise on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Holsey Gramkow
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Steen Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tamburro G, Stone DB, Comani S. Automatic Removal of Cardiac Interference (ARCI): A New Approach for EEG Data. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:441. [PMID: 31133785 PMCID: PMC6517508 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EEG recordings are generally affected by interference from physiological and non-physiological sources which may obscure underlying brain activity and hinder effective EEG analysis. In particular, cardiac interference can be caused by the electrical activity of the heart and/or cardiovascular activity related to blood flow. Successful EEG application in sports science settings requires a method for artifact removal that is automatic and flexible enough to be applied in a variety of acquisition conditions without requiring simultaneous ECG recordings that could restrict movement. We developed an automatic method for classifying and removing both electrical cardiac and cardiovascular artifacts (ARCI) that does not require additional ECG recording. Our method employs independent component analysis (ICA) to isolate data independent components (ICs) and identifies the artifactual ICs by evaluating specific IC features in the time and frequency domains. We applied ARCI to EEG datasets with cued artifacts and acquired during an eyes-closed condition. Data were recorded using a standard EEG wet cap with either 128 or 64 electrodes and using a novel dry electrode cap with either 97 or 64 dry electrodes. All data were decomposed into different numbers of components to evaluate the effect of ICA decomposition level on effective cardiac artifact detection. ARCI performance was evaluated by comparing automatic ICs classifications with classifications performed by experienced investigators. Automatic and investigator classifications were highly consistent resulting in an overall accuracy greater than 99% in all datasets and decomposition levels, and an average sensitivity greater than 90%. Best results were attained when data were decomposed into a fewer number of components where the method achieved perfect sensitivity (100%). Performance was also evaluated by comparing automatic component classification with externally recorded ECG. Results showed that ICs automatically classified as artifactual were significantly correlated with ECG activity whereas the other ICs were not. We also assessed that the interference affecting EEG signals was reduced by more than 82% after automatic artifact removal. Overall, ARCI represents a significant step in the detection and removal of cardiac-related EEG artifacts and can be applied in a variety of acquisition settings making it ideal for sports science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tamburro
- BIND – Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - David B. Stone
- BIND – Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Comani
- BIND – Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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