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Xie L, Zhao J, Li Y, Bai J. PET brain imaging in neurological disorders. Phys Life Rev 2024; 49:100-111. [PMID: 38574584 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Brain disorders are a series of conditions with damage or loss of neurons, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), or drug dependence. These individuals have gradual deterioration of cognitive, motor, and other central nervous system functions affected. This degenerative trajectory is intricately associated with dysregulations in neurotransmitter systems. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging, employing radiopharmaceuticals and molecular imaging techniques, emerges as a crucial tool for detecting brain biomarkers. It offers invaluable insights for early diagnosis and distinguishing brain disorders. This article comprehensively reviews the application and progress of conventional and novel PET imaging agents in diagnosing brain disorders. Furthermore, it conducts a thorough analysis on merits and limitations. The article also provides a forward-looking perspective in the future development directions of PET imaging agents for diagnosing brain disorders and proposes potential innovative strategies. It aims to furnish clinicians and researchers with an all-encompassing overview of the latest advancements and forthcoming trends in the utilization of PET imaging for diagnosing brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- Faculty of Life science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Jihua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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Chong A, Ha JM, Chung JY, Kim H, Choo ILH. Modified RCTU Score: A Semi-Quantitative, Visual Tool for Predicting Alzheimer's Conversion from aMCI. Brain Sci 2024; 14:132. [PMID: 38391707 PMCID: PMC10886563 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This research evaluated the modified RCTU score, derived from amyloid PET scans, for predicting the progression from amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). aMCI patients underwent baseline evaluations, including amyloid PET. AD conversion was identified through neuropsychological tests after observation. The RCTU was modified by segmenting frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes into left and right, resulting in seven areas. Scores from both modified and conventional RCTU were analyzed and compared. Among 45 patients, 12 progressed to AD (over 17.8 ± 6.8 months). AD converters showed higher scores in modified RCTU scores. Modified RCTU score had strong correlations with amyloid SUVR (r > 0.7). Modified RCTU sum score was the significant covariate of AD conversion. Modified RCTU could determine the asymmetry of amyloid deposits. We demonstrated that symmetric deposits of amyloid showed a higher risk for AD conversion when analyzed using modified RCTU. The modified RCTU score is a promising method for predicting AD conversion, correlating strongly with amyloid SUVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ha
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Chung
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoowon Kim
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - I L Han Choo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Chosun University/Chosun University Hospital, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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Sun X, Zhao C, Chen SY, Chang Y, Han YL, Li K, Sun HM, Wang ZF, Liang Y, Jia JJ. Free Water MR Imaging of White Matter Microstructural Changes is a Sensitive Marker of Amyloid Positivity in Alzheimer's Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 38100518 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular free water (FW) resulting from white matter degeneration limits the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD). PURPOSE To evaluate the sensitivity of FW-DTI in detecting white matter microstructural changes in AD. To validate the effectiveness of FW-DTI indices to predict amyloid-beta (Aβ) positivity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Thirty-eight Aβ-negative cognitively healthy (CH) controls (68.74 ± 8.28 years old, 55% female), 15 Aβ-negative MCI patients (MCI-n) (68.87 ± 8.83 years old, 60% female), 29 Aβ-positive MCI patients (MCI-p) (73.03 ± 7.05 years old, 52% female), and 29 Aβ-positive AD patients (72.93 ± 9.11 years old, 55% female). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0T; DTI, T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted, T2 star-weighted angiography, and Aβ PET (18 F-florbetaben or 11 C-PIB). ASSESSMENT FW-corrected and standard diffusion indices were analyzed using trace-based spatial statistics. Area under the curve (AUC) in distinguishing MCI subtypes were compared using support vector machine (SVM). STATISTICAL TESTS Chi-squared test, one-way analysis of covariance, general linear regression analyses, nonparametric permutation tests, partial Pearson's correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and linear SVM. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared with CH/MCI-n/MCI-p, AD showed significant change in tissue compartment indices of FW-DTI. No difference was found in the FW index among pair-wise group comparisons (the minimum FWE-corrected P = 0.114). There was a significant association between FW-DTI indices and memory and visuospatial function. The SVM classifier with tissue radial diffusivity as an input feature had the best classification performance of MCI subtypes (AUC = 0.91), and the classifying accuracy of FW-DTI was all over 89.89%. DATA CONCLUSION FW-DTI indices prove to be potential biomarkers of AD. The classification of MCI subtypes based on SVM and FW-DTI indices has good accuracy and could help early diagnosis. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Liang Han
- Department of Neurology, The 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Fu Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mohammadi I, Adibparsa M, Najafi A, Sehat MS, Sadeghi M. A systematic review with meta-analysis to assess Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in adults with or without obstructive sleep apnoea. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100814. [PMID: 37776696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim was to design a meta-analysis evaluating the positron emission tomography (PET) uptake and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), circulating levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), and tau proteins OSA group versus control group, as well as the association of these biomarkers with the severity of OSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four databases were searched until April 17, 2023, without any restrictions. The effect sizes were the standardized mean difference (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 21 articles were entered into the meta-analysis. The pooled SMDs of the CSF levels in OSA adults compared to controls were: -0.82 (P=0.004) for Aβ42, -1.13 (P<0.001) for Aβ40, 0.17 (P=0.23) for p-tau, 0.04 (P=0.65) for t-tau, 0.08 (P=0.89) for Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, and 0.81 (P=0.001) for t-tau/Aβ42 ratio. The pooled SMD for the PET uptake of Aβ burden in OSA adults compared to controls was 0.30 (P=0.03). The pooled SMDs of the circulating levels in OSA adults compared to controls were: 0.67 (P=0.002) for Aβ42, 0.11 (P=0.82) for Aβ40, 0.35 (P=0.06) for p-tau, and 1.41(P=0.005) for t-tau. The pooled SMDs for levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, total Aβ, p-tau, t-tau, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in severe OSA adults compared to mild/moderate OSA adults were -0.15 (P=0.33), 0.25 (P=35), 0.04 (P=87), -2.53 (P=0.24), -0.24 (P=0.52), and -0.28 (P=0.30), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that CSF levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in OSA adults were significantly lower, but the CSF level of t-tau/Aβ42 ratio and PET Aβ burden uptake in OSA adults significantly were higher than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mohammadi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Adibparsa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Najafi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soroush Sehat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81746-73461 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67144-15185 Kermanshah, Iran.
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Patterns of Focal Amyloid Deposition Using 18F-Florbetaben PET in Patients with Cognitive Impairment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061357. [PMID: 35741166 PMCID: PMC9221882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain is considered the first pathological event within the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It is difficult to accurately identify the initial brain regions of Aβ accumulation due to the time-lag between the start of the pathophysiology and symptom onset. However, focal regional amyloid uptake on amyloid PET scans may provide insights into this. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the topographic distribution of amyloid deposition in patients with cognitive impairment and to identify the starting order of amyloid accumulation in the brain using conditional probability. We enrolled 58 patients composed of 9 normal cognition (NC), 32 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 dementia showing focal regional amyloid deposition corresponding to a brain amyloid plaque load (BAPL) score of 2 among those who visited the Memory Clinic of Asan Medical Center and underwent an 18F-florbetaben PET scan (March 2013 to April 2019). Regions of interest (ROI) included the frontal, parietal, lateral temporal, and occipital cortices, the posterior cingulate/precuneus, and the striatum. The most frequent occurrence of Aβ deposition was in the posterior cingulate/precuneus (n = 41, 68.3%). The second most frequent site was the lateral temporal cortex (n = 24, 40.0%), followed by the lateral parietal cortex (n = 21, 35.6%) and other lesions, such as the frontal and occipital cortices. The striatum was the least frequently affected. Our study found that the posterior cingulate/precuneus and the lateral temporal and parietal cortices may be the earliest areas to be affected by Aβ accumulation. Longitudinal follow-up of focal brain amyloid deposition may help elucidate the evolutionary pattern of Aβ accumulation in the brain of people with AD continuum.
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Krasnovskaya O, Spector D, Zlobin A, Pavlov K, Gorelkin P, Erofeev A, Beloglazkina E, Majouga A. Metals in Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9190. [PMID: 33276505 PMCID: PMC7730413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma, which occurs 7-15 years before the onset of cognitive symptoms of the pathology. Timely diagnostics of amyloid formations allows identifying AD at an early stage and initiating inhibitor therapy, delaying the progression of the disease. However, clinically used radiopharmaceuticals based on 11C and 18F are synchrotron-dependent and short-lived. The design of new metal-containing radiopharmaceuticals for AD visualization is of interest. The development of coordination compounds capable of effectively crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) requires careful selection of a ligand moiety, a metal chelating scaffold, and a metal cation, defining the method of supposed Aβ visualization. In this review, we have summarized metal-containing drugs for positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of Alzheimer's disease. The obtained data allow assessing the structure-ability to cross the BBB ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krasnovskaya
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil Spector
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Zlobin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Kirill Pavlov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Peter Gorelkin
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1,3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.Z.); (K.P.); (P.G.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Leninskiy Prospect 4, 101000 Moscow, Russia
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Ploshchad’ 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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