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Hrabos D, Poggiolini I, Civitelli L, Galli E, Esapa C, Saarma M, Lindholm P, Parkkinen L. Unfolded protein response markers Grp78 and eIF2alpha are upregulated with increasing alpha-synuclein levels in Lewy body disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12999. [PMID: 39036837 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum stress followed by the unfolded protein response is one of the cellular mechanisms contributing to the progression of α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson's disease and other Lewy body diseases. We aimed to investigate the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and its correlation with α-synuclein pathology in human post-mortem brain tissue. METHODS We analysed brain tissue from 45 subjects-14 symptomatic patients with Lewy body disease, 19 subjects with incidental Lewy body disease, and 12 healthy controls. The analysed brain regions included the medulla, pons, midbrain, striatum, amygdala and entorhinal, temporal, frontal and occipital cortex. We analysed activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress via levels of the unfolded protein response-related proteins (Grp78, eIF2α) and endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulating neurotrophic factors (MANF, CDNF). RESULTS We showed that regional levels of two endoplasmic reticulum-localised neurotrophic factors, MANF and CDNF, did not change in response to accumulating α-synuclein pathology. The concentration of MANF negatively correlated with age in specific regions. eIF2α was upregulated in the striatum of Lewy body disease patients and correlated with increased α-synuclein levels. We found the upregulation of chaperone Grp78 in the amygdala and nigral dopaminergic neurons of Lewy body disease patients. Grp78 levels in the amygdala strongly correlated with soluble α-synuclein levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a strong but regionally specific change in Grp78 and eIF2α levels, which positively correlates with soluble α-synuclein levels. Additionally, MANF levels decreased in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Our research suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress activation is not associated with Lewy pathology but rather with soluble α-synuclein concentration and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hrabos
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ilaria Poggiolini
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Livia Civitelli
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emilia Galli
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris Esapa
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Nam J, Richie CT, Harvey BK, Voutilainen MH. Delivery of CDNF by AAV-mediated gene transfer protects dopamine neurons and regulates ER stress and inflammation in an acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16487. [PMID: 39019902 PMCID: PMC11254911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and its close structural relative, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), are proteins with neurotrophic properties. CDNF protects and restores the function of dopamine (DA) neurons in rodent and non-human primate (NHP) toxin models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and therefore shows promise as a drug candidate for disease-modifying treatment of PD. Moreover, CDNF was found to be safe and to have some therapeutic effects on PD patients in phase 1/2 clinical trials. However, the mechanism underlying the neurotrophic activity of CDNF is unknown. In this study, we delivered human CDNF (hCDNF) to the brain using an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector and demonstrated the neurotrophic effect of AAV-hCDNF in an acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. AAV-hCDNF resulted in the expression of hCDNF in the striatum (STR) and substantia nigra (SN), and no toxic effects on the nigrostriatal pathway were observed. Intrastriatal injection of AAV-hCDNF reduced motor impairment and partially alleviated gait dysfunction in the acute MPTP mouse model. In addition, gene therapy with AAV-hCDNF had significant neuroprotective effects on the nigrostriatal pathway and decreased the levels of interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) and complement 3 (C3) in glial cells in the acute MPTP mouse model. Moreover, AAV-hCDNF reduced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) expression in astroglia. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of CDNF may be mediated at least in part through the regulation of neuroinflammation and the UPR pathway in a mouse MPTP model of PD in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhan Nam
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Merja H Voutilainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, P.O. Box 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Pazi MB, Belan DV, Komarova EY, Ekimova IV. Intranasal Administration of GRP78 Protein (HSPA5) Confers Neuroprotection in a Lactacystin-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3951. [PMID: 38612761 PMCID: PMC11011682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein can trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to apoptotic cell death in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). As the major ER chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78/BiP/HSPA5) plays a key role in UPR regulation. GRP78 overexpression can modulate the UPR, block apoptosis, and promote the survival of nigral dopamine neurons in a rat model of α-synuclein pathology. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of intranasal exogenous GRP78 for preventing or slowing PD-like neurodegeneration in a lactacystin-induced rat model. We show that intranasally-administered GRP78 rapidly enters the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and other afflicted brain regions. It is then internalized by neurons and microglia, preventing the development of the neurodegenerative process in the nigrostriatal system. Lactacystin-induced disturbances, such as the abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated pS129-α-synuclein and activation of the pro-apoptotic GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/CHOP/caspase-3,9 signaling pathway of the UPR, are substantially reversed upon GRP78 administration. Moreover, exogenous GRP78 inhibits both microglia activation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in model animals. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of exogenous GRP78 may inform the development of effective therapeutic agents for PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Pazi
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Daria V Belan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Elena Y Komarova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky pr., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Irina V Ekimova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez pr., St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
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el Bouhaddani S, Höllerhage M, Uh HW, Moebius C, Bickle M, Höglinger G, Houwing-Duistermaat J. Statistical integration of multi-omics and drug screening data from cell lines. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011809. [PMID: 38295113 PMCID: PMC10878536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Data integration methods are used to obtain a unified summary of multiple datasets. For multi-modal data, we propose a computational workflow to jointly analyze datasets from cell lines. The workflow comprises a novel probabilistic data integration method, named POPLS-DA, for multi-omics data. The workflow is motivated by a study on synucleinopathies where transcriptomics, proteomics, and drug screening data are measured in affected LUHMES cell lines and controls. The aim is to highlight potentially druggable pathways and genes involved in synucleinopathies. First, POPLS-DA is used to prioritize genes and proteins that best distinguish cases and controls. For these genes, an integrated interaction network is constructed where the drug screen data is incorporated to highlight druggable genes and pathways in the network. Finally, functional enrichment analyses are performed to identify clusters of synaptic and lysosome-related genes and proteins targeted by the protective drugs. POPLS-DA is compared to other single- and multi-omics approaches. We found that HSPA5, a member of the heat shock protein 70 family, was one of the most targeted genes by the validated drugs, in particular by AT1-blockers. HSPA5 and AT1-blockers have been previously linked to α-synuclein pathology and Parkinson's disease, showing the relevance of our findings. Our computational workflow identified new directions for therapeutic targets for synucleinopathies. POPLS-DA provided a larger interpretable gene set than other single- and multi-omic approaches. An implementation based on R and markdown is freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hae-Won Uh
- Dept. Data science & Biostatistics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Moebius
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Bickle
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günter Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanine Houwing-Duistermaat
- Dept. Data science & Biostatistics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Dept. of Mathematics, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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5
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Wang D, Qu S, Zhang Z, Tan L, Chen X, Zhong HJ, Chong CM. Strategies targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1288894. [PMID: 38026955 PMCID: PMC10667558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1288894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms, which is caused by the progressive death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Accumulating evidence shows that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurring in the SNpc DA neurons is an early event in the development of PD. ER stress triggers the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) to reduce stress and restore ER function. However, excessive and continuous ER stress and UPR exacerbate the risk of DA neuron death through crosstalk with other PD events. Thus, ER stress is considered a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of PD. Various strategies targeting ER stress through the modulation of UPR signaling, the increase of ER's protein folding ability, and the enhancement of protein degradation are developed to alleviate neuronal death in PD models. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of ER stress in PD and update the strategies targeting ER stress to improve ER protein homeostasis and PD-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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6
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Salem HA, Abu-Elfotuh K, Alzahrani S, Rizk NI, Ali HS, Elsherbiny N, Aljohani A, Hamdan AME, Chellasamy P, Abdou NS, Gowifel AMH, Darwish A, Ibrahim OM, Abd Elmageed ZY. Punicalagin's Protective Effects on Parkinson's Progression in Socially Isolated and Socialized Rats: Insights into Multifaceted Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2420. [PMID: 37896179 PMCID: PMC10610313 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor impairments. Social isolation (SI), a recognized stressor, has recently gained attention as a potential influencing factor in the progress of neurodegenerative illnesses. We aimed to investigate the intricate relationship between SI and PD progression, both independently and in the presence of manganese chloride (MnCl2), while evaluating the punicalagin (PUN) therapeutic effects, a natural compound established for its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. In this five-week experiment, seven groups of male albino rats were organized: G1 (normal control), G2 (SI), G3 (MnCl2), G4 (SI + MnCl2), G5 (SI + PUN), G6 (MnCl2 + PUN), and G7 (SI + PUN + MnCl2). The results revealed significant changes in behavior, biochemistry, and histopathology in rats exposed to SI and/or MnCl2, with the most pronounced effects detected in the SI rats concurrently exposed to MnCl2. These effects were associated with augmented oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant activity of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Additionally, inflammatory pathways (HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 and JAK-2/STAT-3) were upregulated, while dysregulation of signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB), sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress by activation PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and impaired autophagy (AMPK/SIRT-1/Beclin-1 axis) were observed. Apoptosis induction and a decrease in monoamine levels were also noted. Remarkably, treatment with PUN effectively alleviated behaviour, histopathological changes, and biochemical alterations induced by SI and/or MnCl2. These findings emphasize the role of SI in PD progress and propose PUN as a potential therapeutic intervention to mitigate PD. PUN's mechanisms of action involve modulation of pathways such as HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-ᴋB/NLRP3/Caspase-1, JAK-2/STAT-3, PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, AMPK/SIRT-1, Nrf2/HO-1, and PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nermin I. Rizk
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt;
| | - Howaida S. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (H.S.A.); (S.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alhanouf Aljohani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed M. E. Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Nada S. Abdou
- Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 11556, Egypt;
| | - Ayah M. H. Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo 11571, Egypt;
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71203, USA;
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Pakarinen E, Lindholm P. CDNF and MANF in the brain dopamine system and their potential as treatment for Parkinson's disease. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1188697. [PMID: 37555005 PMCID: PMC10405524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1188697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by gradual loss of midbrain dopamine neurons, leading to impaired motor function. Preclinical studies have indicated cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) to be potential therapeutic molecules for the treatment of PD. CDNF was proven to be safe and well tolerated when tested in Phase I-II clinical trials in PD patients. Neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects of CDNF and MANF were demonstrated in animal models of PD, where they promoted the survival of dopamine neurons and improved motor function. However, biological roles of endogenous CDNF and MANF proteins in the midbrain dopamine system have been less clear. In addition to extracellular trophic activities, CDNF/MANF proteins function intracellularly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they modulate protein homeostasis and protect cells against ER stress by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, our aim is to give an overview of the biology of endogenous CDNF and MANF in the brain dopamine system. We will discuss recent studies on CDNF and MANF knockout animal models, and effects of CDNF and MANF in preclinical models of PD. To elucidate possible roles of CDNF and MANF in human biology, we will review CDNF and MANF tissue expression patterns and regulation of CDNF/MANF levels in human diseases. Finally, we will discuss novel findings related to the molecular mechanism of CDNF and MANF action in ER stress, UPR, and inflammation, all of which are mechanisms potentially involved in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Eggleton P, De Alba J, Weinreich M, Calias P, Foulkes R, Corrigall VM. The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:322-339. [PMID: 36651415 PMCID: PMC9889696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti-inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T-regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an 'eat-me' signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long-term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease-relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eggleton
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, New Hunts HouseGuy' HospitalLondonUK
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Chaperone-Dependent Mechanisms as a Pharmacological Target for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010823. [PMID: 36614266 PMCID: PMC9820882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern pharmacotherapy of neurodegenerative diseases is predominantly symptomatic and does not allow vicious circles causing disease development to break. Protein misfolding is considered the most important pathogenetic factor of neurodegenerative diseases. Physiological mechanisms related to the function of chaperones, which contribute to the restoration of native conformation of functionally important proteins, evolved evolutionarily. These mechanisms can be considered promising for pharmacological regulation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Data on BiP and Sigma1R chaperones in clinical and experimental studies of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are presented. The possibility of neuroprotective effect dependent on Sigma1R ligand activation in these diseases is also demonstrated. The interaction between Sigma1R and BiP-associated signaling in the neuroprotection is discussed. The performed analysis suggests the feasibility of pharmacological regulation of chaperone function, possibility of ligand activation of Sigma1R in order to achieve a neuroprotective effect, and the need for further studies of the conjugation of cellular mechanisms controlled by Sigma1R and BiP chaperones.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Regulated Chaperones as a Serum Biomarker Panel for Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1476-1485. [PMID: 36478320 PMCID: PMC9899193 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Examination of post-mortem brain tissues has previously revealed a strong association between Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Evidence in the literature regarding the circulation of ER stress-regulated factors released from neurons provides a rationale for investigating ER stress biomarkers in the blood to aid diagnosis of PD. The levels of ER stress-regulated proteins in serum collected from 29 PD patients and 24 non-PD controls were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A panel of four biomarkers, protein disulfide-isomerase A1, protein disulfide-isomerase A3, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, and clusterin, together with age and gender had higher ability (area under the curve 0.64, sensitivity 66%, specificity 57%) and net benefit to discriminate PD patients from the non-PD group compared with other analyzed models. Addition of oligomeric and total α-synuclein to the model did not improve the diagnostic power of the biomarker panel. We provide evidence that ER stress-regulated proteins merit further investigation for their potential as diagnostic biomarkers of PD.
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Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction and Levodopa Regulate Proteins Involved in Parkinson’s Disease-Associated Pathways in Differentiated Neuroblastoma Cells: Insights from Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214632. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), a palm oil-derived vitamin E fraction, is reported to possess potent neuroprotective effects. However, the modulation of proteomes in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells (diff-neural cells) by TRF has not yet been reported. This study aims to investigate the proteomic changes implicated by TRF in human neural cells using a label-free liquid-chromatography-double mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach. Levodopa, a drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD), was used as a drug control. The human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were differentiated for six days and treated with TRF or levodopa for 24 h prior to quantitative proteomic analysis. A total of 81 and 57 proteins were differentially expressed in diff-neural cells following treatment with TRF or levodopa, respectively. Among these proteins, 32 similar proteins were detected in both TRF and levodopa-treated neural cells, with 30 of these proteins showing similar expression pattern. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that most of the proteins regulated by TRF and levodopa are key players in the ubiquitin-proteasome, calcium signalling, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial pathway and axonal transport system. In conclusion, TRF is an essential functional food that affects differential protein expression in human neuronal cells at the cellular and molecular levels.
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12
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Asghar M, Odeh A, Fattahi AJ, Henriksson AE, Miglar A, Khosousi S, Svenningsson P. Mitochondrial biogenesis, telomere length and cellular senescence in Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17578. [PMID: 36266468 PMCID: PMC9584960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive age is the single major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular aging markers during Parkinson's disease (PD) have been implicated in previous studies, however the majority of studies have investigated the association of individual cellular aging hallmarks with PD but not jointly. Here, we have studied the association of PD with three aging hallmarks (telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular senescence) in blood and the brain tissue. Our results show that PD patients had 20% lower mitochondrial DNA copies but 26% longer telomeres in blood compared to controls. Moreover, telomere length in blood was positively correlated with medication (Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose, LEDD) and disease duration. Similar results were found in brain tissue, where patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) showed (46-95%) depleted mtDNA copies, but (7-9%) longer telomeres compared to controls. In addition, patients had lower mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α and PGC-1β) and higher load of a cellular senescence marker in postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue, with DLB showing the highest effect among the patient groups. Our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction (copy number and biogenesis) in blood might be a valuable marker to assess the risk of PD. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asghar
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ,grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amani Odeh
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ahmad Jouni Fattahi
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Edwards Henriksson
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aurelie Miglar
- grid.465198.7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Shervin Khosousi
- grid.465198.7Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Per Svenningsson
- grid.465198.7Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Basal and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
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13
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Omarigliptin attenuates rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease in rats: Possible role of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and immune modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113015. [PMID: 35439590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of omarigliptin (OG), an antidiabetic drug that crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rotenone-based rat-model. Results showed that OG attenuated motor impairment, histological aberrations, α-synuclein accumulation, and rescued the dopaminergic neurons in rotenone-administered rats. Furthermore, OG halted rotenone-induced oxidative stress; as shown by reduced lipid peroxidation, decline in the oxidative stress sensor (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and its downstream heme oxygenase-1. In addition, OG abrogated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in rotenone-treated rats. Moreover, OG ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rotenone-administered rats; as evidenced by reduced levels of ER resident proteins such as glucose-regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and apoptotic caspase-12. In conclusion, this study implies repurposing of OG, as a novel neuroprotective agent due to its antioxidant properties, its effects on ER stress in addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities.
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14
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See WZC, Naidu R, Tang KS. Cellular and Molecular Events Leading to Paraquat-Induced Apoptosis: Mechanistic Insights into Parkinson’s Disease Pathophysiology. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3353-3369. [PMID: 35306641 PMCID: PMC9148284 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability, in addition to other non-motor symptoms. Pathologically, PD is attributed to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, with the hallmark of the presence of intracellular protein aggregates of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. The pathogenesis of PD is still yet to be fully elucidated due to the multifactorial nature of the disease. However, a myriad of studies has indicated several intracellular events in triggering apoptotic neuronal cell death in PD. These include oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alteration in dopamine catabolism, inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase, and decreased levels of neurotrophic factors. Laboratory studies using the herbicide paraquat in different in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the induction of many PD pathological features. The selective neurotoxicity induced by paraquat has brought a new dawn in our perspectives about the pathophysiology of PD. Epidemiological data have suggested an increased risk of developing PD in the human population exposed to paraquat for a long term. This model has opened new frontiers in the quest for new therapeutic targets for PD. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the relationship between the exposure of paraquat and the pathogenesis of PD in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Zhi Chung See
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim San Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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15
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Effects of High-Flux Dialysis Combined with Hemoperfusion on Serum GRP78 and miR-495-3p in Renal Failure Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9591177. [PMID: 34671680 PMCID: PMC8523225 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9591177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to probe into the changes and clinical significance of GRP78 and miR-495-3p in renal failure (RF) patients during high-flux dialysis (HFD) combined with hemoperfusion (HP). Methods Sixty-five RF patients and 74 health check-ups who were admitted in our hospital from March 2015 to February 2017 were prospectively selected, and the related characteristics were retrospectively collected for analysis. GRP78 and miR-495-3p were detected in RF patients at admission (before treatment), 12 weeks after treatment (during treatment), 24 weeks after treatment (after treatment), and the control group at admission, and the relationship between the two and the occurrence, efficacy, and recurrence of RF was analyzed. Results Before treatment, the GRP78 mRNA level in RF patients was higher than that in health check-ups, while the miR-495-3p level was lower (P < 0.05). GRP78 mRNA in RF patients was lower than that before treatment and was the lowest after treatment. On the contrary, miR-495-3p was higher than that before treatment and was the highest after treatment (P < 0.05). The two had a significant effect on predicting RF before treatment, efficacy of patients, and their recurrence after treatment (all P < 0.001). Conclusion GRP78 decreased during the treatment of high-flux hemodialysis (HF-HD) combined with systemic HP in RF patients, while miR-495-3p increased. Both of them have a good reference value for RF occurrence, treatment results, and recurrence.
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16
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A multicentre validation study of the diagnostic value of plasma neurofilament light. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3400. [PMID: 34099648 PMCID: PMC8185001 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NfL) is a recognized biomarker for neurodegeneration that can also be assessed in blood. Here, we investigate plasma NfL as a marker of neurodegeneration in 13 neurodegenerative disorders, Down syndrome, depression and cognitively unimpaired controls from two multicenter cohorts: King’s College London (n = 805) and the Swedish BioFINDER study (n = 1,464). Plasma NfL was significantly increased in all cortical neurodegenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and atypical parkinsonian disorders. We demonstrate that plasma NfL is clinically useful in identifying atypical parkinsonian disorders in patients with parkinsonism, dementia in individuals with Down syndrome, dementia among psychiatric disorders, and frontotemporal dementia in patients with cognitive impairment. Data-driven cut-offs highlighted the fundamental importance of age-related clinical cut-offs for disorders with a younger age of onset. Finally, plasma NfL performs best when applied to indicate no underlying neurodegeneration, with low false positives, in all age-related cut-offs. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NfL) is a biomarker for neurodegeneration that can also be assessed in blood. Here the authors show in a validation study the potential for plasma NfL as a biomarker for several neurodegenerative diseases.
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17
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Ren H, Zhai W, Lu X, Wang G. The Cross-Links of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:691881. [PMID: 34168552 PMCID: PMC8218021 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.691881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), as well as the presence of intracellular inclusions with α-synuclein as the main component in surviving DA neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that the imbalance of proteostasis is a key pathogenic factor for PD. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, two major pathways for maintaining proteostasis, play important roles in PD pathology and are considered as attractive therapeutic targets for PD treatment. However, although ER stress/UPR and autophagy appear to be independent cellular processes, they are closely related to each other. In this review, we focused on the roles and molecular cross-links between ER stress/UPR and autophagy in PD pathology. We systematically reviewed and summarized the most recent advances in regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy, and their cross-linking mechanisms. We also reviewed and discussed the mechanisms of the coexisting ER stress/UPR activation and dysregulated autophagy in the lesion regions of PD patients, and the underlying roles and molecular crosslinks between ER stress/UPR activation and the dysregulated autophagy in DA neurodegeneration induced by PD-associated genetic factors and PD-related neurotoxins. Finally, we indicate that the combined regulation of ER stress/UPR and autophagy would be a more effective treatment for PD rather than regulating one of these conditions alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ren
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wanqing Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center of Translational Medicine, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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El Manaa W, Duplan E, Goiran T, Lauritzen I, Vaillant Beuchot L, Lacas-Gervais S, Morais VA, You H, Qi L, Salazar M, Ozcan U, Chami M, Checler F, Alves da Costa C. Transcription- and phosphorylation-dependent control of a functional interplay between XBP1s and PINK1 governs mitophagy and potentially impacts Parkinson disease pathophysiology. Autophagy 2021; 17:4363-4385. [PMID: 34030589 PMCID: PMC8726674 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1917129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD)-affected brains show consistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitophagic dysfunctions. The mechanisms underlying these perturbations and how they are directly linked remain a matter of questions. XBP1 is a transcription factor activated upon ER stress after unconventional splicing by the nuclease ERN1/IREα thereby yielding XBP1s, whereas PINK1 is a kinase considered as the sensor of mitochondrial physiology and a master gatekeeper of mitophagy process. We showed that XBP1s transactivates PINK1 in human cells, primary cultured neurons and mice brain, and triggered a pro-mitophagic phenotype that was fully dependent of endogenous PINK1. We also unraveled a PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of XBP1s that conditioned its nuclear localization and thereby, governed its transcriptional activity. PINK1-induced XBP1s phosphorylation occurred at residues reminiscent of, and correlated to, those phosphorylated in substantia nigra of sporadic PD-affected brains. Overall, our study delineated a functional loop between XBP1s and PINK1 governing mitophagy that was disrupted in PD condition.Abbreviations: 6OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; baf: bafilomycin A1; BECN1: beclin 1; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CASP3: caspase 3; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone; COX8A: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A; DDIT3/CHOP: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERN1/IRE1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; HSPD1/HSP60: heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFN2: mitofusin 2; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PINK1: PTEN-induced kinase 1; PCR: polymerase chain reaction:; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; XBP1s [p-S61A]: XBP1s phosphorylated at serine 61; XBP1s [p-T48A]: XBP1s phosphorylated at threonine 48; shRNA: short hairpin RNA, SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TIMM23: translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 23; TM: tunicamycin; TMRM: tetramethyl rhodamine methylester; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; Toy: toyocamycin; TP: thapsigargin; UB: ubiquitin; UB (S65): ubiquitin phosphorylated at serine 65; UPR: unfolded protein response, XBP1: X-box binding protein 1; XBP1s: spliced X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wejdane El Manaa
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Eric Duplan
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Thomas Goiran
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Inger Lauritzen
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Loan Vaillant Beuchot
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Vanessa Alexandra Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Han You
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, NY, USA
| | - Mario Salazar
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mounia Chami
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Frédéric Checler
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Cristine Alves da Costa
- INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Team Labeled "Laboratory of Excellence (LABEX) Distalz", Sophia-Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
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19
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Clavier T, Demailly Z, Semaille X, Thill C, Selim J, Veber B, Doguet F, Richard V, Besnier E, Tamion F. A Weak Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Associated With Postoperative Organ Failure in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:613518. [PMID: 33659258 PMCID: PMC7917111 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.613518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in inflammatory organ failure. Our objective was to describe ERS, its unfolded protein response (UPR) expression/kinetics during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its association with postoperative organ failure (OF). Methods: Prospective study conducted on patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Blood samples were taken before (Pre-CPB), 2 h (H2-CPB) and 24 h (H24-CPB) after CPB. Plasma levels of 78 kDa Glucose- Regulated Protein (GRP78, final effector of UPR) were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of genes coding for key elements of UPR (ATF6, ATF4, sXBP1, CHOP) was evaluated by quantitative PCR performed on total blood. OF was defined as invasive mechanical ventilation and/or acute kidney injury and/or hemodynamic failure requiring catecholamines. Results: We included 46 patients, GRP78 was decreased at H2-CPB [1,328 (878-1,730) ng/ml vs. 2,348 (1,655-3,730) ng/ml Pre-CPB; p < 0.001] but returned to basal levels at H24-CPB [2,068 (1,436-3,005) ng/ml]. The genes involved in UPR had increased expression at H2 and H24. GRP78 plasma levels in patients with OF at H24-CPB (n = 10) remained below Pre-CPB levels [-27.6 (-51.5; -24.2)%] compared to patients without OF (n = 36) in whom GRP78 levels returned to basal levels [0.6 (-28.1; 26.6)%; p < 0.01]. H24-CPB ATF6 and CHOP expressions were lower in patients with OF than in patients without OF [2.3 (1.3-3.1) vs. 3.0 (2.7-3.7), p < 0.05 and 1.3 (0.9-2.0) vs. 2.2 (1.7-2.9), p < 0.05, respectively]. Conclusions: Low relative levels of GRP78 and weak UPR gene expression appeared associated with postoperative OF. Further studies are needed to understand ERS implication during acute organ failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavier
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Zoé Demailly
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Semaille
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Thill
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Rouen, France
| | - Jean Selim
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Benoit Veber
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Doguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuel Besnier
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Fabienne Tamion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Medical Critical Care, Rouen, France
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20
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Chuan L, Huang X, Fan C, Wen S, Yang X, Wang J, Ren J, Ru J, Ding L. Metformin ameliorates brain damage caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation via targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins GRP78 and XBP1. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173716. [PMID: 33197442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral damage after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a primary cause of death. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is very important during these situations. This study aimed to explore the role of metformin in protecting brain endoplasmic reticulum post CA/CPR. Male SD rats (n = 132) were treated with 6-min CA-posted asphyxia and sham surgery. Before CA/CPR, metformin (200 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle (0.9% saline) were administered randomly for two weeks. The neurological deficit scores were assessed 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days after CA/CPR, and the rat brains were analyzed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay according to the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Oxidative stress and ERS-related protein expression were also investigated. The Western blotting and qRT-PCR results revealed that the resuscitated animals had time-dependent elevated GRP78 and XBP1 levels compared with the sham operative rats. Moreover, our results showed that the rats treated with metformin had increased neurological deficit scores (NDS), an improved seven-day survival rate, decreased cell apoptosis within the hippocampus CA1 area, and less oxidative stress compared with the CA/CPR group. Furthermore, metformin inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the CA/CPR rat model. We confirmed that CA/CPR can induce ERS-related apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain; moreover, inhibiting ERS-related proteins GRP78 and XBP1 with metformin might attenuate cerebral injury post CA/CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Chuan
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Chuming Fan
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jingrong Wang
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jingyu Ren
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jin Ru
- ICU, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Li Ding
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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21
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Medinas DB, Hazari Y, Hetz C. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis in Age-Related Nervous System Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:239-278. [PMID: 34050870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a prominent cellular alteration of diseases impacting the nervous system that are associated to the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated protein species during aging. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main pathway mediating adaptation to ER stress, but it can also trigger deleterious cascades of inflammation and cell death leading to cell dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacological studies in experimental models shed light into molecular pathways possibly contributing to ER stress and the UPR activation in human neuropathies. Most of experimental models are, however, based on the overexpression of mutant proteins causing familial forms of these diseases or the administration of neurotoxins that induce pathology in young animals. Whether the mechanisms uncovered in these models are relevant for the etiology of the vast majority of age-related sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases is an open question. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the current evidence linking ER stress to human pathology and the main mechanisms elucidated in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight the recent association of metabolic syndrome to increased risk to undergo neurodegeneration, where ER stress arises as a common denominator in the pathogenic crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Younis Hazari
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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da Costa CA, Manaa WE, Duplan E, Checler F. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/Unfolded Protein Response and Their Contributions to Parkinson's Disease Physiopathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112495. [PMID: 33212954 PMCID: PMC7698446 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial age-related movement disorder in which defects of both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) have been reported. The unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a key cellular dysfunction associated with the etiology of the disease. The UPR involves a coordinated response initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum that grants the correct folding of proteins. This review gives insights on the ER and its functioning; the UPR signaling cascades; and the link between ER stress, UPR activation, and physiopathology of PD. Thus, post-mortem studies and data obtained by either in vitro and in vivo pharmacological approaches or by genetic modulation of PD causative genes are described. Further, we discuss the relevance and impact of the UPR to sporadic and genetic PD pathology.
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Androwski RJ, Asad N, Wood JG, Hofer A, Locke S, Smith CM, Rose B, Schroeder NE. Mutually exclusive dendritic arbors in C. elegans neurons share a common architecture and convergent molecular cues. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009029. [PMID: 32997655 PMCID: PMC7549815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced changes to the dendritic architecture of neurons have been demonstrated in numerous mammalian and invertebrate systems. Remodeling of dendrites varies tremendously among neuron types. During the stress-induced dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans, the IL2 neurons arborize to cover the anterior body wall. In contrast, the FLP neurons arborize to cover an identical receptive field during reproductive development. Using time-course imaging, we show that branching between these two neuron types is highly coordinated. Furthermore, we find that the IL2 and FLP arbors have a similar dendritic architecture and use an identical downstream effector complex to control branching; however, regulation of this complex differs between stress-induced IL2 branching and FLP branching during reproductive development. We demonstrate that the unfolded protein response (UPR) sensor IRE-1, required for localization of the complex in FLP branching, is dispensable for IL2 branching at standard cultivation temperatures. Exposure of ire-1 mutants to elevated temperatures results in defective IL2 branching, thereby demonstrating a previously unknown genotype by environment interaction within the UPR. We find that the FOXO homolog, DAF-16, is required cell-autonomously to control arborization during stress-induced arborization. Likewise, several aspects of the dauer formation pathway are necessary for the neuron to remodel, including the phosphatase PTEN/DAF-18 and Cytochrome P450/DAF-9. Finally, we find that the TOR associated protein, RAPTOR/DAF-15 regulates mutually exclusive branching of the IL2 and FLP dendrites. DAF-15 promotes IL2 branching during dauer and inhibits precocious FLP growth. Together, our results shed light on molecular processes that regulate stress-mediated remodeling of dendrites across neuron classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Androwski
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nadeem Asad
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Janet G. Wood
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Allison Hofer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven Locke
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cassandra M. Smith
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Becky Rose
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Schroeder
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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Tiwari S, Singh S. Reciprocal Upshot of Nitric Oxide, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:340-354. [PMID: 32713286 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420942211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology involves degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway, postulating symptoms associated with age, environment, and genetic anomalies, including nonlinear disease progression. Hallmark characteristics of PD include dopaminergic neuronal degeneration and death, which may also be exhibited by other neurological diseases, making the diagnosis of the disease intricate at early stage. Such obscure diagnosis of the disease, limited symptomatic improvements with available therapeutics, and their inability to modify the disease status instigate us to appraise the past research and formulate the colligating comprehensive insights. This review is accentuating on the role of nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and their association with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) during PD pathology involving focus on ubiquitin ligases due to their regulatory functions. Meticulous understanding of these major disease-related pathological events and their functional alliance may render novel dimensions for better understanding of disease etiology, related mechanisms, as well as direction toward witnessing of new therapeutic targets for the management of Parkinson's patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangini Tiwari
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Department of Neurosciences and Ageing Biology and Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Siwecka N, Wawrzynkiewicz A, Wojtczak R, Pytel D, Diehl JA, Majsterek I. The PERK-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2108. [PMID: 32204380 PMCID: PMC7139310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is strictly connected with progressive aging of the world population. Interestingly, a broad range of age-related, neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a common pathological mechanism-accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins within the cells. Under certain circumstances, such protein aggregates may evoke endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions and subsequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways via the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dependent manner. Under mild to moderate ER stress, UPR has a pro-adaptive role. However, severe or long-termed ER stress conditions directly evoke shift of the UPR toward its pro-apoptotic branch, which is considered to be a possible cause of neurodegeneration. To this day, there is no effective cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), or prion disease. Currently available treatment approaches for these diseases are only symptomatic and cannot affect the disease progression. Treatment strategies, currently under detailed research, include inhibition of the PERK-dependent UPR signaling branches. The newest data have reported that the use of small-molecule inhibitors of the PERK-mediated signaling branches may contribute to the development of a novel, ground-breaking therapeutic approach for neurodegeneration. In this review, we critically describe all the aspects associated with such targeted therapy against neurodegenerative proteopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Adam Wawrzynkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Radosław Wojtczak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Dariusz Pytel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - J. Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (D.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (W.R.-K.); (N.S.); (A.W.); (R.W.)
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