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Inami S, Koh K. Sleep induced by mechanosensory stimulation provides cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602891. [PMID: 39026689 PMCID: PMC11257551 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Study Objectives Sleep is a complex phenomenon regulated by various factors, including sensory input. Anecdotal observations have suggested that gentle rocking helps babies fall asleep, and experimental studies have verified that rocking promotes sleep in both humans and mice. Recent studies have expanded this understanding, demonstrating that gentle vibration also induces sleep in Drosophila. Natural sleep serves multiple functions, including learning and memory, synaptic downscaling, and clearance of harmful substances associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether vibration-induced sleep provides similar cognitive and health benefits in Drosophila. Methods We administered gentle vibration to flies that slept very little due to a forced activation of wake-promoting neurons and investigated how the vibration influenced learning and memory in the courtship conditioning paradigm. Additionally, we examined the effects of VIS on synaptic downscaling by counting synapse numbers of select neurons. Finally, we determined whether vibration could induce sleep in Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and promote the clearance of Amyloid b (Ab) and Tubulin Associated Unit (TAU). Results Vibration-induced sleep enhanced performance in a courtship conditioning paradigm and reduced the number of synapses in select neurons. Moreover, vibration improved sleep in Drosophila models of AD, promoting the clearance of Ab and TAU. Conclusions Mechanosensory stimulation offers a promising non-invasive avenue for enhancing sleep, potentially providing associated cognitive and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Inami
- Department of Neuroscience and the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience and the Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University
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2
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Curry G, Cheung T, Zhang SD, Logue S, McAnena L, Price R, Sittlington JJ. Repeated electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) reduces severity in moderate to severe insomnia; a randomised, sham-controlled trial; the modius sleep study. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:782-793. [PMID: 38797370 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a prevalent health concern in the general population associated with a range of adverse health effects. New, effective, safe and low-cost treatments, suitable for long-term use, are urgently required. Previous studies have shown the potential of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) in improving insomnia symptoms, however only one sham-controlled trial has been conducted on people with chronic insomnia. OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Repeated VeNS delivered by the Modius Sleep device prior to sleep onset will show superior improvement in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores over a 4-week period compared to sham stimulation. METHODS In this double-blinded, multi-site, randomised, sham-controlled study, 147 participants with moderate to severe insomnia (ISI≥15) were recruited and allocated a VeNS or a sham device (1:1 ratio) which they were asked to use at home for 30 min daily (minimum 5 days per week) for 4 weeks. RESULTS After 4 weeks, mean ISI score reduction was 2.26 greater in the VeNS treatment group than the sham group (p = 0.002). In the per protocol analysis, the treatment group had a mean ISI score decrease of 5.8 (95 % CI [-6.8, -4.81], approaching the clinically meaningful threshold of a 6-point reduction, with over half achieving a clinically significant decrease. Furthermore, the treatment group showed superior improvement to the sham group in the SF-36 (Quality of Life) energy/fatigue component (PP p = 0.004, effect size 0.26; ITT p = 0.006, effect size 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Modius sleep has the potential to provide a viable, non-invasive and safe clinically meaningful alternative treatment option for insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Curry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China; The Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry, BT48 7JL, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Logue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Liadhan McAnena
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth Price
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Julie J Sittlington
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
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Breuss A, Strasser M, Nuoffer JM, Klein A, Perret-Hoigné E, Felder C, Stauffer R, Wolf P, Riener R, Gautschi M. Nocturnal vestibular stimulation using a rocking bed improves a severe sleep disorder in a patient with mitochondrial disease. J Sleep Res 2024:e14153. [PMID: 38499951 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are rare genetic disorders often accompanied by severe sleep disorders. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with a severe primary mitochondrial disease, exhibiting ataxia, spasticity, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, cardiomyopathy and severely disrupted sleep, but no cognitive impairment. Interestingly, his parents reported improved sleep during night train rides. Based on this observation, we installed a rocking bed in the patient's bedroom and performed different interventions, including immersive multimodal vestibular, kinesthetic and auditory stimuli, reminiscent of the sensory experiences encountered during train rides. Over a 5-month period, we conducted four 2-week nocturnal interventions, separated by 1-week washout phases, to determine the subjectively best-perceived stimulation parameters, followed by a final 4-week intervention using the optimal parameters. We assessed sleep duration and quality using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire, monitored pulse rate changes and used videography to document nocturnal interactions between the patient and caregivers. Patient-reported outcome measures, clinical examinations and personal outcomes of specific interests were used to document daytime sleepiness, restlessness, anxiety, fatigue, cognitive performance and physical posture. In the final 4-week intervention, sleep duration increased by 25%, required caregiver interactions reduced by 75%, and caregiving time decreased by 40%. Subjective fatigue, assessed by the Checklist Individual Strength, decreased by 40%, falling below the threshold of severe fatigue. Our study suggests that rocking beds could provide a promising treatment regime for selected patients with persistent severe sleep disorders. Further research is required to validate these findings in larger patient populations with sleep disorders and other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Breuss
- ETH Zurich, Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Strasser
- Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, and Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Klein
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Perret-Hoigné
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Felder
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Stauffer
- Institute for Physiotherapy, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wolf
- ETH Zurich, Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Riener
- ETH Zurich, Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Zurich, Switzerland
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gautschi
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, and Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Vulturar DM, Moacă LȘ, Chețan IM, Vesa ȘC, Alexescu TG, Grigorescu C, Trofor AC, Stoia MA, Nemes AF, Todea DA. Non-Pharmacological Intervention for Personalizing Sleep Quality through Gentle Rocking Motion. J Pers Med 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38392651 PMCID: PMC10890667 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving restorative sleep is crucial for overall well-being, yet sleep difficulties affect a substantial portion of the adult population. Sleep disturbances are associated with diminished quality of life, physical complaints, cognitive impairment, and emotional regulation challenges. OBJECTIVE This study explores the influence of an innovative experimental bed designed to generate rocking motions on sleep parameters. METHODS A prospective observational study enrolled 60 adult participants, assessing their sleep on a regular stationary bed and the Inoveris bed, providing gentle rocking movements. Polysomnography was conducted, recording electroencephalography, electrooculogram, electromyogram, respiratory effort, and other parameters. RESULTS The rocking bed significantly increased total sleep time (TST) and reduced N1 sleep stage duration (p < 0.001). Participants also experienced a quicker transition to the N2 sleep stage (p = 0.01), indicative of a faster shift from wakefulness to deeper sleep. Additionally, rocking led to a higher percentage of N1 sleep stages (p = 0.01) and a significant increase in N3 sleep stage duration (p = 0.004). While some results lacked statistical significance, notable trends in the rocking bed group have clinical relevance, consistently improving sleep parameters, including increased TST. The rocking bed also showed a trend towards higher sleep efficiency (SE) and sleep duration percentage, hinting at a potential overall enhancement in sleep quality. CONCLUSION This study contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of rocking motions on sleep architecture. Despite variations in outcomes across studies, our results underscore the potential of rocking beds as a non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing sleep quality. Notable improvements in total sleep time (TST), N1 sleep stage reduction, and accelerated transitions to deeper sleep stages highlight the clinical relevance of rocking interventions. Further research, collaboration, and addressing the identified limitations will advance our understanding of the therapeutic applications of rocking motions in sleep science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana-Maria Vulturar
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu-Ștefan Moacă
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Maria Chețan
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan Cristian Vesa
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu
- 4th Department Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Grigorescu
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Antigona Carmen Trofor
- Discipline of Pneumology, III-rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mirela-Anca Stoia
- 4th Department Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Doina-Adina Todea
- Department of Pneumology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400332 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Schreiner T, Petzka M, Staudigl T, Staresina BP. Respiration modulates sleep oscillations and memory reactivation in humans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8351. [PMID: 38110418 PMCID: PMC10728072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation relies on the precise interplay of slow oscillations and spindles. However, whether these rhythms are orchestrated by an underlying pacemaker has remained elusive. Here, we tested the relationship between respiration, which has been shown to impact brain rhythms and cognition during wake, sleep-related oscillations and memory reactivation in humans. We re-analysed an existing dataset, where scalp electroencephalography and respiration were recorded throughout an experiment in which participants (N = 20) acquired associative memories before taking a nap. Our results reveal that respiration modulates the emergence of sleep oscillations. Specifically, slow oscillations, spindles as well as their interplay (i.e., slow-oscillation_spindle complexes) systematically increase towards inhalation peaks. Moreover, the strength of respiration - slow-oscillation_spindle coupling is linked to the extent of memory reactivation (i.e., classifier evidence in favour of the previously learned stimulus category) during slow-oscillation_spindles. Our results identify a clear association between respiration and memory consolidation in humans and highlight the role of brain-body interactions during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schreiner
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Marit Petzka
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Staudigl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Bernhard P Staresina
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Micarelli A, Viziano A, Arena M, Misici I, Di Benedetto A, Carbini V, Micarelli B, Alessandrini M. Changes in sleep performance and chronotype behaviour after vestibular rehabilitation in unilateral vestibular hypofunction. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1349-1358. [PMID: 36524555 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate changes in sleep parameters and self-perceived sleep quality in unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants after vestibular rehabilitation. METHOD Forty-six unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants (before and after vestibular rehabilitation) along with a control group of 60 healthy patients underwent otoneurological examination, a one-week actigraphy sleep analysis and a series of self-report and performance measures. RESULTS After vestibular rehabilitation, unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants showed a significant score decrease in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, a self-rated reliable questionnaire depicting sleep quality during the last month, as well as a reduction in sleep onset latency and an increase in total sleep time, indicating an objective improvement in sleep quality as measured by actigraphy analysis. However, after vestibular rehabilitation, unilateral vestibular hypofunction participants still showed statistically significant differences with respect to the control group in both self-rated and objective measurements of sleep quality. CONCLUSION Vestibular rehabilitation may impact on sleep performance and chronotype behaviour, possibly by opposing long-term structural changes along neural pathways entangled in sleep activity because of the deafferentation of the vestibular nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - A Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, ENT Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - M Arena
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - I Misici
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Benedetto
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
- Occupational Therapy Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - V Carbini
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - B Micarelli
- Unit of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation and Sensory Organs, Uniter Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - M Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, ENT Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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7
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Iwamoto M, Yonekura S, Atsumi N, Hirabayashi S, Kanazawa H, Kuniyoshi Y. Respiratory entrainment of the locus coeruleus modulates arousal level to avoid physical risks from external vibration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7069. [PMID: 37127727 PMCID: PMC10151378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow rocking chairs can easily put people to sleep, while violent shaking, such as during earthquakes, may lead to rapid awakening. However, the influence of external body vibrations on arousal remains unclear. Herein, a computational model of a locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system and cardio-respiratory system were used to show that respiratory entrainment of the LC modulates arousal levels, which is an adaptation to avoid physical risks from external vibration. External vibrations of sinusoidal waves with different frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 20 [Hz] were applied to the LC based on the results of previous studies. We found that respiratory entrainment of the LC decreased the breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) to maintain the HR within its normal range. Furthermore, 1:1 phase locking enhanced arousal level while phase-amplitude coupling decreased it for larger vibration stimuli. These findings suggest that respiratory entrainment of the LC might automatically modulate cardio-respiratory system homeostasis and arousal levels for performance readiness (fight/flight or freeze) to avoid physical risks from larger external vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Iwamoto
- Human Science Research-Domain, Toyota Central R &D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.
| | - Shogo Yonekura
- Intelligent Systems and Informatics Laboratory, Mechano-Informatics Department of Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Noritoshi Atsumi
- Human Science Research-Domain, Toyota Central R &D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoko Hirabayashi
- Human Science Research-Domain, Toyota Central R &D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan
| | - Hoshinori Kanazawa
- Intelligent Systems and Informatics Laboratory, Mechano-Informatics Department of Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kuniyoshi
- Intelligent Systems and Informatics Laboratory, Mechano-Informatics Department of Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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Goothy SSK, Vijayaraghavan R, Chakraborty H. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS), compared to a sham control for the management of sleep in young adults. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:391-399. [PMID: 37017648 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2023-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preliminary research suggests that electrical vestibular nerve stimulation (VeNS) may improve sleep outcomes by influencing the hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei involved in regulating the circadian rhythm and wakefulness. This randomised, sham-controlled trial aimed to assess the effectiveness of VeNS on insomnia in young adults. METHODS Eighty adults aged 18-24 years were randomly allocated to the intervention (n=40) and control groups (n=40). The intervention group was provided with 30 min per day of VeNS with five sessions weekly for four weeks, while the control group received sham stimulation for the same period. Baseline Insomnia Sleep Index (ISI) scores were recorded weekly. At baseline and at day 28, questionnaires to evaluate emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress, and quality of life (QoL) were completed. The primary outcome was change in ISI with comparison between baseline and day 28. RESULTS The VeNS group significantly reduced their mean ISI score after 7 days usage (p<0.001). At day 28 it was found that mean ISI scores had reduced from 19 to 11 in the VeNS group, and from 19 to 18 in the sham group, and the difference between the groups was significant (p<0.001). Moreover, application of VeNS appeared to significantly improve emotional state and QoL outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrates that regular VeNS usage over four weeks leads to a clinically meaningful decrease in ISI scores in young adults with insomnia. VeNS may have potential as a drug-free and non-invasive therapy to improve sleep outcomes by positively influencing the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy
- Department of Physiology, Sri Madhusudan Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Muddenahalli, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Hirok Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India
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Fan Z, Suzuki Y, Jiang L, Okabe S, Honda S, Endo J, Watanabe T, Abe T. Peripheral blood flow estimated by laser doppler flowmetry provides additional information about sleep state beyond that provided by pulse rate variability. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1040425. [PMID: 36776965 PMCID: PMC9908953 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulse rate variability (PRV), derived from Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) or photoplethysmography, has recently become widely used for sleep state assessment, although it cannot identify all the sleep stages. Peripheral blood flow (BF), also estimated by LDF, may be modulated by sleep stages; however, few studies have explored its potential for assessing sleep state. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether peripheral BF could provide information about sleep stages, and thus improve sleep state assessment. We performed electrocardiography and simultaneously recorded BF signals by LDF from the right-index finger and ear concha of 45 healthy participants (13 women; mean age, 22.5 ± 3.4 years) during one night of polysomnographic recording. Time- and frequency-domain parameters of peripheral BF, and time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear indices of PRV and heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated. Finger-BF parameters in the time and frequency domains provided information about different sleep stages, some of which (such as the difference between N1 and rapid eye movement sleep) were not revealed by finger-PRV. In addition, finger-PRV patterns and HRV patterns were similar for most parameters. Further, both finger- and ear-BF results showed 0.2-0.3 Hz oscillations that varied with sleep stages, with a significant increase in N3, suggesting a modulation of respiration within this frequency band. These results showed that peripheral BF could provide information for different sleep stages, some of which was complementary to the information provided by PRV. Furthermore, the combination of peripheral BF and PRV may be more advantageous than HRV alone in assessing sleep states and related autonomic nervous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Fan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Foreign Researcher, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Like Jiang
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satomi Okabe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Abe
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Thankachan S, Yang C, Kastanenka KV, Bacskai BJ, Gerashchenko D. Low frequency visual stimulation enhances slow wave activity without disrupting the sleep pattern in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12278. [PMID: 35853986 PMCID: PMC9296645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive stimulation technologies are emerging as potential treatment options for a range of neurodegenerative disorders. Experimental evidence suggests that stimuli-evoked changes in slow brain rhythms may mitigate or even prevent neuropathological and behavioral impairments. Slow wave activity is prevalent during sleep and can be triggered non-invasively by sensory stimulation targeting the visual system or directly via activation of neurons locally using optogenetics. Here, we developed new tools for delivering visual stimulation using light-emitting diodes in freely moving mice while awake and during sleep. We compared these tools to traditional optogenetic approaches used for local stimulation of neurons in the cerebral cortex. We then used these tools to compare the effects of low-frequency visual versus optogenetic stimulations on the slow wave activity and sleep pattern in mice. Visual stimulation effectively enhanced slow wave activity without disrupting the sleep pattern. Optogenetic stimulation of cortical GABAergic neurons increased NREM sleep. These results suggest that visual stimulation can be effective at boosting slow wave activity without having adverse effects on sleep and thus holds great potential as a non-invasive stimulation treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Thankachan
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - Ksenia V Kastanenka
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Brian J Bacskai
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA.
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11
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Micarelli A, Viziano A, Pistillo R, Granito I, Micarelli B, Alessandrini M. Sleep Performance and Chronotype Behavior in Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2341-2347. [PMID: 34191310 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate sleep behavior and its relation to otoneurological parameters in a group of patients with chronic unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH) without self-reported sleep disturbances when compared with healthy subjects serving as a control group (CG). METHODS Fifty-one patients affected by UVH underwent a retrospective clinical and instrumental otoneurological examination, a 1-week actigraphy sleep analysis, and a series of self-report and performance measures (SRM/PM). A CG of 60 gender- and age-matched healthy subjects was also enrolled. A between-group analysis of variance was performed for each variable, while correlation analysis was performed in UVH patients between otoneurological, SRM/PM, and actigraphy measure scores. RESULTS When compared with CG subjects, UVH patients were found to be spending less time sleeping and taking more time to go from being fully awake to asleep, based on actigraphy-based sleep analysis. Also, SRM/PM depicted UVH patients to have poor sleep quality and to be more prone to an evening-type behavior. Correlations were found between vestibular-related functionality indexes and subjective sleep quality, as well as between longer disease duration and reduced sleep time. CONCLUSION For the first time, a multiparametric sleep analysis was performed on a large population-based sample of chronic UVH patients. While a different pattern in sleep behavior was found, the cause is still unclear. Further research is needed to expand the extent of knowledge about sleep disruption in vestibular disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Micarelli
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy.,ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Viziano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistillo
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Granito
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Micarelli
- ITER Center for Balance and Rehabilitation Research (ICBRR), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Alessandrini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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van Sluijs R, Wilhelm E, Rondei Q, Omlin X, Crivelli F, Straumann D, Jäger L, Riener R, Achermann P. Gentle rocking movements during sleep in the elderly. J Sleep Res 2020; 29:e12989. [PMID: 32061115 PMCID: PMC7757236 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular stimulation in the form of rocking movements could be a promising non‐pharmacological intervention for populations with reduced sleep quality, such as the elderly. We hypothesized that rocking movements influence sleep by promoting comfort. We assessed whether gentle rocking movements can facilitate the transition from wake to sleep, increase sleep spindle density and promote deep sleep in elderly people. We assessed self‐reported comfort using a pilot protocol including translational movements and movements along a pendulum trajectory with peak linear accelerations between 0.10 and 0.20 m/s2. We provided whole‐night stimulation using the settings rated most comfortable during the pilot study (movements along a pendulum trajectory with peak linear acceleration of 0.15 m/s2). Sleep measures (polysomnography) of two baseline and two movement nights were compared. In our sample (n = 19; eight female; mean age: 66.7 years, standard deviation: 3 years), vestibular stimulation using preferred stimulation settings did not improve sleep. A reduction of delta power was observed, suggesting reduced sleep depth during rocking movements. Sleep fragmentation was similar in both conditions. We did not observe a sleep‐promoting effect using settings optimized to be comfortable. This finding could imply that comfort is not the underlying mechanism. At frequencies below 0.3 Hz, the otoliths cannot distinguish tilt from translation. Translational movement trajectories, such as used in previous studies reporting positive effects of rocking, could have caused sensory confusion due to a mismatch between vestibular and other sensory information. We propose that this sensory confusion might be essential to the sleep‐promoting effect of rocking movements described in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel van Sluijs
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Wilhelm
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Quincy Rondei
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ximena Omlin
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesco Crivelli
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Jäger
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Riener
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sensory-Motor Systems Laboratory, Institute of Robotic and Intelligent Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, The KEY Institute for Brain Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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