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Zhou L, Xu R. Invertebrate genetic models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1328578. [PMID: 38500677 PMCID: PMC10944931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1328578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a common adult-onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord. The exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ALS remain unclear. The current consensus regarding the pathogenesis of ALS suggests that the interaction between genetic susceptibility and harmful environmental factors is a promising cause of ALS onset. The investigation of putative harmful environmental factors has been the subject of several ongoing studies, but the use of transgenic animal models to study ALS has provided valuable information on the onset of ALS. Here, we review the current common invertebrate genetic models used to study the pathology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of ALS. The considerations of the usage, advantages, disadvantages, costs, and availability of each invertebrate model will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiJun Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - RenShi Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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2
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Chakravorty A, Sheeba V, Manjithaya R. Drosophila melanogaster Neuromuscular Junction as a Model to Study Synaptopathies and Neuronal Autophagy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:97-120. [PMID: 38427233 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal synapse dysfunction is a key characteristic of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias, and Huntington's disease. Modeling these disorders to study synaptic dysfunction requires a robust and reproducible method for assaying the subtle changes associated with synaptopathies in terms of structure and function of the synapses. Drosophila melanogaster neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) serve as good models to study such alterations. Further, modifications in the microenvironment of synapses can sometimes reflect in the behavior of the animal, which can also be assayed in a high-throughput manner. The methods outlined in this chapter highlight assays to study the behavioral changes associated with synaptic dysfunction in a spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) model. Further, molecular assessment of alterations in NMJ structure and function is also summarized, followed by effects of autophagy pathway upregulation in providing neuroprotection. These methods can be further extended and modified to study the therapeutic effects of drugs or small molecules in providing neuroprotection for any synaptopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Chakravorty
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasu Sheeba
- Chronobiology and Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Bangalore, India.
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
- Chronobiology and Behavioural Neurogenetics Laboratory, Neuroscience Unit, Bangalore, India.
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Patel N, Alam N, Libohova K, Dulay R, Todi SV, Sujkowski A. Phenotypic defects from the expression of wild-type and pathogenic TATA-binding proteins in new Drosophila models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad180. [PMID: 37551423 PMCID: PMC10542169 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 17 (SCA17) is the most recently identified member of the polyglutamine (polyQ) family of disorders, resulting from abnormal CAG/CAA expansion in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), an initiation factor essential for of all eukaryotic transcription. A largely autosomal dominant inherited disease, SCA17, is unique in both its heterogeneous clinical presentation and low incidence of genetic anticipation, the phenomenon in which subsequent generations inherit longer polyQ expansions that yield earlier and more severe symptom onset. Like other polyQ disease family members, SCA17 patients experience progressive ataxia and dementia, and treatments are limited to preventing symptoms and increasing quality of life. Here, we report 2 new Drosophila models that express human TBP with polyQ repeats in either wild-type or SCA17 patient range. We find that TBP expression has age- and tissue-specific effects on neurodegeneration, with polyQ-expanded SCA17 protein expression generally having more severe effects. In addition, SCA17 model flies accumulate more aggregation-prone TBP, with a greater proportion localizing to the nucleus. These new lines provide a new resource for the biochemical characterization of SCA17 pathology and the future identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nadir Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kozeta Libohova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ryan Dulay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Zhu Q, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Han J, Cao B, Xu D, Zhao Y, Chen G. Risk factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on the observational study: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196722. [PMID: 37284659 PMCID: PMC10239956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Though the pathogenesis of ALS is still unclear, exploring the associations between risk factors and ALS can provide reliable evidence to find the pathogenesis. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize all related risk factors of ALS to understand this disease comprehensively. Methods We searched the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Scopus. Moreover, observational studies, including cohort studies, and case-control studies, were included in this meta-analysis. Results A total of 36 eligible observational studies were included, and 10 of them were cohort studies and the rest were case-control studies. We found six factors exacerbated the progression of disease: head trauma (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13, 1.40), physical activity (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.09), electric shock (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.62, 4.56), military service (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.61), pesticides (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.26), and lead exposure (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.44, 3.71). Of note, type 2 diabetes mellitus was a protective factor for ALS. However, cerebrovascular disease (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.75, 1.29), agriculture (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.74, 1.99), industry (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.91), service (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.19, 1.17), smoking (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.5, 3.09), chemicals (OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 0.89, 6.77), and heavy metal (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.47, 4.84) were not risk factors for ALS based on meta-analyses. Conclusions Head trauma, physical activity, electric shock, military service, pesticides, and lead were risk factors for ALS onset and progression. But DM was a protective factor. This finding provides a better understanding of ALS risk factors with strong evidence for clinicians to rationalize clinical intervention strategies. INPLSY registration number https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2022-9-0118/, INPLASY202290118.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Zhu
- Department of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Biwei Cao
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Tuina and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Santarelli S, Londero C, Soldano A, Candelaresi C, Todeschini L, Vernizzi L, Bellosta P. Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases induced by proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1082047. [PMID: 37274187 PMCID: PMC10232775 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1082047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinopathies are a large group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by both genetic and sporadic mutations in particular genes which can lead to alterations of the protein structure and to the formation of aggregates, especially toxic for neurons. Autophagy is a key mechanism for clearing those aggregates and its function has been strongly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), hence mutations in both pathways have been associated with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those induced by protein misfolding and accumulation of aggregates. Many crucial discoveries regarding the molecular and cellular events underlying the role of autophagy in these diseases have come from studies using Drosophila models. Indeed, despite the physiological and morphological differences between the fly and the human brain, most of the biochemical and molecular aspects regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy, are conserved between the two species.In this review, we will provide an overview of the most common neurodegenerative proteinopathies, which include PolyQ diseases (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, and 3), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (C9orf72, SOD1, TDP-43, FUS), Alzheimer's disease (APP, Tau) Parkinson's disease (a-syn, parkin and PINK1, LRRK2) and prion diseases, highlighting the studies using Drosophila that have contributed to understanding the conserved mechanisms and elucidating the role of autophagy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Santarelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Londero
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlotta Candelaresi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Todeschini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Vernizzi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Bellosta
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CiBiO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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McKinnon RD. Backdoor intrusion: retrotoxicity can explain targeted motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1448. [PMID: 33318449 PMCID: PMC8284279 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Randall D McKinnon
- Department of Neurosurgery and Member, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Guissart C, Mouzat K, Kantar J, Louveau B, Vilquin P, Polge A, Raoul C, Lumbroso S. Premature termination codons in SOD1 causing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are predicted to escape the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20738. [PMID: 33244158 PMCID: PMC7691510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77716-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common and severe adult-onset motoneuron disease and has currently no effective therapy. Approximately 20% of familial ALS cases are caused by dominantly-inherited mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which represents one of the most frequent genetic cause of ALS. Despite the overwhelming majority of ALS-causing missense mutations in SOD1, a minority of premature termination codons (PTCs) have been identified. mRNA harboring PTCs are known to be rapidly degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which limits the production of truncated proteins. The rules of NMD surveillance varying with PTC location in mRNA, we analyzed the localization of PTCs in SOD1 mRNA to evaluate whether or not those PTCs can be triggered to degradation by the NMD pathway. Our study shows that all pathogenic PTCs described in SOD1 so far can theoretically escape the NMD, resulting in the production of truncated protein. This finding supports the hypothesis that haploinsufficiency is not an underlying mechanism of SOD1 mutant-associated ALS and suggests that PTCs found in the regions that trigger NMD are not pathogenic. Such a consideration is particularly important since the availability of SOD1 antisense strategies, in view of variant treatment assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Guissart
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France.
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jovana Kantar
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Louveau
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paul Vilquin
- Département de Pharmacologie et de Génomique des Tumeurs Solides, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Polge
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU Nimes, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier, INM, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ramesh N, Kour S, Anderson EN, Rajasundaram D, Pandey UB. RNA-recognition motif in Matrin-3 mediates neurodegeneration through interaction with hnRNPM. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:138. [PMID: 32811564 PMCID: PMC7437177 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. While pathogenic mutations in the DNA/RNA-binding protein Matrin-3 (MATR3) are linked to ALS and distal myopathy, the molecular mechanisms underlying MATR3-mediated neuromuscular degeneration remain unclear. Methods We generated Drosophila lines with transgenic insertion of human MATR3 wildtype, disease-associated variants F115C and S85C, and deletion variants in functional domains, ΔRRM1, ΔRRM2, ΔZNF1 and ΔZNF2. We utilized genetic, behavioral and biochemical tools for comprehensive characterization of our models in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we employed in silico approaches to find transcriptomic targets of MATR3 and hnRNPM from publicly available eCLIP datasets. Results We found that targeted expression of MATR3 in Drosophila muscles or motor neurons shorten lifespan and produces progressive motor defects, muscle degeneration and atrophy. Strikingly, deletion of its RNA-recognition motif (RRM2) mitigates MATR3 toxicity. We identified rump, the Drosophila homolog of human RNA-binding protein hnRNPM, as a modifier of mutant MATR3 toxicity in vivo. Interestingly, hnRNPM physically and functionally interacts with MATR3 in an RNA-dependent manner in mammalian cells. Furthermore, common RNA targets of MATR3 and hnRNPM converge in biological processes important for neuronal health and survival. Conclusions We propose a model of MATR3-mediated neuromuscular degeneration governed by its RNA-binding domains and modulated by interaction with splicing factor hnRNPM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40478-020-01021-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sleigh JN, Tosolini AP, Gordon D, Devoy A, Fratta P, Fisher EMC, Talbot K, Schiavo G. Mice Carrying ALS Mutant TDP-43, but Not Mutant FUS, Display In Vivo Defects in Axonal Transport of Signaling Endosomes. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3655-3662.e2. [PMID: 32187538 PMCID: PMC7090381 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from a complex interplay between genetics and environment. Impairments in axonal transport have been identified in several ALS models, but in vivo evidence remains limited, thus their pathogenetic importance remains to be fully resolved. We therefore analyzed the in vivo dynamics of retrogradely transported, neurotrophin-containing signaling endosomes in nerve axons of two ALS mouse models with mutations in the RNA processing genes TARDBP and FUS. TDP-43M337V mice, which show neuromuscular pathology without motor neuron loss, display axonal transport perturbations manifesting between 1.5 and 3 months and preceding symptom onset. Contrastingly, despite 20% motor neuron loss, transport remained largely unaffected in FusΔ14/+ mice. Deficiencies in retrograde axonal transport of signaling endosomes are therefore not shared by all ALS-linked genes, indicating that there are mechanistic distinctions in the pathogenesis of ALS caused by mutations in different RNA processing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anny Devoy
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London Campus, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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10
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Robertson RM, Dawson-Scully KD, Andrew RD. Neural shutdown under stress: an evolutionary perspective on spreading depolarization. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:885-895. [PMID: 32023142 PMCID: PMC7099469 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00724.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural function depends on maintaining cellular membrane potentials as the basis for electrical signaling. Yet, in mammals and insects, neuronal and glial membrane potentials can reversibly depolarize to zero, shutting down neural function by the process of spreading depolarization (SD) that collapses the ion gradients across membranes. SD is not evident in all metazoan taxa with centralized nervous systems. We consider the occurrence and similarities of SD in different animals and suggest that it is an emergent property of nervous systems that have evolved to control complex behaviors requiring energetically expensive, rapid information processing in a tightly regulated extracellular environment. Whether SD is beneficial or not in mammals remains an open question. However, in insects, it is associated with the response to harsh environments and may provide an energetic advantage that improves the chances of survival. The remarkable similarity of SD in diverse taxa supports a model systems approach to understanding the mechanistic underpinning of human neuropathology associated with migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Meldrum Robertson
- Department of Biology and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ken D Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - R David Andrew
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Khuong TM, Hamoudi Z, Manion J, Loo L, Muralidharan A, Neely GG. Peripheral straightjacket (α2δ Ca 2+ channel subunit) expression is required for neuropathic sensitization in Drosophila. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190287. [PMID: 31544607 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury leads to devastating and often untreatable neuropathic pain. While acute noxious sensation (nociception) is a crucial survival mechanism and is conserved across phyla, chronic neuropathic pain is considered a maladaptive response owing to its devastating impact on a patient's quality of life. We have recently shown that a neuropathic pain-like response occurs in adult Drosophila. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that the α2δ peripheral calcium channel subunit straightjacket (stj) is a conserved factor required for thermal pain perception. We demonstrate here that stj is required in peripheral ppk+ sensory neurons for acute thermal responses and that it mediates nociceptive hypersensitivity in an adult Drosophila model of neuropathic pain-like disease. Given that calcium channels are the main targets of gabapentinoids (pregabalin and gabapentin), we assessed if these drugs can alleviate nociceptive hypersensitivity. Our findings suggest that gabapentinoids may prevent nociceptive hypersensitivity by preserving central inhibition after nerve injury. Together, our data further highlight the similarity of some mechanisms for pain-like conditions across phyla and validates the scientific use of Drosophila neuropathic sensitization models for analgesic drug discovery. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Evolution of mechanisms and behaviour important for pain'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thang M Khuong
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zina Hamoudi
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - John Manion
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lipin Loo
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Arjun Muralidharan
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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