1
|
Yang C, Liu G, Chen X, Le W. Cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging research frontier. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e638. [PMID: 39006764 PMCID: PMC11245631 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is crucial for both motor and nonmotor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD), alongside other dementias such as vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), as well as other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA), are characterized by specific and non-specific neurodegenerations in central nervous system. Previously, the cerebellum's significance in these conditions was underestimated. However, advancing research has elevated its profile as a critical node in disease pathology. We comprehensively review the existing evidence to elucidate the relationship between cerebellum and the aforementioned diseases. Our findings reveal a growing body of research unequivocally establishing a link between the cerebellum and AD, other forms of dementia, and other NDs, supported by clinical evidence, pathological and biochemical profiles, structural and functional neuroimaging data, and electrophysiological findings. By contrasting cerebellar observations with those from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, we highlight the cerebellum's distinct role in the disease processes. Furthermore, we also explore the emerging therapeutic potential of targeting cerebellum for the treatment of these diseases. This review underscores the importance of the cerebellum in these diseases, offering new insights into the disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Guangdong Liu
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salazar Leon LE, Brown AM, Kaku H, Sillitoe RV. Purkinje cell dysfunction causes disrupted sleep in ataxic mice. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050379. [PMID: 38563553 PMCID: PMC11190574 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purkinje cell dysfunction disrupts movement and causes disorders such as ataxia. Recent evidence suggests that Purkinje cell dysfunction may also alter sleep regulation. Here, we used an ataxic mouse model generated by silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission (L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx) to better understand how cerebellar dysfunction impacts sleep physiology. We focused our analysis on sleep architecture and electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns based on their relevance to extracting physiological measurements during sleep. We found that circadian activity was unaltered in the mutant mice, although their sleep parameters and ECoG patterns were modified. The L7Cre;Vgatfx/fx mutant mice had decreased wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, whereas non-REM sleep was increased. The mutants had an extended latency to REM sleep, which is also observed in human patients with ataxia. Spectral analysis of ECoG signals revealed alterations in the power distribution across different frequency bands defining sleep. Therefore, Purkinje cell dysfunction may influence wakefulness and equilibrium of distinct sleep stages in ataxia. Our findings posit a connection between cerebellar dysfunction and disrupted sleep and underscore the importance of examining cerebellar circuit function in sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Salazar Leon
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amanda M. Brown
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Heet Kaku
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inderyas M, Thapaliya K, Marshall-Gradisnik S, Barth M, Barnden L. Subcortical and default mode network connectivity is impaired in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1318094. [PMID: 38347875 PMCID: PMC10859529 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1318094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex chronic condition with core symptoms of fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting a key role for the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of this disease. Several studies have reported altered functional connectivity (FC) related to motor and cognitive deficits in ME/CFS patients. In this study, we compared functional connectivity differences between 31 ME/CFS and 15 healthy controls (HCs) using 7 Tesla MRI. Functional scans were acquired during a cognitive Stroop color-word task, and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) time series were computed for 27 regions of interest (ROIs) in the cerebellum, brainstem, and salience and default mode networks. A region-based comparison detected reduced FC between the pontine nucleus and cerebellum vermis IX (p = 0.027) for ME/CFS patients compared to HCs. Our ROI-to-voxel analysis found significant impairment of FC within the ponto-cerebellar regions in ME/CFS. Correlation analyses of connectivity with clinical scores in ME/CFS patients detected associations between FC and 'duration of illness' and 'memory scores' in salience network hubs and cerebellum vermis and between FC and 'respiratory rate' within the medulla and the default mode network FC. This novel investigation is the first to report the extensive involvement of aberrant ponto-cerebellar connections consistent with ME/CFS symptomatology. This highlights the involvement of the brainstem and the cerebellum in the pathomechanism of ME/CFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira Inderyas
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiran Thapaliya
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Markus Barth
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leighton Barnden
- National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Urushihata T, Goto M, Kabetani K, Kiyozuka M, Maruyama S, Tsuji S, Tada H, Satoh A. Evaluation of cellular activity in response to sleep deprivation by a comprehensive analysis of the whole mouse brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1252689. [PMID: 37928729 PMCID: PMC10620513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1252689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) causes several adverse functional outcomes, and understanding the associated processes can improve quality of life. Although the effects of SD on neuronal activity in several brain regions have been identified, a comprehensive evaluation of the whole brain is still lacking. Hence, we performed SD using two different methods, gentle handling and a dedicated chamber, in targeted recombination in active populations 2 (TRAP2) mice crossed with Rosa-ZsGreen reporter mice and visualized cellular activity in the whole brain. Using the semi-automated post-imaging analysis tool Slice Histology Alignment, Registration, and Cell Quantification (SHARCQ), the number of activated cells was quantified. From the analysis of 14 brain regions, cellular activity was significantly increased in the olfactory areas and decreased in the medulla by the two SD methods. From the analysis of the further subdivided 348 regions, cellular activity was significantly increased in the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, lateral hypothalamic area, parabigeminal nucleus, ventral tegmental area, and magnocellular reticular nucleus, and decreased in the anterior part of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus, nucleus accumbens, septohippocampal nucleus, reticular nucleus of the thalamus, preoptic part of the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial preoptic nucleus, rostral linear nucleus raphe, facial motor nucleus, vestibular nuclei, and some fiber tracts (oculomotor nerve, genu of corpus callosum, and rubrospinal tract) by the two SD methods. Two subdivided regions of the striatum (caudoputamen and other striatum), epithalamus, vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, anteroventral preoptic nucleus, superior colliculus optic layer, medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract, pontine gray, and fiber tracts (medial lemniscus, columns of the fornix, brachium of the inferior colliculus, and mammillary peduncle) were differentially affected by the two SD methods. Most brain regions detected from these analyses have been reported to be involved in regulating sleep/wake regulatory circuits. Moreover, the results from the connectivity analysis indicated that the connectivity of cellular activity among brain regions was altered by SD. Together, such a comprehensive analysis of the whole brain is useful for understanding the mechanisms by which SD and/or sleep disruption affects brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Urushihata
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Mio Goto
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Keiko Kabetani
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Mai Kiyozuka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
| | - Shiho Maruyama
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsuji
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tada
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Satoh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo W, Mao X, Han D, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang G, Zhang N, Nie B, Li H, Song Y, Wu Y, Chang L. Sleep deprivation aggravated amyloid β oligomers-induced damage to the cerebellum of rats: Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging. AGING BRAIN 2023; 4:100091. [PMID: 37600754 PMCID: PMC10432242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For quite a long time, researches on Alzheimer's disease (AD) primarily focused on the cortex and hippocampus, while the cerebellum has been ignored because of its abnormalities considered to appear in the late stage of AD. In recent years, increasing evidence suggest that the cerebellar pathological changes possibly occur in the preclinical phase of AD, which is also associated with sleep disorder. Sleep disturbance is a high risk factor of AD. However, the changes and roles of cerebellum has rarely been reported under conditions of AD accompanied with sleep disorders. In this study, using an amyloid-β oligomers (AβO)-induced rat model of AD subjected to sleep deprivation, combining with a 7.0 T animals structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we assessed structural changes of cerebellum in MRI. Our results showed that sleep deprivation combined with AβO led to an increased FA value in the anterior lobe of cerebellum, decreased ADC value in the cerebellar lobes and cerebellar nuclei, and increased cerebellum volume. Besides that, sleep deprivation exacerbated the damage of AβO to the cerebellar structural network. This study demonstrated that sleep deprivation could aggravate the damage to cerebellum induced by AβO. The present findings provide supporting evidence for the involvement of cerebellum in the early pathology of AD and sleep loss. Our data would contribute to advancing the understanding of the mysterious role of cerebellum in AD and sleep disorders, as well as would be helpful for developing non-invasive MRI biomarkers for screening early AD patients with self-reported sleep disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanning Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guitao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salazar Leon LE, Brown AM, Kaku H, Sillitoe RV. Purkinje cell dysfunction causes disrupted sleep in ataxic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547586. [PMID: 37461479 PMCID: PMC10350025 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purkinje cell dysfunction causes movement disorders such as ataxia, however, recent evidence suggests that Purkinje cell dysfunction may also alter sleep regulation. Here, we used an ataxia mouse model generated by silencing Purkinje cell neurotransmission ( L7 Cre ;Vgat fx/fx ) to better understand how cerebellar dysfunction impacts sleep physiology. We focused our analysis on sleep architecture and electrocorticography (ECoG) patterns based on their relevance to extracting physiological measurements during sleep. We found that circadian activity is unaltered in the mutant mice, although their sleep parameters and ECoG patterns are modified. The L7 Cre ;Vgat fx/fx mutant mice have decreased wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is increased. The mutant mice have an extended latency to REM sleep, which is also observed in human ataxia patients. Spectral analysis of ECoG signals revealed alterations in the power distribution across different frequency bands defining sleep. Therefore, Purkinje cell dysfunction may influence wakefulness and equilibrium of distinct sleep stages in ataxia. Our findings posit a connection between cerebellar dysfunction and disrupted sleep and underscore the importance of examining cerebellar circuit function in sleep disorders. Summary Statement Utilizing a precise genetic mouse model of ataxia, we provide insights into the cerebellum's role in sleep regulation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for motor disorders-related sleep disruptions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu H, Wang M, Yang Q, Xu X, Zhang R, Chen X, Le W. The electrophysiological and neuropathological profiles of cerebellum in APP swe /PS1 ΔE9 mice: A hypothesis on the role of cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:2365-2375. [PMID: 36469008 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We propose the hypothesis that the cerebellar electrophysiology and sleep-wake cycles may be altered at the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), proceeding the amyloid-β neuropathological hallmarks. The electrophysiologic characteristics of cerebellum thereby might be served as a biomarker in the prepathological detection of AD. Sleep disturbances are common in preclinical AD patients, and the cerebellum has been implicated in sleep-wake regulation by several pioneer studies. Additionally, recent studies suggest that the structure and function of the cerebellum may be altered at the early stages of AD, indicating that the cerebellum may be involved in the disease's progression. We used APPswe /PS1ΔE9 mice as a model of AD, monitored and analyzed electroencephalogram data, and assessed neuropathological profiles in the cerebellum of AD mice. Our hypothesis may establish a linkage between the cerebellum and AD, thereby potentially providing new perspectives on the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiu Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojiao Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benarroch E. What Is the Involvement of the Cerebellum During Sleep? Neurology 2023; 100:572-577. [PMID: 36941065 PMCID: PMC10033165 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
|
9
|
Leon LES, Sillitoe RV. Disrupted sleep in dystonia depends on cerebellar function but not motor symptoms in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527916. [PMID: 36798256 PMCID: PMC9934608 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although dystonia is the third most common movement disorder, patients often also experience debilitating nonmotor defects including impaired sleep. The cerebellum is a central component of a "dystonia network" that plays various roles in sleep regulation. Importantly, the primary driver of sleep impairments in dystonia remains poorly understood. The cerebellum, along with other nodes in the motor circuit, could disrupt sleep. However, it is unclear how the cerebellum might alter sleep and mobility. To disentangle the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motion and sleep, we generated two mouse genetic models of dystonia that have overlapping cerebellar circuit miswiring but show differing motor phenotype severity: Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx and Pdx1 Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice. In both models, excitatory climbing fiber to Purkinje cell neurotransmission is blocked, but only the Ptf1a Cre ;Vglut2 fx/fx mice have severe twisting. Using in vivo ECoG and EMG recordings we found that both mutants spend greater time awake and in NREM sleep at the expense of REM sleep. The increase in awake time is driven by longer awake bouts rather than an increase in bout number. We also found a longer latency to reach REM in both mutants, which is similar to what is reported in human dystonia. We uncovered independent but parallel roles for cerebellar circuit dysfunction and motor defects in promoting sleep quality versus posture impairments in dystonia.
Collapse
|
10
|
State-dependent and region-specific alterations of cerebellar connectivity across stable human wakefulness and NREM sleep states. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119823. [PMID: 36535322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep regulation and functioning may rely on systematic coordination throughout the whole brain, including the cerebellum. However, whether and how interactions between the cerebellum and other brain regions vary across sleep stages remain poorly understood. Here, using simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings captured from 73 participants during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, we constructed cerebellar connectivity among intrinsic functional networks with intra-cerebellar, neocortical and subcortical regions. We uncovered that cerebellar connectivity exhibited sleep-dependent alterations: slight differences between wakefulness and N1/N2 sleep and greater changes in N3 sleep than other states. Region-specific cerebellar connectivity changes between N2 sleep and N3 sleep were also revealed: general breakdown of intra-cerebellar connectivity, enhancement of limbic-cerebellar connectivity and alterations of cerebellar connectivity with spatially specific neocortices. Further correlation analysis showed that functional connectivity between the cerebellar Control II network and regions (including the insula, hippocampus, and amygdala) correlated with delta power during N3 and beta power during N2 sleep. These findings systematically reveal altered cerebellar connectivity among intrinsic networks from wakefulness to deep sleep and highlight the potential role of the cerebellum in sleep regulation and functioning.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cheng C, Yang C, Jia C, Wang Q. The Role of Cerebellum in Alzheimer's Disease: A Forgotten Research Corner. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:75-78. [PMID: 37458038 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, and progressive neurodegenerative dementia. Although the majority of AD research has primarily focused on disease-associated alterations of the cortex and hippocampus in the cerebrum, emerging evidence has highlighted the cerebellum's involvement in sleep, cognition, and AD. In this commentary, we discuss a recently published article in Alzheimer's and Dementia, which examines changes in cerebellar electrophysiology, sleep-wake cycles, and neuropathology in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. We also explore the potential role of the cerebellum in AD, offering a fresh perspective on the study of cerebellar involvement in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratories for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Congcong Jia
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratories for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingshan Wang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soltani A, Schworer EK, Esbensen AJ. The Mediatory Role of Executive Functioning on the Association Between Sleep and Both Everyday Memory and ADHD Symptoms in Children and Youth With Down Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 128:82-95. [PMID: 36548372 PMCID: PMC9793936 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-128.1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience challenges with sleep, executive functioning, everyday memory, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A path analysis was conducted to determine if executive function mediated the relationship between sleep problems and both everyday memory and ADHD symptoms. Parents of 96 children and youth with DS completed questionnaires related to sleep, executive functioning, everyday memory, and ADHD symptoms. Results showed that executive functioning fully mediated the relation between sleep and both everyday memory and ADHD symptoms. Implications for education and intervention for children and youth with DS are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanallah Soltani
- Department of Educational Psychology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Emily K. Schworer
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna J. Esbensen
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salazar Leon LE, Sillitoe RV. Potential Interactions Between Cerebellar Dysfunction and Sleep Disturbances in Dystonia. DYSTONIA 2022; 1. [PMID: 37065094 PMCID: PMC10099477 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2022.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder. It causes debilitating twisting postures that are accompanied by repetitive and sometimes intermittent co- or over-contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles. Historically diagnosed as a basal ganglia disorder, dystonia is increasingly considered a network disorder involving various brain regions including the cerebellum. In certain etiologies of dystonia, aberrant motor activity is generated in the cerebellum and the abnormal signals then propagate through a “dystonia circuit” that includes the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Importantly, it has been reported that non-motor defects can accompany the motor symptoms; while their severity is not always correlated, it is hypothesized that common pathways may nevertheless be disrupted. In particular, circadian dysfunction and disordered sleep are common non-motor patient complaints in dystonia. Given recent evidence suggesting that the cerebellum contains a circadian oscillator, displays sleep-stage-specific neuronal activity, and sends robust long-range projections to several subcortical regions involved in circadian rhythm regulation, disordered sleep in dystonia may result from cerebellum-mediated dysfunction of the dystonia circuit. Here, we review the evidence linking dystonia, cerebellar network dysfunction, and cerebellar involvement in sleep. Together, these ideas may form the basis for the development of improved pharmacological and surgical interventions that could take advantage of cerebellar circuitry to restore normal motor function as well as non-motor (sleep) behaviors in dystonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E. Salazar Leon
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Roy V. Sillitoe, Tel: 832-824-8913, Fax: 832-825-1251,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujiyama T, Takenaka H, Asano F, Miyanishi K, Hotta-Hirashima N, Ishikawa Y, Kanno S, Seoane-Collazo P, Miwa H, Hoshino M, Yanagisawa M, Funato H. Mice Lacking Cerebellar Cortex and Related Structures Show a Decrease in Slow-Wave Activity With Normal Non-REM Sleep Amount and Sleep Homeostasis. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:910461. [PMID: 35722192 PMCID: PMC9203121 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.910461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known motor control, the cerebellum has recently been implicated in memory, cognition, addiction, and social behavior. Given that the cerebellum contains more neurons than the cerebral cortex and has tight connections to the thalamus and brainstem nuclei, it is possible that the cerebellum also regulates sleep/wakefulness. However, the role of the cerebellum in sleep was unclear, since cerebellar lesion studies inevitably involved massive inflammation in the adjacent brainstem, and sleep changes in lesion studies were not consistent with each other. Here, we examine the role of the cerebellum in sleep and wakefulness using mesencephalon- and rhombomere 1-specific Ptf1a conditional knockout (Ptf1a cKO) mice, which lack the cerebellar cortex and its related structures, and exhibit ataxic gait. Ptf1a cKO mice had similar wake and non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) time as control mice and showed reduced slow wave activity during wakefulness, NREMS and REMS. Ptf1a cKO mice showed a decrease in REMS time during the light phase and had increased NREMS delta power in response to 6 h of sleep deprivation, as did control mice. Ptf1a cKO mice also had similar numbers of sleep spindles and fear memories as control mice. Thus, the cerebellum does not appear to play a major role in sleep-wake control, but may be involved in the generation of slow waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujiyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Henri Takenaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Asano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriko Hotta-Hirashima
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ishikawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satomi Kanno
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hideki Miwa
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Masashi Yanagisawa
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hiromasa Funato
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Environmentally Toxic Solid Nanoparticles in Noradrenergic and Dopaminergic Nuclei and Cerebellum of Metropolitan Mexico City Children and Young Adults with Neural Quadruple Misfolded Protein Pathologies and High Exposures to Nano Particulate Matter. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040164. [PMID: 35448425 PMCID: PMC9028025 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau, beta-amyloid, α-synuclein and TDP-43 neuropathology and metal solid nanoparticles (NPs) are documented in the brains of children and young adults exposed to Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) pollution. We investigated environmental NPs reaching noradrenergic and dopaminergic nuclei and the cerebellum and their associated ultrastructural alterations. Here, we identify NPs in the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigrae (SN) and cerebellum by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 197 samples from 179 MMC residents, aged 25.9 ± 9.2 years and seven older adults aged 63 ± 14.5 years. Fe, Ti, Hg, W, Al and Zn spherical and acicular NPs were identified in the SN, LC and cerebellar neural and vascular mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, neuromelanin, heterochromatin and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) along with early and progressive neurovascular damage and cerebellar endothelial erythrophagocytosis. Strikingly, FeNPs 4 ± 1 nm and Hg NPs 8 ± 2 nm were seen predominantly in the LC and SN. Nanoparticles could serve as a common denominator for misfolded proteins and could play a role in altering and obstructing NPCs. The NPs/carbon monoxide correlation is potentially useful for evaluating early neurodegeneration risk in urbanites. Early life NP exposures pose high risk to brains for development of lethal neurologic outcomes. NP emissions sources ought to be clearly recognized, regulated, and monitored; future generations are at stake.
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie W, Shu Y, Liu X, Li K, Li P, Kong L, Yu P, Huang L, Long T, Zeng L, Li H, Peng D. Abnormal Spontaneous Brain Activity and Cognitive Impairment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1575-1587. [PMID: 36090000 PMCID: PMC9462436 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s376638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the alterations in spontaneous brain activity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) and investigate the relationship between abnormal spontaneous brain activity and cognitive impairment in OSA. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 52 patients with moderate to severe OSA and 61 healthy controls (HCs) were eventually enrolled in this study. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) and T1-weighted imaging. The PerAF was calculated and compared between patients with OSA and HCs, with voxel level P < 0.001 and cluster level P < 0.05 corrected with Gaussian Random Field was be considered statistically different. A partial correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between altered PerAF and clinical assessments in patients with OSA. RESULTS Compared to HCs, patients with OSA had significantly lower PerAF values in the right rectal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus, but higher PerAF values in the right cerebellum posterior lobe and left middle frontal gyrus. The PerAF values of some specific regions in patients with OSA correlated with sleep efficiency and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Additionally, support vector machine analysis showed that PerAF values in all differential brain regions could differentiate patients with OSA from HCs with good accuracy. CONCLUSION Specific brain areas in OSA patients may exhibit aberrant neuronal activity, and these anomalies may be linked to decreased cognitive performance. This discovery offers fresh perspectives on these patients' neurocognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Shu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyao Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Panmei Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Kong
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Big Data Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Long
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zeng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Li
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dechang Peng
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.,PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|