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Hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in non-human primates: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104830. [PMID: 36031009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of investigations evaluating hemispheric asymmetries for emotions in primates was undertaken to individuate the most consistent lines of research allowing to check the hypothesis of a continuum in emotional lateralization across vertebrates. We reviewed studies on the lateralization of emotional expression (N = 31) and perception (N = 32) and of markers of emotional activation (N = 9), trying to distinguish those which had given respectively more consistent or more conflicting outcomes. Furthermore, we tried to identify the most strongly supported model of emotional lateralization. The most consistent results were obtained in studies investigating asymmetries in emotional expression at the facial level and in the perception of emotional facial expressions, whereas the most disappointing data were obtained in investigations evaluating possible neurophysiological markers of lateralized emotional activation. These results supported more the hypothesis of a continuity between humans and non-human primates than the more general hypothesis of a continuum between humans and all vertebrates. Furthermore, results supported more the 'right hemisphere' than the 'valence' model of emotional lateralization.
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2
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Costa CS, Oliveira AWC, Easton A, Barros M. A single brief stressful event time-dependently affects object recognition memory and promotes familiarity preference in marmoset monkeys. Behav Processes 2022; 199:104645. [PMID: 35489542 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A stressful experience can enhance information storage and impair memory retrieval in the rodent novel object recognition (NOR) task. However, recent conflicting results underscore the need for further investigation. Nonhuman primates may provide a unique, underexplored and more translational means to investigate stress-mediated changes in memory. Therefore, we assessed whether a single brief extrinsic stress event affects information encoding, storage and/or retrieval in adult marmoset monkeys submitted to the NOR task. This consisted of an initial 10 min familiarization period with two identical neutral objects. After a 6 h delay, a 10 min test trial was held where a new and familiar object could be explored. Stress was induced by a 15 min restraint event held before or after the encoding phase, or prior to retrieval. Pre-encoding stress had no effect on task performance, as this group displayed above-chance novelty preference similar to non-stressed controls. Post-encoding stress induced memory deficits, with both objects being explored equally. Interestingly, pre-retrieval stress induced an above-chance familiarity preference. A single brief stressful event thus affects recognition memory in a time-dependent manner. Also, negative discrimination ratios can be used as a measure of memory in the NOR task and a change in strategy may not mean memory failure in spontaneous learning paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara S Costa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - André W C Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Alexander Easton
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; Centre for Learning and Memory Processes, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Marilia Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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3
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Glenk LM, Foltin S. Therapy Dog Welfare Revisited: A Review of the Literature. Vet Sci 2021; 8:226. [PMID: 34679056 PMCID: PMC8538106 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, the field of human-animal interaction(s) research has been characterized by a significant increase in scientific findings. These data have contributed to our current understanding of how humans may benefit from contact with animals. However, the animal experience of these interactions is still an under-researched area. This paper addresses the welfare of dogs who participate in animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) to improve health in human recipients. This paper builds on previous work by Glenk (2017) and provides an updated review of the literature on therapy dog welfare published from 2017-2021. New advances in scientific methodology, such as the determination of salivary oxytocin, breath rate and tympanic membrane temperature, are analyzed regarding their value and limitations for research in AAIs. Moreover, welfare-related social and environmental factors (e.g., freedom of choice, exploration of novel environments, inequity aversion, individual development, working experience, relationship with handler and handler skills) that profoundly influence dog perception and well-being are reviewed and discussed. Accounting for the globally increasing interest and the number of dogs utilized in AAIs, safeguarding therapy dog well-being, and identifying situations, circumstances and protocols that may challenge animal welfare remains an emerging and crucial area of scientific effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Maria Glenk
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Foltin
- Department of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany;
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4
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Kalinichenko LS, Abdel-Hafiz L, Wang AL, Mühle C, Rösel N, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Smaga I, Frankowska M, Filip M, Schaller G, Richter-Schmidinger T, Lenz B, Gulbins E, Kornhuber J, Oliveira AWC, Barros M, Huston JP, Müller CP. Neutral Sphingomyelinase is an Affective Valence-Dependent Regulator of Learning and Memory. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1316-1333. [PMID: 33043975 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids and enzymes of the sphingolipid rheostat determine synaptic appearance and signaling in the brain, but sphingolipid contribution to normal behavioral plasticity is little understood. Here we asked how the sphingolipid rheostat contributes to learning and memory of various dimensions. We investigated the role of these lipids in the mechanisms of two different types of memory, such as appetitively and aversively motivated memory, which are considered to be mediated by different neural mechanisms. We found an association between superior performance in short- and long-term appetitively motivated learning and regionally enhanced neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM) activity. An opposite interaction was observed in an aversively motivated task. A valence-dissociating role of NSM in learning was confirmed in mice with genetically reduced NSM activity. This role may be mediated by the NSM control of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit expression. In a translational approach, we confirmed a positive association of serum NSM activity with long-term appetitively motivated memory in nonhuman primates and in healthy humans. Altogether, these data suggest a new sphingolipid mechanism of de-novo learning and memory, which is based on NSM activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Laila Abdel-Hafiz
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - An-Li Wang
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Nadine Rösel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14558, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14558, Germany
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Frankowska
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Gerd Schaller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter-Schmidinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68159, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558, USA
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - André W C Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marilia Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF 70910-900, Brazil.,Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
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Pereira LC, Barros M. Social buffering of cortisol release and tympanic temperature asymmetries during novelty and isolation stress in marmoset monkeys. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147198. [PMID: 33166510 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel environments induce a conflicting emotional approach-withdrawal state that triggers stress-related reactions. Social support through the presence of a highly familiar conspecific buffers the individual against such challenges. Although aversive events seem to be predominantly processed by the right hemisphere, this is still under debate and little is known about functional cerebral asymmetries in nonhuman primates during novelty stress, isolation and social buffering. Here we isolated adult marmoset monkeys in a new open-field arena or in their familiar home-cages to establish hemisphere activity and whether the pairmate's presence buffers the response. Monkeys socially isolated in either location had higher circulating cortisol levels than non-isolated marmosets, but different hemisphere activity patterns indicated by changes in baseline tympanic membrane temperatures (TMT). The bilateral increase in the monkeys that were isolated in the unfamiliar location may reflect an approach-withdrawal conflict. The left-sided increase in the home-cage isolation group was negatively related to cortisol release, this being potentially associated with a more proactive/approach-prone temperament. Interestingly, TMT and cortisol were unaltered when the pairmate was present. Thus, positive social interaction reduces the perceived intensity of the threat, alters hemisphere asymmetries and blocks the hormonal response to novelty stress, consistent with a buffering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marilia Barros
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
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Pereira LC, Maior RS, Barros M. Time-Dependent Changes in Cortisol and Tympanic Temperature Lateralization During Food Deprivation Stress in Marmoset Monkeys. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:123. [PMID: 32765232 PMCID: PMC7378730 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal information about food availability can be easily entrained, as in the case of fixed feeding routines of captive animals. A sudden unintentional or deliberate delay (e.g., food deprivation—FD) leads to frustration and psychological stress due to the loss of temporal predictability. How marmosets—an increasingly used small primate—process and respond to FD stress has not been previously assessed. Here we delayed the routine feeding of adult captive marmosets for 3 or 6 h. Blood cortisol concentration was used as a hormonal measure of the stress response. Changes in the left/right baseline tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) were used as an indirect ipsilateral indicator of hemisphere activity. Marmosets that were deprived for 3 h had higher cortisol levels than non-deprived controls. Cortisol concentration in the marmosets deprived for 6 h did not differ from controls possibly due to adaptative mechanisms against the detrimental effects of prolonged high cortisol levels. Interestingly, FD stress may have been processed more symmetrically at first, as indicated by the bilateral increase in TMT at the 3 h interval. As the event progressed (i.e., 6 h), a clear rightward TMT bias suggests that hemisphere activity had become asymmetrical. Therefore, the sudden loss of temporal predictability of an entrained routine feeding schedule induces time-dependent changes in the cortisol stress response and shifts in the TMT (and potentially hemisphere activity) lateralization bias of adult captive marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Pereira
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Maior
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marilia Barros
- Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marilia Barros
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